Ityhefu yemveliso echasene nomhlwa

Ityhefu yokuthintela umhlwa yenzeka xa umntu ephefumla okanye eginya iimveliso ezichasene nomhlwa. Ezi mveliso zinokuphefumlelwa ngengozi (ziphefumlelwe) ukuba zisetyenziswe kwindawo encinci, engenamoya ungako, njengegaraji.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. SUKUYISETYENZISE ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwetyhefu uqobo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye unobungozi, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba woncedo wasimahla weTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) ) naphi na eUnited States.

Izinto zokulwa nerusi ziqulathe izinto ezinetyhefu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya:

• Iiarhente zokuHamba
• IiHydrocarbon
• Ihydrochloric acid
• AmaNitriti
• I-oxalic acid
• I-Phosphoric acid

Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zokulwa nerusi

Ityhefu yokuthintela umhlwa kwimveliso inokubangela iimpawu kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba.

AMEHLO, IINDlebe, iimpumlo, nomqala

• Ukuphulukana nombono
• Intlungu ebuhlungu emqaleni
• Intlungu ebukhali okanye ukutshisa empumlweni, amehlo, iindlebe, imilebe, okanye ulwimi

INKQUBO YE-GASTROINTESTINAL

• Igazi esitulweni
• Ukutsha komqala (umqala)
• Iintlungu ezinzima zesisu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukuphalaza igazi

INTLIZIYO NEGAZI

• Ukuwa
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• I-Methemoglobinemia (igazi elimnyama kakhulu kwiiseli ezibomvu ezingaqhelekanga)
• I-asidi eninzi okanye incinci egazini, ekhokelela kumonakalo kuwo onke amalungu omzimba

IINTSHINTSHO

• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso

Uninzi lweziphumo eziyingozi kakhulu zetyhefu evela kwiimveliso ezichasene nerusi zivela ekuphefumleni le nto.

AMANDLA NEENDLELA

• Ukuphefumla ubunzima
• Ukudumba komqala (kunokubangela nobunzima bokuphefumla)
• Isifuba
• Imichiza pneumonitis
• Usuleleko lwebhaktiriya okanye usulelo lwentsholongwane
• I-edema ye-pulmonary edema
• Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla okanye ukusilela
• Pneumothorax
• Ukuchithwa kwendalo
• Empyema

INKQUBO YENKONZO

• Ukuphazamiseka
• Coma
• Ukudideka
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Ukulungelelaniswa
• Ubuthathaka
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Umbono omfiliba
• Ubuthathaka
• Umonakalo wobuchopho kwinqanaba eliphantsi leoksijini

ULusu

• Ukutsha
• Ukucaphuka
• Imingxunya (necrosis) kulusu okanye kwizicwili ezingaphantsi

Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. SUKWENZE umntu aphose ngaphandle kokuba axelelwe liziko leetyhefu okanye ingcali yezempilo.

Ukuba imichiza iye yaginywa, khawuleza unike umntu amanzi okanye ubisi, ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe ngenye indlela ngumboneleli wezempilo. SUKUNIKE amanzi okanye ubisi ukuba umntu uneempawu (ezinjengokugabha, ukuxhuzula, okanye izinga lokuphaphela) elenza kubenzima ukuginya.

Ukuba umntu uphefumle le tyhefu, msuse kwangoko loo mntu uye kumoya omtsha.

Fumana olu lwazi lulandelayo:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko
• Igama lemveliso (izithako kunye namandla, ukuba kuyaziwa)
• Ixesha laliginyiwe
• Isixa siginyiwe

Iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yasimahla kuTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na e-United States. Le nombolo yesizwe iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwiityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Umboneleli uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni imiqondiso yakho ebalulekileyo, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Iimpawu ziya kuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo. Unokufumana:

• Inkxaso yokuphefumla, kubandakanya ityhubhu ngomlomo nasemiphungeni, edityaniswe kumatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)
• I-Bronchoscopy - ikhamera encinci ezantsi emqaleni ukubona ukutsha kwindlela yomoya kunye nemiphunga
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• I-Endoscopy - ikhamera encinci ezantsi emqaleni ukuze ibone ukutsha kwi-esophagus nakwisisu
• Ulwelo ngomthambo (ngo-IV)
• I-Methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - iyeza lokuguqula isiphumo setyhefu
• Ukususwa kotyando kolusu olutshisiweyo (ukomisa ulusu)
• Tube ngomlomo ungene esiswini ukuze uhlambe isisu (ukuhlamba isisu)
• Ukuhlamba ulusu (ukunkcenkceshela), mhlawumbi rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwiintsuku ezininzi

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke kubungakanani betyhefu aginye kunye nendlela unyango olukhawulezileyo olufunyanwa ngayo. Ngokukhawuleza umntu ufumana uncedo lwezonyango, ngcono ithuba lokufumana kwakhona.

Ukuginya ezo tyhefu kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kumalungu amaninzi omzimba. Umonakalo uyaqhubeka ukwenzeka kwizintso, isibindi, umqala kunye nesisu kangangeeveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba into iginyiwe. Isiphumo sixhomekeke kulo monakalo.

IBlanc PD. Iimpendulo eziqinisekileyo kukuvezwa okunetyhefu. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 75.

IHoyte C. Caustics. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 148.

Iibhola zeTibballs J. Ityhefu yabantwana kunye ne-envenomation. Ku: Bersten AD, Handy JM, ii-eds. Incwadana yoKhathalelo oluKhulu. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 114.