Ityhefu yesodium hayidroksayidi

Isodiyam hayidroksayidi yimichiza eyomelele kakhulu. Kwakhona kwaziwa ngokuba yi-lye kunye ne-caustic soda. Eli nqaku lixoxa ngetyhefu ekuchukumiseni, ekuphefumuleni (ukusezela), okanye ekugingeni i-sodium hydroxide.

Olu lwazi kuphela kwaye alusebenziswanga kunyango okanye kulawulo lokuvezwa kwetyhefu. Ukuba unobungozi, kufuneka ufowunele inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911) okanye iZiko loLawulo lweTyhefu ku-1-800-222-1222.

Isodiyam hayidroksayidi

Isodiyam hayidroksayidi ifumaneka kwizinyibilikisi ezininzi nakwizinto zokucoca, kubandakanya iimveliso zokuhluba imigangatho, ukucoca izitena, iisamente, kunye nezinye ezininzi.

Inokufumaneka nakwimveliso ethile yasekhaya, kubandakanya:

• Iimveliso ze-Aquarium
• Amacwecwe ekliniki
• Ukucoca amanzi
• Izinto zokulungisa iinwele
• Ipolishi yentsimbi
• Ukucoca isitya

Ezinye iimveliso zine-sodium hydroxide.

Apha ngezantsi ziimpawu zetyhefu yehydroxide yetyhefu okanye ukubonakaliswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

IINDLELA NEEMPANGO

• Ukuphefumla ubunzima (ukusuka kwi-inhaling sodium hydroxide)
• Ukudumba kwemiphunga
• Ukuthimla
• Ukudumba komqala (kunokubangela nobunzima bokuphefumla)

U-ESOPHAGUS, AMAThumbu, kunye nesisu

• Igazi esitulweni
• Ukutsha komqala (umbhobho wokutya) kunye nesisu
• Urhudo
• Iintlungu ezinzima zesisu
• Ukuhlanza, mhlawumbi kunegazi

AMEHLO, IINDlebe, iimpumlo, nomqala

• Ukutsala amathe
• Intlungu ebuhlungu emqaleni
• Intlungu ebukhali okanye ukutshisa empumlweni, amehlo, iindlebe, imilebe, okanye ulwimi
• Ukulahleka kombono

INTLIZIYO NEGAZI

• Ukuwa
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (lukhula ngokukhawuleza)
• Utshintsho olukhulu kwigazi pH (kakhulu okanye iasidi encinci egazini)
• Umothuko

ULusu

• Ukutsha
• Imihlathi
• Ukucaphuka
• Imingxunya kulusu okanye kwithishu ephantsi kolusu

Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. SUKWENZE umntu aphose ngaphandle kokuba ulawulwa yityhefu okanye ngumboneleli wezempilo oxelela ukuba wenze njalo.

Ukuba imichiza isesikhumbeni okanye emehlweni, coca amanzi amaninzi ubuncinci imizuzu eli-15.

Ukuba imichiza iginyiwe, mnike amanzi okanye ubisi kwangoko, ngaphandle kokuba umboneleli ukuxelele into eyahlukileyo. Kwakhona, UNGANIKI amanzi okanye ubisi ukuba umntu uneempawu ezenza ukuba kube nzima ukuginya (njengokugabha, ukuxhuzula, okanye ukunciphisa ukuphaphama).

Ukuba umntu uphefumle ityhefu, mshukumisele kumoya omtsha ngoko nangoko.

Ngaba olu lwazi lukulungele:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko
• Igama lemveliso (izithako kunye namandla xa kusaziwa)
• Ixesha lokuginywa
• Isixa siginyiwe

Iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wasimahla kwiNombolo yoNcedo (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States. Inombolo yomnxeba iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Thatha isikhongozeli esiqulathe ihydroxide yesodium ukuya nawe esibhedlele, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Umboneleli uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Iimpawu ziya kunyangwa.

Unyango luxhomekeke kwindlela eyityhefu eyenzeke ngayo. Iyeza leentlungu liya kunikwa. Olunye unyango lunokunikwa.

Kwityhefu eginyekileyo, umntu unokufumana:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi.
• I-x-ray yesifuba.
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo).
• Endoscopy. Ukubekwa kwekhamera ezantsi emqaleni ukubona ubungakanani botshiso kwi-esophagus nakwisisu.
• Ulwelo olungena ngaphakathi (IV, ulwelo olunikezwa ngomthambo).
• Amayeza okunyanga iimpawu.

Ityhefu ephefumlelweyo, umntu unokufumana:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi.
• Inkxaso yokuphefumla, kubandakanya ioksijini kunye netyhubhu ngomlomo okanye ngempumlo emiphungeni.
• Bronchoscopy. Ikhamera ibekwe ezantsi emqaleni ukubona ukutsha kwiindlela zomoya kunye nemiphunga.
• I-x-ray yesifuba.
• Ulwelo olungena ngaphakathi (IV, ulwelo olunikezwa ngomthambo).
• Amayeza okunyanga iimpawu.

Ukuvezwa kolusu, umntu unokufumana:

• Unkcenkceshelo (ukuhlamba ulusu). Mhlawumbi rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwiintsuku ezininzi.
• Ukususwa kolusu (ukususwa ngotyando kwesikhumba esitshisiweyo).
• Amafutha asetyenziswa eluswini.

Ukuvezwa kwamehlo, umntu unokufumana:

• Ukunkcenkceshela okuninzi ukukhupha iliso
• Amayeza

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke ekukhawuleziseni ityhefu kwaye inyanzeliswe. Umonakalo omkhulu emlonyeni, emqaleni, emehlweni, emiphungeni, kwisisu, empumlweni nasesiswini kunokwenzeka.

Iziphumo zexesha elide zixhomekeke kubungakanani balo monakalo. Ukonakaliswa kwesisu kunye nesisu kuyaqhubeka ukwenzeka kangangeeveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba ityhefu iginyiwe. Ukufa kunokwenzeka emva kwenyanga kamva.

Gcina zonke iityhefu kwisikhongozeli sabo santlandlolo okanye esingangenisi bantwana, iilebhile ezibonakalayo, kwaye zingafumaneki ebantwaneni.

Lye ityhefu; Ityhefu yesoda

I-arhente yeZinto ezinobungozi kunye neRejista yezifo (ATSDR) iwebhusayithi. IAtlanta, GA: Isebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu, iiNkonzo zeMpilo kaRhulumente. Izikhokelo zoLawulo lwezoNyango zeSodium Hydroxide (NaOH). wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=246&toxid=45. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Okthobha 21, 2014. Kufikeleleke ngoMeyi 14, 2019.

IHoyte C. Caustics. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 148.

UTomas SHL. Ityhefu. Ku: Ralston SH, ID Penman, Strachan MWJ, Hobson RP, ii-eds. Imigaqo kaDavidson kunye nokuSebenza kweyeza. Umhla we-23. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 7.