Umsebenzi wobugqirha (PA)

IMBALI YOBUCHULE

Inkqubo yokuqala yoqeqesho loMncedisi kaGqirha (PA) yasekwa ngo-1965 kwiDuke University nguGqirha Eugene Stead.

Iinkqubo zifuna ukuba abafaki zicelo babe nesidanga se-bachelor. Abafakizicelo bakwadinga amava athile kulondolozo lwempilo, olunje ngengcali yezonyango engxamisekileyo, umncedisi we-ambulensi, utitshala wezempilo, umongikazi osebenzayo onelayisensi, okanye umongikazi wesidanga. Umfundi ophakathi we-PA unesidanga se-bachelor kwicandelo elithile kwaye malunga neminyaka emi-4 yamava anxulumene nempilo. Iinkqubo zemfundo zee-PAs zihlala zinxulunyaniswa neekholeji zamayeza. Ziyahluka ukusuka kwiinyanga ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-27 ubude. Iinkqubo zinika isidanga senkosi ukugqitywa.

Abafundi bokuqala be-PA ubukhulu becala bezonyango. Baye bakwazi ukwandisa ulwazi kunye namava abawamkelayo emkhosini ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kwindima yokhathalelo. Indima yomncedisi kagqirha ivumele ii-PAs ukuba zenze imisebenzi ebisenziwa ngaphambili ngoogqirha kuphela. Oku kubandakanya ukuthatha imbali, uvavanyo lomzimba, isifo, kunye nolawulo lwesigulana.

Izifundo ezininzi ziye zaphawula ukuba ii-PAs zinokubonelela ngokhathalelo lwempilo oluphezulu, xa kuthelekiswa nolo lukagqirha, malunga neepesenti ezingama-80 zeemeko ezibonwe kuseto lokhathalelo lokuqala.

UBUDE BENKQUBO

Umncedisi kagqirha uzilungiselele, kokubini ezifundweni naseklinikhi, ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zokhathalelo lwempilo phantsi kolwalathiso nolawulo lukagqirha wamayeza (MD) okanye ugqirha wamayeza e-osteopathic (DO). Imisebenzi ye-PA ibandakanya ukwenza isifo, unyango, uthintelo kunye neenkonzo zolondolozo lwempilo.

Ii-PA kuwo onke amazwe angama-50, eWashington, DC, naseGuam banamalungelo amiselweyo okuziqhelanisa. Abanye abancedisi boogqirha abanakho ukufumana imbuyiselo ngqo yomntu wesithathu (i-inshurensi) yeenkonzo zabo, kodwa iinkonzo zabo zihlawuliswa ngugqirha okanye umqeshi wabo.

IZILUNGISELELO ZOKUSEBENZA

Ii-PAs ziqhuba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zonyango kunye nezokuhlinzwa. Uninzi lokuziqhelanisa kwiindawo zokhathalelo lokuqala, kubandakanya ukuziqhelanisa nosapho. Ezinye iindawo eziqhelekileyo zokuziqhelanisa notyando, ubuchule bokuhlinzwa, kunye nonyango olungxamisekileyo. Abanye babandakanyeka ekufundiseni, kuphando, kulawulo, okanye kwezinye iindima ezingezizo ezeklinikhi.

Ii-PAs zinokuziqhelanisa nakweyiphi na imeko apho ugqirha ebonelela khona. Oku kuvumela oogqirha ukuba bagxile kwizakhono zabo nakwindlela efanelekileyo. Ukuziqhelanisa ne-PAs kuzo zombini iindawo ezisemaphandleni nezingaphakathi esixekweni. Amandla kunye nokuzimisela kwee-PAs ukuziqhelanisa nemimandla yasemaphandleni kukuphucule ukuhanjiswa kwabanikezeli benkathalelo yezempilo kubo bonke abantu ngokubanzi.

UMGAQO WOBUCHULE

Njengolunye uqeqesho oluninzi, oogqirha abancedisayo balawulwa kumanqanaba amabini ahlukeneyo. Banelayisensi kwinqanaba likarhulumente ngokwemithetho ethile yelizwe. Ukuqinisekiswa kusekwe ngombutho wesizwe. Izinto ezifunekayo kwimigangatho yokusebenza encinci ziyahambelana kuwo onke amazwe.

Ilayisenisi: Imithetho ethile kwi-PA ilayisenisi ingahluka phakathi kwamazwe. Nangona kunjalo, phantse onke amazwe afuna isatifikethi selizwe ngaphambi kwelayisensi.

Yonke imithetho yelizwe ifuna ukuba ii-PAs zibenogqirha ojongene nazo. Lo gqirha akanyanzelekanga ukuba abe kwindawo enye ne-PA. Uninzi lwamazwe luvumela ukubekwa kweliso kugqirha ngonxibelelwano ngefowuni kunye nokutyelelwa kwendawo ngamaxesha athile. Ukongamela oogqirha kunye nee-PA bahlala benesicwangciso sokuziqhelanisa nokujonga, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha esi sicwangciso sifakwa kwiiarhente zikarhulumente.

Isiqinisekiso: Kumanqanaba okuqala obuchwephesha, i-AAPA (Umbutho waseMelika waBancedisi boGqirha) wajoyina i-AMA (Umbutho Wezonyango waseMelika) kunye neBhodi yeSizwe yabavavanyi bezoNyango ukuphuhlisa uviwo lobuchule kuzwelonke.

Ngo-1975, umbutho ozimeleyo, iKhomishini kaZwelonke yokuQinisekiswa kwabaNcedisi boGqirha, yasekwa ukuze ilawule inkqubo yokuqinisekiswa. Le nkqubo ibandakanya uvavanyo lwenqanaba lokungena, ukuqhubeka kwemfundo yezonyango, kunye nokuphinda kwenziwe uviwo kwakhona. Ngabancedisi boogqirha kuphela abaphumeleleyo kwiinkqubo ezivunyiweyo kwaye abagqibileyo kwaye basigcina eso siqinisekiso abanokuthi basebenzise iziqinisekiso ze-PA-C (eziqinisekisiweyo).

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya, ndwendwela iAmerican Academy yaBancedisi boGqirha-www.aapa.org okanye iKhomishini kaZwelonke yokuQinisekiswa kwabaNcedisi boGqirha-www.nccpa.net.

• Iindidi zababoneleli ngezempilo

IBallweg R. Imbali yomsebenzi kunye neendlela ezikhoyo. Ku: IBallweg R, uBrown D, uVetrosky DT, uRitsema TS, ii-eds. UMncedisi kaGqirha: Isikhokelo seNkqubo yokuziQhelanisa neKlinikhi. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 2.

UGoldgar C, uCrouse D, uMorton-Rias D. Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wabancedisi bezonyango: ukuqinisekiswa, ukuqinisekiswa, ukunikwa ilayisensi kunye nelungelo. Ku: IBallweg R, uBrown D, uVetrosky DT, uRitsema TS, ii-eds. UMncedisi kaGqirha: Isikhokelo seNkqubo yokuziQhelanisa neKlinikhi. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 6.