Tetralogy yoBuxoki

I-Tetralogy ye-Fallot luhlobo lwesiphene sentliziyo esibelekwe. Ukuzalwa kuthetha ukuba ikhona ekuzalweni.

I-Tetralogy ye-Fallot ibangela amanqanaba asezantsi eoksijini egazini. Oku kukhokelela kwi-cyanosis (umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mfusa kulusu).

Ifom yeklasi ibandakanya iziphene ezine zentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi ephambili:

• Isiphene se-Ventricular septal (umngxuma phakathi kwee-ventricle zasekunene nezasekhohlo)
• Ukuncitshiswa kwendlela yokuphuma kwemiphunga (ivelufa kunye nomthambo odibanisa intliziyo nemiphunga)
• Ukugqithisa i-aorta (umthambo ophethe igazi eline-oksijini emzimbeni) oluguqulwa ngaphezulu kwe-ventricle elungileyo kunye ne-ventricular septal defect, endaweni yokuphuma kuphela kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo
• Udonga oluqinisiweyo lwe-ventricle elungileyo (i-ventricular hypertrophy)

I-Tetralogy ye-Fallot inqabile, kodwa yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yesifo sentliziyo esibelekweni. Kwenzeka ngokufanayo ngokufuthi rhoqo kumadoda nakwabasetyhini. Abantu abane-tetralogy ye-Fallot kunokwenzeka ukuba babe nezinye iziphene zokuzalwa.

Unobangela wezona ziphene zentliziyo azalwa nazo awaziwa. Zininzi izinto ezibonakala ngathi ziyabandakanyeka.

Izinto ezonyusa umngcipheko wale meko ngexesha lokukhulelwa zibandakanya:

• Utywala kumama
• Seswekile
• Umama oneminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 ubudala
• Ukungondleki ngexesha lokukhulelwa
• URubella okanye ezinye izifo zentsholongwane ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Abantwana abane-tetralogy ye-Fallot banamathuba okuba neengxaki ze-chromosome, ezifana ne-Down syndrome, i-Alagille syndrome kunye ne-DiGeorge syndrome (imeko ebangela ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo, amaqondo aphantsi e-calcium kunye nokungasebenzi komzimba).

Iimpawu zibandakanya:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kulusu (i-cyanosis), oluye lubhebhetheke ngakumbi xa umntwana ekhathazekile
• Iiklabhu zeminwe (ulusu okanye ukwandiswa kwethambo malunga neenzipho)
• Ukutya kunzima (ukungondleki)
• Ukusilela ukutyeba
• Ukuphuma
• Uphuhliso olubi
• Ukuqhekeka ngexesha leziqendu ze-cyanosis

Uvavanyo lomzimba nge-stethoscope phantse lonke luveza ukugcuma kwentliziyo.

Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Echocardiogram
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• I-MRI yentliziyo (ngokubanzi emva kotyando)
• I-CT yentliziyo

Ugqirha lokulungisa i-tetralogy ye-Fallot lwenziwa xa usana lusemncinci kakhulu, ikakhulu ngaphambi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala. Ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka utyando olungaphezulu kwesinye. Xa kusetyenziswa utyando olungaphezulu kwesinye, utyando lokuqala lwenziwa ukunceda ukwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi emiphungeni.

Utyando ukulungisa ingxaki lunokwenziwa ngelinye ixesha. Rhoqo kwenziwa utyando olunye kuphela kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zobomi. Utyando lokulungisa lwenziwa ukwandisa icandelo le-pulmonary kunye nokuvala isiphene se-ventricular septal.

Uninzi lwamatyala anokulungiswa ngoqhaqho. Iintsana ezenziwa utyando zihlala ziqhuba kakuhle. Ngaphezulu kwama-90% asinda ebudaleni aze aphile ubomi obusebenzayo, obunempilo nobunemveliso. Ngaphandle kotyando, ukufa kuhlala kwenzeka ngexesha umntu efikelela kwiminyaka engama-20.

Abantu abaqhubekekayo, ukuvuza ngamandla kwe-valve yemiphunga kunokufuneka ukuba kufakwe enye ivalve endaweni yayo.

Ukulandelwa rhoqo kunye nentliziyo yezigulana kuyacetyiswa ngamandla.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ukukhula okulibazisekileyo kunye nophuhliso
• Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga (arrhythmias)
• Ukuxhuzula ngamaxesha apho kungekho ioksijini yaneleyo
• Ukusweleka ekubanjweni kwentliziyo, nasemva kokulungiswa kotyando

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba iimpawu ezingachazwanga ezintsha zikhula okanye umntwana unesiqendu se-cyanosis (ulusu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).

Ukuba umntwana one-tetralogy of Fallot uba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwangoko beka umntwana kwicala labo okanye ngasemva kwaye ubeke amadolo phezulu esifubeni. Thoba umntwana kwaye ufune unyango kwangoko.

Akukho ndlela yaziwayo yokuthintela imeko.

Tet; TOF; Isiphene sentliziyo esibelekwe - itetralogy; Isifo sentliziyo iCyanotic - tetralogy; Isiphene sokuzalwa - itetralogy

• Ukuhlinzwa kwentliziyo yabantwana-ukukhutshwa

• Icandelo lentliziyo phakathi embindini
• Tetralogy yoBuxoki
• ICyanotic 'iTet spell'

Isifo sentliziyo esizalwe sisifo seCyanotic: kuvavanyo lwe-neonate egula kakhulu ene-cyanosis kunye noxinzelelo lokuphefumla. Ku: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 456.

I-Fraser CD, iKane LC. Isifo sentliziyo. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, ii-eds. Incwadi yeSabiston yoNyango: Isiseko sebhayiloji yoQeqesho lwangoku. Umhla we-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 58.

IWebb GD, i-Smallhorn JF, iTherrien J, iRedington AN. Isifo sentliziyo esibelekwe kumntu omkhulu nakwisigulana sabantwana. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ii-eds. Isifo sentliziyo seBraunwald: Incwadi yesifundo seMpilo yeNtliziyo. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 75.