Ileukemia eyiLymphocytic Acute (BONKE)

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu ZONKE?
• Zithini izizathu ZONKE?
• Yeyiphi imingcipheko kubo BONKE?
• Ukuvezwa kwemitha
• Ukuboniswa kweMichiza
• Usulelo lwentsholongwane
• Ii-syndromes ezizuzwe njengelifa
• Uhlanga kunye nesondo
• Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi
• SONKE sifunyaniswa njani?
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Umnqweno wethambo
• Ukujonga iimvavanyo
• Olunye uvavanyo
• Baphathwa njani BONKE?
• Yintoni inqanaba lokusinda BONKE?
• Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu BONKE?
• Ithintelwe njani YONKE?

Yintoni i-acute lymphocytic leukemia (BONKE)?

I-leukemia ye-lymphocytic Acute (YONKE) ngumhlaza wegazi kunye nomongo wethambo. KONKE, kukho ukwanda kohlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi (WBC) eyaziwa njenge-lymphocyte. Ngenxa yokuba sisifo somhlaza esibuhlungu, okanye esihlaselayo, sihamba ngokukhawuleza.

BONKE ngowona mhlaza uqhelekileyo wabantwana. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu banomngcipheko omkhulu. Inokwenzeka nakwabantu abadala.

Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zazo ZONKE, B-iseli ZONKE kunye neT-cell ZONKE. Uninzi lweentlobo ZONKE zinokunyangwa ngamathuba amahle okuxolelwa kubantwana. Abantu abadala abanazo BONKE abanalo izinga eliphezulu lokuxolelwa, kodwa kuya kuphucula ngokuthe ngcembe.

IZiko leSizwe loMhlaza (i-NCI) ​​liqikelela ukuba ngabantu abayi-5,960 eUnited States abaya kufumana uxilongo BONKE ngo-2018.

Ziintoni iimpawu ZONKE?

UKUBA NONKE kukonyusa amathuba akho wokopha kunye nokukhula kosulelo. Iimpawu kunye neempawu ZONKE zinokubandakanya:

• ubumhlophe (ubunyulu)
• ukopha kwiintsini
• umkhuhlane
• imivimbo okanye i-purpura (ukuphuma ngaphakathi kolusu)
• I-petechiae (amabala abomvu okanye amfusa emzimbeni)
• i-lymphadenopathy (ebonakaliswa zii-lymph node ezandisiweyo entanyeni, phantsi kweengalo, okanye kwingingqi ye-groin)
• isibindi esandisiweyo
• ipeni eyandisiweyo
• iintlungu zethambo
• intlungu edibeneyo
• ubuthathaka
• ukudinwa
• ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
• ukwandiswa kwamatyhalarha
• i-cranial palsies yenyani

Zithini izizathu ZONKE?

Izizathu ZONKE azikaziwa.

Yeyiphi imingcipheko kubo BONKE?

Nangona oogqirha bengekazazi izizathu ezithile ZONKE, bachonge iimeko ezimbalwa zomngcipheko wale meko.

Ukuvezwa kwemitha

Abantu abaye bavezwa ngamanqanaba aphezulu emitha, njengabo basindileyo kwingozi yenyukliya, babonakalise umngcipheko owandayo kubo BONKE.

Ngokwe-1994, abantu baseJapan abasinda kwibhombu yeatom kwiMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi babenomngcipheko owonyukayo weleukemia emva kweminyaka emithandathu ukuya kwesibhozo. Uphononongo olulandelayo lwango-2013 lomeleze unxibelelwano phakathi kokuvezwa kwebhombu yeatom kunye nomngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-leukemia.

Izifundo ezenziwa nge-1950s zabonisa ukuba iimveku ezingekho mthethweni, ezifana nee-X-ray, kwiinyanga zokuqala zophuhliso zibonisa umngcipheko owandayo WONKE. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo zamva nje zisilele ukuphindaphinda ezi ziphumo.

Kwakhona qaphela umngcipheko wokungafumani iX-reyi efunekayo, naxa ukhulelwe, unokudlula kuyo nayiphi na ingozi evela kwimitha. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nayiphi na inkxalabo onayo.

Ukuboniswa kweMichiza

Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwiikhemikhali ezithile, ezinje nge-benzene okanye i-chemotherapy drug, kuyangqinelana kakhulu nokuphuhliswa KWONKE.

Ezinye iziyobisi ze-chemotherapy zinokubangela umhlaza wesibini. Ukuba umntu unomhlaza wesibini, oko kuthetha ukuba wafunyaniswa ukuba unomdlavuza kwaye, emva koko, waba nomhlaza owahlukileyo nongadibananga.

Ezinye iziyobisi ze-chemo zingakubeka emngciphekweni wokuphuhlisa ZONKE njengomhlaza wesibini. Nangona kunjalo, i-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) kunokwenzeka ukuba ikhule njengomhlaza wesibini kunabo BONKE.

Ukuba uhlakulela umhlaza wesibini, wena kunye nogqirha uya kusebenza kwisicwangciso sonyango esitsha.

Usulelo lwentsholongwane

Uphononongo lwango-2010 lwathi iintsholongwane ezosulelayo zayanyaniswa nomngcipheko owandileyo WONKE.

Iiseli ze-T ziluhlobo oluthile lwe-WBC. Ukungenelela kwintsholongwane ye-T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) kunokubangela uhlobo olunqabileyo lwe-T-cell YONKE.

Intsholongwane kaEpstein-Barr (EBV), edla ngokuba noxanduva lwesifo esosulelayo i-mononucleosis, iye yanxulunyaniswa ne-BONKE kunye neBurkitt's lymphoma.

Ii-syndromes ezizuzwe njengelifa

BONKE akubonakali ngathi sisifo esizuzwe njengelifa. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye ii-syndromes ezizuzwe njengelifa zikhona kunye notshintsho kwimfuzo oluphakamisa umngcipheko WONKE. Ziquka:

• Isifo esiphantsi
• Isifo seKlinefelter
• I-Fanconi anemia
• Isifo seBloom
• ataxia-telangiectasia
• neurofibromatosis

Abantu abanabantakwabo kunye nabo BONKE bakwangumngcipheko okonyukayo kwesi sifo.

Uhlanga kunye nesondo

Abanye abantu banomngcipheko ophezulu kubo BONKE, nangona lo mahluko umngcipheko ungekaqondwa kakuhle. I-Hispanics kunye ne-Caucasians zibonise umngcipheko ophezulu kubo bonke abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika. Amadoda anomngcipheko ophezulu kunabantu ababhinqileyo.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi

Iingcali ziye zafunda ezi zinto zilandelayo njengezona zinokwenzeka ekuphuhliseni ZONKE:

• ukutshaya icuba
• Ukuchaphazeleka ixesha elide kwipetroli
• ipetroli
• izitshabalalisi
• imihlaba ye-electromagnetic

SONKE sifunyaniswa njani?

Ugqirha wakho kufuneka agqibe uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba kwaye aqhube uvavanyo lomongo wegazi kunye nethambo ukufumanisa ukuba BONKE. Banokubuza malunga nentlungu yethambo, kuba yenye yeempawu zokuqala ZONKE.

Nazi ezinye zeemvavanyo ezinokubakho zokuchonga onokuzifuna:

Uvavanyo lwegazi

Ugqirha unokuyalela ubalo lwegazi. Abantu abanabo BONKE banokuba nenani legazi elibonisa i-hemoglobin ephantsi kunye nenani eliphantsi leplatelet. Inani labo le-WBC linakho okanye linganyuswa.

I-smear yegazi ingabonisa iiseli ezingafakwanga ezijikeleza egazini, ezifumaneka kumongo wethambo.

Umnqweno wethambo

Umnqweno wamathambo kubandakanya ukuthatha isampulu yomongo wethambo kwi-pelvis yakho okanye ithambo lesifuba. Inika indlela yokuvavanya ukukhula okwandayo kwimisipha yomongo kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemveliso yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ikwavumela ugqirha wakho ukuba avavanye idysplasia. I-Dysplasia luphuhliso olungaqhelekanga lweeseli ezingafakwanga kubukho be-leukocytosis (ukwanda kwenani le-WBC).

Ukujonga iimvavanyo

I-X-ray yesifuba inokuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ukuba ngaba i-mediastinum, okanye isahlulelo esiphakathi esifubeni sakho, sandisiwe.

Ukuskena i-CT kunceda ugqirha wakho abone ukuba umhlaza sele usasazekile na kwingqondo yakho, umnqonqo, okanye amanye amalungu omzimba wakho.

Olunye uvavanyo

Impompo yomqolo isetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuba ngaba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazekile kulwelo lwakho lomqolo. I-electrocardiogram (EKG) kunye ne-echocardiogram yentliziyo yakho inokwenziwa ukujonga ukusebenza kwekhohlo kwekhohlo.

Uvavanyo lwe-serum urea kunye nokusebenza kwezintso kunye nesibindi nako kunokwenziwa.

Baphathwa njani BONKE?

Unyango lwazo ZONKE iinjongo zokubuyisela ubalo lwegazi lakho kwesiqhelo. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka kwaye umongo wakho wethambo ubonakala uqhelekile phantsi kwemicroscope, umhlaza wakho uxolelo.

I-Chemotherapy isetyenziselwa ukunyanga olu hlobo lwegazi.Kunyango lokuqala, kungafuneka uhlale esibhedlele iiveki ezimbalwa. Emva kwexesha, unokuqhubeka nonyango njengesigulana esingaphandle.

Kwimeko apho une-WBC count esezantsi, kuya kufuneka uchithe ixesha kwigumbi elizimeleyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuselekile kwizifo ezosulelayo kunye nezinye iingxaki.

Umongo wethambo okanye ukufakelwa kweseli ye-stem kunokucetyiswa ukuba i-leukemia yakho ayiphenduli kwi-chemotherapy. Umongo omiselweyo ungathathwa kumntakwenu ongumdlalo opheleleyo.

Yintoni inqanaba lokusinda BONKE?

Kuma-6,000 abantu baseMelika abafumana uxilongo BONKE ngo-2018, iAmerican Cancer Society iqikelela ukuba i-3,290 iya kuba yindoda kwaye i-2,670 iya kuba libhinqa.

I-NCI iqikelela ukuba BONKE kuya kukhokelela ekuswelekeni kwabantu abayi-1,470 ngo-2018. Malunga nokufa kwabantu abangama-830 kulindeleke ukuba kwenzeke emadodeni, kwaye ukufa kwabantu abangama-640 kulindeleke ukuba kwenzeke kubantu basetyhini.

Nangona iimeko ezininzi ZONKE zivela kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo, malunga neepesenti ezingama-85 zokufa ziya kwenzeka kubantu abadala, uqikelelo lwe-NCI. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana bangcono kunabantu abadala ekunyamezeleni unyango olunobukrakra.

Nge-NCI nganye, iminyaka emihlanu yokusinda kwabantu baseMelika bayo yonke iminyaka ngama-68.1 epesenti. Inqanaba lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu labantwana baseMelika lijikelezile.

Yintoni imbonakalo yabantu BONKE?

Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto zichonga imbonakalo yomntu. Babandakanya ubudala, ZONKE i-subtype, ukubala kwe-WBC, nokuba ingaba ZONKE ziye zasasazeka kwizitho ezikufutshane okanye kwi-fluid ye-cerebrospinal.

Amanqanaba okusinda kubantu abadala awaphakamanga njengamazinga okusinda abantwana, kodwa ayenyuka ngokuthe chu.

Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, phakathi kwama-80 nama-90 ekhulwini abantu abadala abanabo BONKE baya kuxolelo. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nesiqingatha sabo bayayibona leukemia yabo ibuya. Baqaphela inqanaba lokunyanga ngokubanzi kubantu abadala abane-40%. Umntu omdala uthathwa ngokuba "uphilisiwe" ukuba baye baxolelwa iminyaka emihlanu.

Abantwana BONKE bame ithuba elihle lokunyangwa.

Ithintelwe njani YONKE?

Akukho sizathu siqinisekisiweyo SONKE. Nangona kunjalo, unokuyiphepha imingcipheko emininzi kuyo, enje:

• Ukuvezwa kwemitha
• ukubonakaliswa kwemichiza
• ukubonakaliswa kukosuleleka kwintsholongwane
• ukutshaya icuba

Ukuchaphazeleka ixesha elide kwidizili, ipetroli, izibulali zinambuzane, kunye nomhlaba wombane