Craniosynostosis

I-Craniosynostosis sisiphene sokuzalwa apho enye okanye ngaphezulu iisuture entlokweni yomntwana ivala kwangoko kunesiqhelo.

Ukhakhayi losana okanye lomntwana omncinci lwenziwe ngamacwecwe emathambo asakhulayo. Imida apho la macwecwe adibana khona abizwa ngokuba yimigca okanye imigca yesuti. Imisipha ivumela ukukhula kokakayi. Bahlala bevala ("fuse") xa umntwana eneminyaka emibini okanye emithathu ubudala.

Ukuvalwa kwangoko kwe-suture kubangela ukuba umntwana abe nentloko emile ngokungaqhelekanga. Oku kunokunciphisa ukukhula kwengqondo.

Unobangela we-craniosynostosis awaziwa. Imfuza inokudlala indima, kodwa ihlala ingekho imbali yosapho yesi meko. Rhoqo, kunokubangelwa luxinzelelo lwangaphandle kwintloko yosana ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwesiseko solukakayi kunye neembumba ezijikeleze amathambo okakayi kukholelwa ukuba kuchaphazela ukuhamba kunye nokuma kwamathambo njengoko ekhula.

Kwiimeko xa oku kudluliswa kwiintsapho, kunokubakho nezinye iingxaki zempilo, ezinje ngokubanjwa, ukunciphisa ukuqonda kunye nokungaboni. Ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza okuqhelekileyo okunxulunyaniswa ne-craniosynostosis kubandakanya uCrouzon, Apert, Carpenter, Saethre-Chotzen, kunye nePfeiffer syndromes.

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantwana abane-craniosynostosis ngenye indlela basempilweni kwaye banobukrelekrele obuqhelekileyo.

Iimpawu zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-craniosynostosis. Banokubandakanya:

• Akukho "ndawo ithambileyo" (fontanelle) kwikhakhayi losana olusandul 'ukuzalwa
• Umqolo onzima ophakanyisiweyo ecaleni kwemisonto echaphazelekayo
• Ubume bentloko engaqhelekanga
• Ukuncipha okanye ukungabikho kokunyuka kwentloko ngaphezulu kwexesha njengoko umntwana ekhula

Iindidi ze-craniosynostosis zezi:

• I-Sagittal synostosis (scaphocephaly) lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Ichaphazela umthungo ophambili phezulu kakhulu entloko. Ukuvalwa kwangoko kunyanzela intloko ukuba ikhule inde kwaye imxinwa, endaweni ebanzi. Iintsana ezinolu hlobo zihlala zinebunzi elibanzi. Kuqheleke kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazana.
• Iipilogiocephaly zangaphambili lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo luqhelekileyo. Ichaphazela umthungo obaleka endlebeni uye endlebeni ngaphezulu kwentloko. Ngokwesiqhelo kwenzeka kwicala elinye, kubangele ibunzi eligangathiweyo, ishiya ephakanyisiweyo, kunye nendlebe ebonakalayo kwelo cala. Impumlo yomntwana nayo isenokubonakala ngathi itsaliwe yaya kwela cala. Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kumantombazana kunakubabafana.
• I-Metopic synostosis yifom enqabileyo echaphazela i-suture kufutshane nebunzi. Ubume bentloko yomntwana bunokuchazwa njenge-trigonocephaly, kuba umphezulu wentloko ubonakala unxantathu, unebunzi elimxinwa okanye elitsolo. Isenokubakho ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima.

Umboneleli wezempilo uya kuziva intloko yentsana kwaye enze uvavanyo lomzimba.

Olu vavanyo lulandelayo lunokwenziwa:

• Ukulinganisa umjikelo wentloko yosana
• X-reyi yokakayi
• Ukuvavanywa kwentloko kwe-CT

Ukutyelela umntwana kakuhle yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhathalelo lwempilo yomntwana wakho. Bavumela umboneleli ukuba ahlole rhoqo ukukhula kwentloko yosana lwakho ixesha elingaphezulu. Oku kuya kunceda ukufumanisa naziphi na iingxaki kwangoko.

Ugqirha luyafuneka rhoqo. Yenziwa lo gama usana luselusana. Iinjongo zotyando zezi:

• Nciphisa naluphi na uxinzelelo kwingqondo.
• Qinisekisa ukuba kukho indawo eyaneleyo kukhakhayi ukuvumela ingqondo ukuba ikhule ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukuphucula ukubonakala kwentloko yomntwana.

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntwana kuxhomekeke:

• Zingaphi iisuture ezichaphazelekayo
• Impilo yomntwana iyonke

Abantwana abanale meko abatyandwayo benza kakuhle kwiimeko ezininzi, ngakumbi xa imeko ingahambelani nesifo semfuza.

I-Craniosynostosis ibangela ukukhubazeka kwentloko okunokuba nzima kwaye kusisigxina ukuba ayilungiswa. Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso

Tsalela umnikezeli womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Ubume bentloko engaqhelekanga
• Iingxaki ngokukhula
• Ukunyuka okungaqhelekanga kukhakhayi

Ukuvalwa kwangaphambili kwee-sutures; ISynostosis; IPlagiocephaly; Scaphocephaly; Ipontianelle - craniosynostosis; Indawo ethambileyo-craniosynostosis

• Ukulungiswa kweCranosynostosis - ukukhutshwa

• Ukhakhayi losana olusandul 'ukuzalwa

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Iinyani malunga ne-craniosynostosis. www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/craniosynostosis.html. Ukuhlaziywa kweyeNkanga 1, 2018. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha 24, 2019.

UGraham JM, iSanchez-Lara PA. I-Craniosynostosis: ngokubanzi. Ku: Graham JM, Sanchez-Lara PA, ii-eds. Iipateni zikaSmith ezaziwayo zoLungiso loMntu. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2016: isahluko 29.

Isalamane SL, uJohnston MV. Ukungafani okuzalwa kwenkqubo ye-nervous system. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 609.

UMandela R, uBellew M, uChumas P, uNash H. Iziphumo zexesha lotyando lwe-craniosynostosis kwiziphumo ze-neurodevelopmental iziphumo: uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo. J Neurosurg Pediatr. Ngo-2019; 23 (4): 442-454. IINKCUKACHA: 30684935 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30684935/.