Ukungcakaza okunyanzelekileyo

Ukungcakaza okunyanzelekileyo akukwazi ukumelana neempembelelo zokungcakaza. Oku kungakhokelela kwiingxaki zemali ezinzima, ukulahleka kwemisebenzi, ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye ubuqhetseba, kunye nomonakalo kubudlelwane bosapho.

Ukungcakaza okunyanzelekileyo kuhlala kuqala kwinqanaba lokufikisa emadodeni, naphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40 kwabasetyhini.

Abantu abanengxaki yokungcakaza, kunzima ukuba baxhathise okanye balawule amandla okungcakaza. Ingqondo iyasabela kule ntshukumisa ngendlela efanayo xa isabela kumntu olikhoboka lotywala okanye leziyobisi. Nangona yabelana ngeempawu zokuphazamiseka okunganyanzelekanga, ukungcakaza okunyanzelekileyo kunokwenzeka imeko eyahlukileyo.

Kubantu abaphuhlisa ukungcakaza okunyanzelekileyo, ukungcakaza ngamanye amaxesha kukhokelela kumkhwa wokungcakaza. Iimeko zoxinzelelo zinokuzenza mandundu iingxaki zokungcakaza.

Abantu abanengxaki yokungcakaza bahlala beneentloni kwaye bazama ukunqanda ukwazisa abanye abantu ngengxaki yabo. Umbutho waseAmerican Psychiatric Association uchaza ukungcakaza okwenzekileyo njenge-5 okanye nangaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukwenza ubugebenga ukuze ufumane imali yokungcakaza.
• Ukuziva ungonwabanga okanye ucaphukile xa uzama ukunciphisa okanye ukuyeka ukungcakaza.
• Ukungcakaza ukubaleka iingxaki okanye iimvakalelo zosizi okanye unxunguphalo.
• Ukungcakaza izixa ezikhulu zemali ukuzama ukubuyisa ilahleko eyadlulayo.
• Ukuphulukana nomsebenzi, ubudlelwane, imfundo, okanye ithuba lomsebenzi ngenxa yokungcakaza.
• Ukuxoka malunga nexesha okanye imali echithwe ekungcakazeni.
• Ukwenza iinzame ezininzi ezingaphumelelanga zokunciphisa okanye ukuyeka ukungcakaza.
• Ukufuna ukuboleka imali ngenxa yelahleko yokungcakaza.
• Ukufuna ukungcakaza izixa ezikhulu zemali ukuze uzive wonwabile.
• Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi ucinga ngokungcakaza, njengokukhumbula amava adlulileyo okanye iindlela zokufumana imali eninzi onokuthi ungcakaze ngayo.

Uvavanyo lwengqondo kunye nembali kunokusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukungcakaza okungapheliyo. Izixhobo zovavanyo ezinje ngeNgcakazo engaziwayo Imibuzo engama-20 ku-www.gamblersanonymous.org/ga/content/20-questions inokunceda ekufumaneni isifo.

Unyango kubantu abanengxaki yokungcakaza luqala ngokwazi ingxaki. Abangcakazi abanyanzelekileyo bahlala bephika ukuba banengxaki okanye bafuna unyango.

Uninzi lwabantu abanengxaki yokungcakaza kwe-pathological bonyangwa kuphela xa abanye abantu bebaxinzelelo.

Izinketho zonyango zibandakanya:

• Unyango lokuziphatha okuqinisekileyo (CBT).
• Amaqela enkxaso yokuzinceda, anjengeGamblers Anonymous. Gamblers Anonymous www.gamblersanonymous.org/ yinkqubo yamanyathelo ali-12 efanayo nezoTywala ezingaziwayo. Ukuziqhelanisa nokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye iintlobo zokulutha, njengokusebenzisa iziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala, kunokuba luncedo kunyango lokungcakaza.
• Izifundo ezimbalwa zenziwe kumayeza okunyanga ukungcakaza okunyanzelekileyo. Iziphumo zokuqala zibonisa ukuba i-antidepressants kunye ne-opioid antagonists (naltrexone) inokunceda ukunyanga iimpawu zongcakazo lwezifo. Nangona kunjalo, akukacaci ukuba ngabaphi abantu abazakuphendula kumayeza.

Njengotywala okanye iziyobisi, ukungcakaza okungapheliyo kukuphazamiseka kwexesha elide okuhlala kusiba mandundu ngaphandle konyango. Nokuba unyango, kuqhelekile ukuqala ukungcakaza kwakhona (ukubuyela umva). Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanokungcakaza okungapheliyo banokwenza kakuhle kakhulu ngonyango olululo.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Utywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
• Ixhala
• Uxinzelelo
• Iingxaki zezezimali, ezentlalo, kunye nezomthetho (kubandakanya ukungabinamali, uqhawulo-mtshato, ukulahleka kwemisebenzi, ixesha lokuvalelwa)
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo (ukusuka kuxinzelelo kunye nolonwabo lokungcakaza)
• Imizamo yokuzibulala

Ukufumana unyango olufanelekileyo kunokunceda ukuthintela uninzi lwezi ngxaki.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo okanye ugqirha wezempilo yengqondo ukuba uyakholelwa ukuba uneempawu zokungcakaza okungapheliyo.

Ukubonakaliswa kukungcakaza kunokonyusa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa ukungcakaza okungapheliyo. Ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kunokuba luncedo kubantu abasengozini. Ungenelelo kwiimpawu zokuqala zongcakazo lwezifo kunokuthintela ukungahambi kakuhle.

Ukungcakaza - okunyanzelekileyo; Ukungcakaza okungapheliyo; Ukungcakaza okungamakhoboka

Umbutho weAmerican Psychiatric Association iwebhusayithi. Iingxaki ezinxulumene neziyobisi. Ku: Umbutho wezengqondo zaseMelika. Unyango woNyango kunye neNgcaciso yeNcwadi yokuPhazamiseka kwengqondo. Umhla we-5. IArlington, VA: Ukupapashwa kwengqondo yaseMelika. Ngo-2013: 585-589.

I-Balodis IM, iPotenza MN. Ibhayoloji kunye nonyango lokuphazamiseka kungcakazo. Ku: Johnson BA, ed. Iyeza leziyobisi: Inzululwazi kunye nokuziQhelanisa. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 33.

I-Weissman AR, iGould CM, iSanders KM. Ukuphazamiseka kulawulo lwempembelelo. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ii-eds. Isibhedlele saseMassachusetts Jikelele esiBanzi seNyango yoNyango. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2016: isahluko 23.