Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokutya

Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi konzakalisa umzimba ngeendlela ezimbini:

• Le nto ngokwayo ichaphazela umzimba.
• Kubangela utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, njengokutya ngendlela engaqhelekanga kunye nokutya ngendlela engeyiyo.

Isondlo esifanelekileyo sinokunceda inkqubo yokuphilisa. Izondlo zinika umzimba amandla. Banikezela ngezinto zokwakha kunye nokugcina amalungu asempilweni kunye nokulwa nosulelo.

Ukuchacha ekusebenziseni iziyobisi kuchaphazela nomzimba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya imetabolism (amandla okwenza amandla), ukusebenza kwamalungu omzimba, kunye nokuba sempilweni kwengqondo.

Impembelelo yamachiza ahlukeneyo kwisondlo ichazwe ngezantsi.

IZINTLU

Ii-opiates (kubandakanya ikhowudi, i-oxycodone, i-heroin, kunye ne-morphine) zichaphazela inkqubo yamathumbu. Ukuqhinwa luphawu oluqhelekileyo lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ngexesha lokurhoxa zibandakanya:

• Urhudo
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha

Ezi mpawu zinokukhokelela kukungabikho kwezondlo ezaneleyo kunye nokungalingani kwee-electrolyte (ezinje ngesodiyam, i-potassium kunye ne-chloride).

Ukutya ukutya okunokulinganisela kunokwenza ukuba ezi zimpawu zingaphantsi (nangona kunjalo, ukutya kunokuba nzima, ngenxa yesicaphucaphu). Ukutya okune-fiber ephezulu kunye nenqwaba yeecarbohydrate ezintsonkothileyo (ezinjengokhozo olupheleleyo, imifuno, ii-ertyisi kunye neembotyi) kuyacetyiswa.

UTYWALA

Ukusetyenziswa kotywala sesinye sezizathu eziphambili zokunqongophala kwesondlo eUnited States. Ezona ngxaki ziqhelekileyo ziivithamini ze-B (B1, B6, kunye nefolic acid). Ukungabikho kwezi zondlo kubangela i-anemia kunye ne-system ye-nervous (neurologic) iingxaki. Umzekelo, isifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ("ingqondo emanzi") senzeka xa ukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu kubangela ukunqongophala kwe-vitamin B1.

Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kukonakalisa amalungu amabini aphambili abandakanyeka kwimetabolism kunye nesondlo: isibindi kunye nepancreas. Isibindi sisusa ityhefu kwizinto eziyingozi. Ipancreas ilawula iswekile yegazi kunye nokufunxwa kwamafutha. Ukonakala kula malungu mabini kubangela ukungalingani kwamanzi, iikhalori, iiproteni kunye neelectrolyte.

Ezinye iingxaki zibandakanya:

• Seswekile
• Igazi elonyukayo
• Umonakalo osisigxina wesibindi (okanye i-cirrhosis)
• Ukuxhuzula
• Ukungondleki kakhulu
• Ixesha elifutshane lokuphila

Ukutya okungalunganga komfazi xa ekhulelwe, ngakumbi ukuba usela utywala, kunokulimaza ukukhula kunye nokukhula komntwana esibelekweni. Iintsana ezazichanabeke etywaleni ngexa zazisesibelekweni zihlala zineengxaki zomzimba nezengqondo. Utywala buchaphazela usana olukhulayo ngokuwela ipasecenta. Emva kokuzalwa, umntwana usenokuba neempawu zokurhoxa.

Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri lweprotein, i-iron kunye ne-electrolyte kunokufuneka ukumisela ukuba ngaba sikhona isifo sesibindi ukongeza kwingxaki yotywala. Abasetyhini abasela kakhulu basemngciphekweni omkhulu we-osteoporosis kwaye banokufuna ukuthatha izongezo zecalcium.

ABAKHUSELAYO

Ukusetyenziswa okukhuthazayo (njengokuqhekeka, icocaine, kunye ne-methamphetamine) kunciphisa ukutya, kwaye kukhokelele ekunciphiseni ubunzima kunye nokungondleki. Abasebenzisi bala machiza banokuhlala iintsuku ngeentsuku. Banokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwaye banokungalingani kwe-electrolyte ngexesha lezi ziqendu. Ukubuyela kwisidlo esiqhelekileyo kunokuba nzima ukuba umntu uye wehla emzimbeni kakhulu.

Iingxaki zememori, ezinokuthi zibe sisigxina, ziyingxaki yokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide lokuvuselela.

MARIJUANA

Intsangu inokunyusa umdla wokutya. Abanye abasebenzisi bexesha elide banokutyeba kakhulu kwaye bafuna ukunciphisa amafutha, iswekile, kunye neekhalori ezipheleleyo.

UKUSETYENZISWA KWEZONDLO NOKUSETYENZISWA KWENGQONDO YOKUSETYENZISWA KWEZIyobisi

Xa umntu eziva engcono, mancinci amathuba okuba aqale ukusebenzisa utywala neziyobisi. Kuba ukutya okunezakha-mzimba kunceda ukuphucula imo yezempilo kunye nempilo, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukutya okusempilweni emntwini ophulukana notywala kunye nezinye iingxaki zeziyobisi.

Kodwa umntu osandula ukuyeka umthombo obalulekileyo wolonwabo usenokungakulungeli ukwenza olunye utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila. Ke, kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuba umntu akuphephe ukubuyela ekusebenziseni iziyobisi kunokunamathela kukutya okungqongqo.

IZIKHOKELO

• Gcina amaxesha okutya rhoqo.
• Yitya ukutya okungenamafutha amaninzi.
• Fumana iiproteni, iikhabhohayidrethi, kunye nefayibha yokutya.
• I-Vitamin kunye nezongezelelo zamaminerali zinokuba luncedo ngexesha lokubuyiselwa (oku kunokubandakanya i-B-complex, zinc, kunye neevithamini A no-C).

Umntu osebenzisa iziyobisi kunokwenzeka ukuba abuye kwakhona xa enendlela engalunganga yokutya. Yiyo loo nto ukutya rhoqo kubalulekile. Iziyobisi kunye notywala kubangela ukuba umntu alibale ukuba kunjani ukulamba, endaweni yoko acinge ngale mvakalelo njengokulangazelela iziyobisi. Umntu kufuneka akhuthazwe ukuba acinge ukuba banokulamba xa iinkanuko ziba namandla.

Ngexesha lokuchacha ekusebenziseni iziyobisi, ukomisa umzimba kuqhelekile. Kubalulekile ukufumana ulwelo olwaneleyo ngexesha kunye naphakathi kokutya. Umdla wokutya uhlala ubuya ngexesha lokuchacha. Umntu ekubuyiseni uhlala esengozini yokutya kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba babethatha izinto ezikhuthazayo. Kubalulekile ukutya izidlo ezisempilweni kunye nokutya okulula kunye nokuphepha ukutya okunekhalori eziphezulu ezinesondlo esisezantsi, ezinje ngeelekese.

Ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo zinokukunceda ekuphuculeni amathuba okubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwaye usempilweni:

• Yitya ukutya okunezondlo kunye namaqebengwana.
• Fumana umsebenzi womzimba kunye nokuphumla ngokwaneleyo.
• Nciphisa icaffeine kwaye uyeke ukutshaya, ukuba kunokwenzeka.
• Funa uncedo kubacebisi okanye kumaqela enkxaso rhoqo.
• Thatha izongezo ze vithamin nezimbiwa xa kucetyiswa ngumboneleli wezempilo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokutya; Isondlo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi

Jeynes KD, Gibson EL. Ukubaluleka kwesondlo ekuncedeni ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo ekusetyenzisweni kweziyobisi: uphononongo. Ukuxhomekeka kuTywala iziyobisi. Ngo-2017; 179: 229-239. IINKCUKACHA: 28806640 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28806640/.

IKowalchuk A, iRed BC. Ukuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ii-eds. Incwadi yesikhokelo samayeza osapho. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 50.

I-Weiss RD. Iziyobisi zokuxhatshazwa. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 31.