Ityhefu yekhlorini

I-klorine yikhemikhali ethintela iintsholongwane ekukhuleni. Ityhefu yeklorin yenzeka xa umntu eginya okanye ephefumla (inhales) iklorin.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. SUKUYISETYENZISE ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwetyhefu uqobo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-exposure, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

I-klorine iphendula ngamanzi nangaphandle komzimba ukwenza i-hydrochloric acid kunye ne-acid ye-hypochlorous. Zombini zinetyhefu egqithisileyo.

I-klorine ikhona kwi:

• Irhasi ikhutshwe xa uxuba iblitshi kunye nezinye zeemveliso zokucoca umgubo kunye neammonia (igesi yekloramine)
• Irhasi ekhutshiweyo xa kuvulwa isikhongozeli somzi mveliso esigcweleyo samacwecwe eklorine ahleli iinyanga ezininzi (umzekelo, ukuvulwa kokuqala kwesikhongozeli emva kokuba iphuli ivaliwe bonke ubusika)
• Abacoci abanobulali
• Ezinye iimveliso zeblitshi
• Amanzi okubhukuda (kunye namacwecwe asetyenziswa emanzini okubhukuda)

Qaphela: Olu luhlu alunakubandakanya konke ukusetyenziswa kunye nemithombo yeklorine.

Ityhefu yekhlorini inokubangela iimpawu kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba:

IINDLELA NEEMPANGO

• Ukuphefumla ubunzima (ngokuphefumla kwi-chlorine)
• Ukudumba komqala (kunokubangela nobunzima bokuphefumla)
• Amanzi azalisa imiphunga (i-edema yemiphunga)

IGAZI

• Utshintsho olukhulu kumgangatho weasidi yegazi (pH balance), ekhokelela ekonakaleni kuwo onke amalungu omzimba

AMEHLO, IINDlebe, iimpumlo, nomqala

• Ukuphulukana nombono
• Intlungu ebuhlungu emqaleni
• Intlungu ebukhali okanye ukutshisa empumlweni, amehlo, iindlebe, imilebe, okanye ulwimi

INKQUBO YE-GASTROINTESTINAL

• Igazi esitulweni
• Ukutshiswa kombhobho wokutya (umqala)
• Iintlungu ezinzima zesisu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukuphalaza igazi

IINTLIZIYO ZENTLIZIYO NEGAZI

• Ukuwa
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezantsi olukhula ngokukhawuleza (ukothuka)

ULusu

• Ukutsha
• Imingxunya (necrosis) kulusu okanye kwizicwili ezingaphantsi
• Ukucaphuka

Funa uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. SUKWENZE umntu aphose ngaphandle kokuba axelelwe liziko leetyhefu okanye ngumboneleli ngempilo.

Ukuba imichiza isesikhumbeni okanye emehlweni, coca amanzi amaninzi ubuncinci imizuzu eli-15.

Ukuba imichiza iye yaginywa, khawuleza unike umntu amanzi okanye ubisi, ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe ngenye indlela ngumboneleli. SUKUNIKE amanzi okanye ubisi ukuba isiguli sineempawu (ezinjengokugabha, ukuxhuzula, okanye inqanaba lokuncipha) elenza kube nzima ukuginya.

Ukuba umntu uphefumle le tyhefu, msuse kwangoko loo mntu uye kumoya omtsha.

Fumana olu lwazi lulandelayo:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko
• Igama lemveliso (kunye nezithako kunye namandla, ukuba kuyaziwa)
• Ixesha laliginyiwe
• Isixa siginyiwe

Iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yasimahla kuTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na e-United States. Inombolo yomnxeba kazwelonke iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwiityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Umboneleli uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Iimpawu ziya kuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo. Umntu angafumana:

• Inkxaso yokuphefumla, kubandakanya ioksijini ehanjiswa ngetyhubhu ngomlomo uye emiphungeni, kunye nomatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)
• I-Bronchoscopy-ikhamera ezantsi komqala ukujonga ukutsha kwi-airways nasemiphungeni
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• ECG (ukulandelwa kwentliziyo)
• Ikhamera ye-Endoscopy ezantsi emqaleni ukujonga ukutsha kwi-esophagus nakwisisu
• Ulwelo ngomthambo (ngo-IV)
• Iyeza lokuguqula isiphumo setyhefu kunye nokunyanga iimpawu
• Ukususwa kotyando kolusu olutshisiweyo (ukomisa ulusu)
• Tube ngomlomo ungene esiswini ukukhupha (ukumunca) isisu. Oku kwenziwa kuphela xa umntu efumana unyango phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-45 yetyhefu, kwaye isixa esikhulu kakhulu seklorin siginyiwe.
• Ukuhlamba ulusu (ukunkcenkceshela) - mhlawumbi rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwiintsuku ezininzi

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke kubungakanani betyhefu aginye kunye nendlela unyango olukhawulezileyo olufunyanwa ngayo. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba umntu afumane uncedo lwezonyango, ngcono ithuba lokufumana kwakhona.

Ukuginya ezo tyhefu kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kumalungu amaninzi omzimba. Ukutshiswa kwindlela yomoya okanye ithumbu lesisu kungakhokelela ekufeni kwethishu. Oku kunokubangela usulelo, ukothuka kunye nokufa, kwaneenyanga ezininzi emva kokuba into leyo iginyiwe. Izicubu ezinqabileyo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo zingakhokelela kwiingxaki zexesha elide ngokuphefumla, ukugwinya kunye nokwetyisa.

I-arhente yeZinto ezinobungozi kunye neRejista yezifo (ATSDR) iwebhusayithi. ISebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neenkonzo zoLuntu, iNkonzo yezeMpilo yoLuntu. Iprofayile enetyhefu yeklorine. wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/substances/ToxSubstance.aspx?toxid=36. Ukuhlaziywa kweSeptemba 26, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoNovemba 6, 2019.

IBlanc PD. Iimpendulo eziqinisekileyo kukuvezwa okunetyhefu. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 75.

IHoyte C. Caustics. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: Iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neKlinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 148.

Ulevine MD. Ukulimala kwamachiza. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 57.