Ityhefu yokubulala izinambuzane

Isibulali zinambuzane yimichiza ebulala iincukuthu. Ityhefu yokubulala izinambuzane yenzeka xa umntu eginya okanye ephefumla kule nto okanye ifunxwe eluswini.

Eli nqaku lelolwazi kuphela. SUKUYISETYENZISE ukunyanga okanye ukulawula ukubonakaliswa kwetyhefu uqobo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu onaye une-exposure, fowunela inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911), okanye iziko lakho lendawo yetyhefu linokufikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yasimahla yoNcedo lweTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na eUnited States.

Uninzi lwezitshizi zebug ekhaya zineekhemikhali ezenziwe zizityalo ezibizwa ngokuba ziipyrethrins. Ezi khemikhali zazikhethwe zodwa kwiintyatyambo zechrysanthemum kwaye ngokubanzi aziyongozi. Nangona kunjalo, banokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla ezisongela ubomi ukuba baphefumlelwe ngaphakathi.

Izibulala-zinambuzane ezinamandla, ezinokuthi zisebenzise indlu eluhlaza eluhlaza okanye umntu anokuyigcina kwigaraji yazo, inezinto ezininzi eziyingozi. Oku kubandakanya:

• IiCarbamates
• Organophosphates
• Iparadichlorobenzenes (iibhokhwe zebhola)

Amayeza okubulala izinambuzane ahlukeneyo aneekhemikhali.

Apha ngezantsi kukho iimpawu zetyhefu yokubulala izinambuzane kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

Iimpawu zetyhefu yepyrethrin:

AMANDLA NEENDLELA

• Ukuphefumla ubunzima

INKQUBO YENKONZO

• I-Coma (ukwehla kwenqanaba lokuqonda kunye nokusilela ekuphenduleni)
• Ukuxhuzula

ULusu

• Ukucaphuka
• Ubomvu okanye ukudumba

Iimpawu ze-organophosphate okanye i-carbamate poisoning:

INTLIZIYO NEGAZI

• Ukubetha kwentliziyo kancinci

AMANDLA NEENDLELA

• Ukuphefumla ubunzima
• Ukukhawuleza

INKQUBO YENKONZO

• Ixhala
• I-Coma (ukwehla kwenqanaba lokuqonda kunye nokusilela ekuphenduleni)
• Ukuxhuzula (ukuxhuzula)
• Ukuba nesiyezi
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ubuthathaka

I-bladder kunye neenyawo

• Ukwanda komchamo

AMEHLO, IINDlebe, iimpumlo, nomqala

• Ukurhawuzelela ukwanda kwamathe
• Ukonyusa iinyembezi emehlweni
• Abafundi abancinci

ISisu kunye namathumbu

• Iintlanzi zesisu
• Urhudo
• Ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha

ULusu

• Imilebe enemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye neenzipho

Qaphela: Ityhefu enzulu inokwenzeka ukuba i-organophosphate ifika kulusu lwakho olungenanto okanye ukuba awuhlambi isikhumba sakho nje emva kokuba sifikile kuwe. Izixa ezikhulu zemichiza zifunxa eluswini ngaphandle kokuba ukhuselekile. Ukukhubazeka okusongela ubomi kunye nokufa kunokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Iimpawu zetyhefu yeparadichlorobenzene:

ISisu kunye namathumbu

• Urhudo
• Intlungu zesisu
• Isicaphucaphu nokugabha

KOMSIba

• Ukudumba kwezihlunu

Qaphela: Iparadichlorobenzene mothballs ayinetyhefu. Bathathe indawo yecamphor enetyhefu kunye neendidi ze-naphthalene.

Fumana uncedo lwezonyango kwangoko. SUKUYENZE loo mntu ayilahle ngaphandle kokuba ulawula ityhefu okanye umniki-nkonzo akuyalela.

Ukuba imichiza isesikhumbeni okanye emehlweni, coca amanzi amaninzi ubuncinci imizuzu eli-15.

Ukuba umntu uphefumle ityhefu, mshukumisele kumoya omtsha ngoko nangoko.

Ngaba olu lwazi lukulungele:

• Ubudala bomntu, ubunzima, kunye nemeko
• Igama lemveliso (izithako kunye namandla, ukuba kuyaziwa)
• Ixesha laliginyiwe
• Isixa siginyiwe

Iziko lakho lokulawula ityhefu lingafikelelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokutsalela umnxeba wenombolo yasimahla yasimahla kuTyhefu (1-800-222-1222) naphi na e-United States. Le nombolo yesizwe iya kukuvumela ukuba uthethe neengcali kwiityhefu. Baza kukunika eminye imiyalelo.

Le yinkonzo yasimahla neyimfihlo. Onke amaziko olawulo lwetyhefu aseMelika asebenzisa le nombolo yesizwe. Kuya kufuneka ubize ukuba unemibuzo malunga netyhefu okanye ukuthintela ityhefu. AKUFUNI ukuba ibe yingxakeko. Ungatsalela umnxeba nangasiphi na isizathu, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki.

Thatha isikhongozeli uhambe naso esibhedlele, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Umboneleli uya kulinganisa kwaye abeke esweni iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zomntu, kubandakanya iqondo lobushushu, ukubetha kwentliziyo, inqanaba lokuphefumla, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nomchamo
• I-Bronchoscopy-ikhamera ezantsi komqala ukujonga ukutsha kwi-airways nasemiphungeni
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• ECG (electrocardiogram), okanye ukulandelwa kwentliziyo
• Ikhamera ye-Endoscopy ezantsi emqaleni ukujonga ukutsha kwi-esophagus nakwisisu

Unyango lunokubandakanya:

• IiFluids nge-IV (ngokusebenzisa umthambo)
• Iyeza lokunyanga iimpawu
• Tube ngomlomo ungene esiswini ukukhupha isisu (ukuhlamba isisu)
• Ukuhlamba ulusu (ukunkcenkceshela), mhlawumbi rhoqo kwiiyure ezimbalwa kwiintsuku ezininzi
• Utyando lokususa isikhumba esitshisiweyo
• Ukuxhasa ukuphefumla, kubandakanya ityhubhu ngomlomo ukuya emiphungeni kwaye uqhagamshele kumatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator)

Ukusebenza kakuhle komntu kuxhomekeke ekubeni ityhefu kangakanani na kwaye unyango lufumaneka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Uncedo olukhawulezileyo lwezonyango lunikwa, ngcono ithuba lokuchacha. Ukuginya ezi tyhefu kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kumalungu amaninzi omzimba.

Kungumqondiso olungileyo wokuba ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kuya kwenzeka ukuba umntu uyaqhubeka nokuphucula kwiiyure zokuqala ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kokuba efumene unyango.

Nangona iimpawu ziyafana zetyhefu ye-carbamate kunye ne-organophosphate, kunzima ukufumana kwakhona emva kwetyhefu ye-organophosphate.

Ityhefu Organophosphate; Ityhefu yeCarbamate

ICannon RD, iRuha AM. Inambuzane, iyeza zokubulala iintsholongwane, kunye neempuku. Ku: Adams JG, ed. Amayeza kaxakeka. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2013: isahluko 146.

UWelker K, uThompson TM. Amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 152.