Izongezo zokutya

Izongezo zokutya zizinto eziba yinxalenye yemveliso yokutya xa zongezwa ngexesha lokulungisa okanye lokwenza oko kutya.

"Ngokuthe ngqo" izongezo zokutya zihlala zongezwa ngexesha lokuqhubekeka:

• Yongeza izondlo
• Inkqubo yokunceda okanye ukulungisa ukutya
• Gcina imveliso intsha
• Yenza ukutya kubonakale ngakumbi

Izongezo zokutya ngokuthe ngqo zinokwenziwa ngumntu okanye zendalo.

Izongezo zokutya zendalo zibandakanya:

• Iherbs okanye iziqholo ukongeza incasa ekutyeni
• Iviniga yokutya ukutya okukhethiweyo
• Ityuwa, ukugcina inyama

Izongezo "ezingathanga ngqo" zokutya zizinto ezinokufumaneka ekutyeni ngexesha okanye emva kokuba kusenziwa. Khange zisetyenziswe okanye zibekwe ekutyeni ngenjongo. Ezi zongezelelo zikhona ngexabiso elincinci kwimveliso yokugqibela.

Izongezo zokutya zinika imisebenzi ephambili emihlanu. Bazi:

1. Nika ukutya ukuthungwa okungaguquguqukiyo nokungaguquguqukiyo:

• Iemulsifiers zithintela iimveliso ezingamanzi ukuba zahlukane.
• Ukuqiniswa kunye nokuqina kunika ukuthungwa ngokulinganayo.
• Izixhobo zokulwa nokuthintela ukuvumela izinto ukuba zihambe ngokukhululekileyo.

2. Ukuphucula okanye ukugcina ixabiso lesondlo:

• Ukutya neziselo ezininzi kuyomelezwa kwaye kuyatyetyiswa ukubonelela ngeevithamini, iiminerali kunye nezinye izondlo. Imizekelo yokutya okuqiniswe kakhulu ngumgubo, isiriyeli, imajarini nobisi. Oku kunceda ukwenza iivithamini okanye iiminerals ezinokuthi zibe sezantsi okanye zingabikho ekudleni komntu.
• Zonke iimveliso eziqulethe izondlo ezongeziweyo kufuneka zibhalwe.

3. Gcina ukulunga kokutya:

• Ibacteria kunye nezinye iintsholongwane zinokubangela izifo ezibangelwa kukutya. Izinto ezisigcinayo zinciphisa izinto ezinokubangelwa zezi ntsholongwane.
• Ukugcinwa okuthile kunceda ekugcineni incasa kwizinto ezibhakiweyo ngokunqanda amanqatha kunye neoyile ukuba zingonakali.
• Izinto ezisigcinayo nazo zigcina iziqhamo ezisandula ukujika zibe mdaka xa zichanekile emoyeni.

4. Lawula ibhalansi esekwe kukutya kwaye ubonelele ngegwele:

• Ezinye izongezo zinceda ukutshintsha i-acid-base balance yokutya ukuze ufumane incasa ethile okanye umbala.
• Izinto ezinegwele ezikhupha iiasidi xa zishushu zisabela ngesoda yokubhaka ukunceda iibhisikidi, iikeyiki kunye nezinye izinto ezibhakiweyo.

5. Nika umbala kwaye uphucule incasa:

• Imibala ethile iphucula ukubonakala kokutya.
• Uninzi lweziqholo, kunye neencasa zendalo kunye ezenziwe ngabantu, zivelisa incasa yokutya.

Uninzi lwexhala malunga nezongezo zokutya zinento yokwenza nezinto ezenziwe ngabantu ezongezwa kukutya. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anikwa izilwanyana ezivelisa ukutya, ezifana neenkuku neenkomo
• Antioxidants kukutya okunamafutha okanye okunamafutha
• Izinto zokuthambisa ezingezizo, ezifana ne-aspartame, i-saccharin, isodium cyclamate, kunye ne-sucralose
• I-Benzoic acid kwiijusi zeziqhamo
• I-Lecithin, i-gelatins, i-cornstarch, i-waxes, i-gums, kunye ne-propylene glycol kwindawo yokuqinisa ukutya kunye ne-emulsifiers
• Uninzi lweedayi kunye nezinto zokubala imibala
• Imonosodium glutamate (MSG)
• AmaNitrate kunye nee-nitrites kwizinja ezishushu kunye nezinye iimveliso zenyama eziqhubekileyo
• I-Sulfites ebhiya, iwayini, kunye nemifuno epakishwe

I-United States yoLawulo lwezoKutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi (i-FDA) inoluhlu lwezongezo zokutya ekucingelwa ukuba zikhuselekile. Uninzi aluzange luvavanywe, kodwa uninzi lwezazinzulu luthatha njengokhuseleko. Ezi zinto zibekwa kuluhlu "olubonwa ngokubanzi njengekhuselekileyo (GRAS)". Olu luhlu luqulathe malunga nezinto ezingama-700.

ICongress ichaza ukhuseleko "njengokuqiniseka okuqinisekileyo ukuba akukho monakalo uya kubangelwa kukusetyenziswa" kwesongezo. Imizekelo yezinto ezikolu luhlu zezi: i-guar gum, iswekile, ityuwa kunye neviniga. Uluhlu luhlaziywa rhoqo.

Ezinye izinto ezifunyenwe zinobungozi ebantwini okanye kwizilwanyana zisenokuvunyelwa, kodwa kuphela kwinqanaba le-1/100 lesixa eso sithathwa njengesinobungozi. Ukuzikhusela, abantu abanokungabikho komzimba okanye ukunganyangeki kokutya kufuneka bahlale bejonga uluhlu lwezithako kwileyibhile. Ukuphendula kuso nasiphi na isongezelelo kunokuba kubumnene okanye kube nzima. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abantu abane-asthma banesifo se-asthma esiba nzima emva kokutya ukutya okanye iziphuzo ezine-sulfites.

Kubalulekile ukugcina uqokelela ulwazi malunga nokhuseleko lwezongezo zokutya. Xela naziphi na iimpendulo onazo ekutyeni okanye kwizongezo zokutya kwiZiko le-FDA loKhuseleko loKutya kunye ne-Applied Nutrition (CFSAN). Ulwazi malunga nokunika ingxelo ngempendulo luyafumaneka apha www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/OfficeofFoods/CFSAN/ContactCFSAN/default.htm.

I-FDA kunye neSebe lezoLimo lase-United States (i-USDA) bajonge kwaye balawula ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo kwimveliso yokutya ethengiswa e-United States. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanezidlo ezikhethekileyo okanye ukunganyamezelani kufuneka balumke xa bekhetha ukuba zeziphi iimveliso abazakuzithenga.

Izongezo ekutyeni; Iincasa ezingezizo kunye nombala

UAronons JK. I-Glutamic acid kunye ne-glutamates. Ku: Aronson JK, ed. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zikaMeyler zeziyobisi. Ngomhla we-16. I-Waltham, MA: Elsevier BV ;; Ngo-2016: 557-558.

UBush RK, uBaumert JL, uTaylor SL. Ukuphendula kukutya kunye nezongezo zeziyobisi. Ku: IBurks AW, iHolgate ST, u-O'Hehir RE okqhubekayo, ii-eds. I-Middleton's Allergy: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 80.

IBhunga laMazwe ngaMazwe loLwazi lokutya (IFIC) kunye noLawulo lwezoKutya noLawulo lweziyobisi e-US (FDA) Izithako zokutya kunye nemibala. www.fda.gov/media/73811/ khuphela. Ukuhlaziywa ngoNovemba, 2014. Ufikeleleke ngo-Epreli 06, 2020.