Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi

Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kwenzeka xa umntu esela utywala okanye enye into (iziyobisi) ekhokelela kwimicimbi yezempilo okanye iingxaki emsebenzini, esikolweni, okanye ekhaya.

Esi sifo sikwabizwa ngokuba kukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi.

Oyena nobangela wokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi awaziwa. Imfuza yomntu, isenzo sesiyobisi, uxinzelelo koontanga, uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo, unxunguphalo, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lwendalo zonke zinokuba zizinto.

Uninzi oluphuhlisa ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi lunexinzelelo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka emva koxinzelelo, okanye enye ingxaki yengqondo. Indlela yokuphila enoxinzelelo okanye enesidima kunye nokuzithemba okuphantsi kuqhelekile.

Abantwana abakhula bebona abazali babo besebenzisa iziyobisi banokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi kamva ebomini ngenxa yezizathu zokusingqongileyo kunye nezofuzo.

Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zibandakanya:

• I-opiates kunye nezinye i-narcotic zizipilisi zentlungu ezinamandla ezinokubangela ukozela, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iimvakalelo ezinamandla zokuphila kakuhle, ukonwaba, ukonwaba, ukonwaba kunye novuyo. Oku kubandakanya i-heroin, i-opium, i-codeine, kunye namayeza eentlungu e-narcotic anokumiselwa ngugqirha okanye athengwe ngokungekho mthethweni.
• Izikhuthazi ziziyobisi ezikhuthaza ubuchopho kunye nenkqubo yovalo. Babandakanya icocaine kunye neeamphetamines, ezinje ngeziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-ADHD (methylphenidate, okanye iRitalin). Umntu angaqala ukufuna izixa eziphezulu zala mayeza ekuhambeni kwexesha ukuze azive nomphumo ofanayo.
• Uxinzelelo lubangela ukozela kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo. Babandakanya utywala, i-barbiturates, i-benzodiazepines (iValium, iAtivan, iXanax), i-chloral hydrate kunye neparaldehyde. Ukusebenzisa ezi zinto kunokukhokelela ekubeni likhoboka.
• I-LSD, i-mescaline, i-psilocybin ("amakhowa"), kunye ne-phencyclidine (i-PCP, okanye "uthuli lwengelosi") kunokubangela ukuba umntu abone izinto ezingekhoyo (ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo) kwaye kunokukhokelela ekubeni likhoboka lengqondo.
• Intsangu (i-cannabis, okanye i-hashish).

Kukho amanqanaba aliqela okusetyenziswa kweziyobisi anokukhokelela ekubeni likhoboka. Abantu abancinci babonakala behamba ngokukhawuleza ngamanqanaba kunabantu abadala. Amanqanaba ngala:

• Ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo-Ngokwesiqhelo kubandakanya oontanga, benzelwe ukuzonwabisa; umsebenzisi angakonwabela ukungathobeli abazali okanye amanye amagunya.
• Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo -Umsebenzisi uphoswa ngakumbi nangakumbi esikolweni okanye emsebenzini; amaxhala okuphulukana nomthombo weziyobisi; isebenzisa iziyobisi "ukulungisa" iimvakalelo ezimbi; iqala ukuhlala kude nabahlobo kunye nosapho; bangatshintsha abahlobo kwabo basebenzisa rhoqo; ibonisa ukunyuka okunyamezelwayo kunye nokukwazi "ukuphatha" iyeza.
• Ingxaki okanye ukusetyenziswa komngcipheko -Umsebenzisi uphulukana nayiphi na inkuthazo; akasikhathalelanga isikolo nomsebenzi; ineenguqu ezicacileyo zokuziphatha; ukucinga ngokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kubaluleke ngakumbi kunayo yonke eminye imidla, kubandakanya ubudlelwane; umsebenzisi uyafihla; ingaqala ukuthengisa iziyobisi ukunceda ukuxhasa umkhwa; ukusetyenziswa kwezinye, iziyobisi ezinzima zinokunyuka; iingxaki zomthetho zinganda.
• Umlutha-Awunakho ukujongana nobomi bemihla ngemihla ngaphandle kweziyobisi; uyayiphika ingxaki; imeko yomzimba iya isiba mandundu; ukulahleka "kolawulo" ekusetyenzisweni; unokuzibulala; iingxaki zemali nezomthetho ziya zisiba mbi; usenokuba uqhawukile ubudlelwane bakho namalungu osapho okanye nabahlobo.

Iimpawu kunye nokuziphatha kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunokubandakanya:

• Ukudideka
• Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa iziyobisi, nokuba impilo, umsebenzi, okanye usapho luyenzakala
• Iziqendu zobundlobongela
• Ubutshaba xa ujongene nokuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi
• Ukusilela kolawulo lokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, ukungakwazi ukuyeka okanye ukunciphisa ukusela utywala
• Ukwenza izizathu zokusebenzisa iziyobisi
• Ukuphoswa ngumsebenzi okanye isikolo, okanye ukwehla kokusebenza
• Isidingo sokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi mihla le okanye rhoqo
• Ukungahoyi ukutya
• Ukungakhathali ngenkangeleko yomzimba
• Ayisathathi nxaxheba kwimisebenzi ngenxa yokusebenzisa iziyobisi
• Ukuziphatha okuyimfihlo ukufihla ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi
• Sebenzisa iziyobisi nokuba uwedwa

Uvavanyo lweziyobisi (izikrini zetyhefu) kwizampulu zegazi kunye nomchamo zingabonisa iikhemikhali ezininzi kunye neziyobisi emzimbeni. Indlela uvavanyo olunobuzaza ngayo luxhomekeke kwichiza ngokwalo, xa lalisele lithathwa, kunye nakwilabhoratri yovavanyo. Uvavanyo lwegazi kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ichiza kuneemvavanyo zomchamo, nangona izikrini zeziyobisi zomchamo zenziwa rhoqo.

Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi yimeko enzima kwaye akukho lula ukuyinyanga. Eyona nkathalo kunye nonyango lubandakanya abaqeqeshiweyo abaqeqeshiweyo.

Unyango luqala ngokuqonda ingxaki. Nangona ukwaliwa kungumqondiso oqhelekileyo wokuba likhoboka, abantu abakhobokisayo abanakwa kwaphela ukuba baphathwa ngovelwano nentlonipho, endaweni yokuxelelwa ukuba mabenze ntoni okanye bajongane nabo.

Isixhobo sinokurhoxa kancinci okanye simiswe ngesiquphe. Inkxaso yeempawu zomzimba kunye neemvakalelo, kunye nokuhlala ungenazo iziyobisi (ukuyeka) zikwangundoqo kunyango.

• Abantu abanokudlula kweziyobisi banokufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo esibhedlele. Unyango oluchanekileyo luxhomekeke kwichiza elisetyenzisiweyo.
• Ukutsalwa emzimbeni (detox) kukurhoxiswa ngesiquphe kwento apho kukho inkxaso elungileyo. Ukutshatyalaliswa emzimbeni kungenziwa kwizigulana okanye kwizigulana ezingalaliswayo.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, elinye ichiza elinentshukumo efanayo okanye ifuthe emzimbeni liyathathwa, njengoko idosi incipha kancinci ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nomngcipheko wokurhoxa. Umzekelo, ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi, i-methadone okanye iziyobisi ezifanayo zinokusetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukurhoxa kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo.

Iinkqubo zonyango lokuhlala zijonga kwaye zijongane neempawu ezinokubakho zokurhoxa kunye nokuziphatha. Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa iindlela zokwenza ukuba abasebenzisi babone indlela abaziphethe ngayo kwaye bafunde ukuba bangabuyeli njani ekusebenziseni (ukubuyela umva).

Ukuba umntu unokudakumba okanye esinye isifo sempilo yengqondo, kufuneka sinyangwe. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntu uqala ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ukuzama ukuzinyanga ngokwakhe isifo sengqondo.

Amaqela amaninzi enkxaso ayafumaneka ekuhlaleni. Ziquka:

• I-Narcotics Engaziwayo (NA) - www.na.org/
• Alateen - al-anon.org/for-members/group-resource/alateen/
• UAl-Anon-al-anon.org/

Uninzi lwala maqela lulandela inkqubo yamanyathelo ali-12 asetyenziswa kwiAlcoholics Anonymous (AA) www.aa.org/.

Ukubuyiswa kwe-SMART www.smartrecovery.org/ kunye neLife Ring Ukubuyiswa kwakhona kweLizwe www.lifering.org/ ziinkqubo ezingasebenzisi ndlela enamanyathelo ali-12. Unokufumana amanye amaqela enkxaso kwi-Intanethi.

Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunokukhokelela kukugqithisa okubulalayo. Abanye abantu baqala ukuthatha izinto kwakhona (ukubuyela umva) emva kokuba beyekile.

Iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zibandakanya:

• Uxinzelelo
• Umhlaza, umzekelo, umlomo nomhlaza wesisu unxulunyaniswa nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala kunye nokuxhomekeka
• Usulelo lwe-HIV, okanye i-hepatitis B okanye i-C ngokusebenzisa iinaliti ezabelwana ngazo
• Ukuphelelwa ngumsebenzi
• Iingxaki kwimemori kunye noxinzelelo, umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-hallucinogen, kubandakanya intsangu (THC)
• Iingxaki nomthetho
• Ukwahlukana kobudlelwane
• Izenzo zesondo ezingakhuselekanga, ezinokuthi zikhokelele ekukhulelweni okungafunekiyo, izifo ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini, i-HIV, okanye i-hepatitis yentsholongwane

Biza ukuqeshwa kunye nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba wena okanye ilungu losapho lisebenzisa into kwaye lifuna ukuyeka. Biza kwakhona ukuba unqunyanyisiwe kunikezelo lweziyobisi kwaye usemngciphekweni wokurhoxa. Uninzi lwabaqeshi banikezela ngeenkonzo zokuthumela kubasebenzi babo abaneengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.

Iinkqubo zokufundisa ngeziyobisi zinokuba luncedo. Abazali banokuba nefuthe elinamandla ebantwaneni babo ngokubafundisa ngokwenzakala kwezinto.

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwesiyobisi; Ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza; Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwemichiza; Iziyobisi; Likhoboka leziyobisi; Ukuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi; Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi; Ukusetyenziswa kweNarcotic; Ukusetyenziswa kweHallucinogen

• Uxinzelelo kunye namadoda

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