Ukwakhiwa kwentloko kunye nobuso

Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kweNtloko nobuso kukuhlinzwa okanye ukulungisa kwakhona ukubola kwentloko nobuso (i-craniofacial).

Njani utyando lwentloko kunye nobuso bokukhubazeka (ukwenziwa kwakhona kwe-craniofacial) kwenziwa kuxhomekeke kuhlobo nobukrakra bokukhubazeka, kunye nemeko yomntu. Ixesha lonyango lolu tyando kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-craniofacial.

Ukulungiswa kotyando kubandakanya ukakayi (cranium), ingqondo, imithambo-luvo, amehlo, kunye namathambo kunye nolusu lobuso. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha weplastikhi (wolusu nobuso) kunye neurosurgeon (ingqondo kunye nemithambo-luvo) basebenza kunye. Intloko kunye nentamo yotyando nayo yenza imisebenzi yokwakha kwakhona i-craniofacial.

Olu tyando lwenziwa ngelixa ulele ubuthongo obungenazintlungu (phantsi kweanesthesia ngokubanzi). Utyando lungathabatha iiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-12 nangaphezulu. Amanye amathambo obuso asikiwe kwaye ahanjiswe. Ngexesha lotyando, izicwili ziyashukunyiswa kwaye imithambo yegazi kunye neethambo ziphinde zadityaniswa kusetyenziswa iindlela zoqhaqho oluncinci.

Iziqwenga zethambo (iigrafti zethambo) zinokuthathwa kwi-pelvis, iimbambo, okanye ukhakhayi ukuzalisa iindawo apho kususwe khona amathambo obuso nentloko. Izikrufu ezincinci kunye namacwecwe enziwe nge-titanium okanye isixhobo sokulungisa esenziwe ngezinto ezinokutsalwa sinokusetyenziselwa ukubamba amathambo endaweni. Izinto zokufaka zinokusetyenziswa. Imihlathi inokudityaniswa ngokudibeneyo ukuze ibambe iindawo ezintsha zethambo endaweni yazo. Ukugquma imingxunya, iimpepha zinokuthathwa esandleni, ezimpundu, kwindonga yesifuba, okanye ethangeni.

Ngamanye amaxesha utyando lubangela ukudumba kobuso, umlomo, okanye intamo, ezinokuhlala iiveki. Oku kungavala indlela yomoya. Kule nto, unokufuna ukuba une-tracheostomy yethutyana. Lo ngumngxunya omncinci owenziwe entanyeni yakho apho ityhubhu (i-endotracheal tube) ibekwe kwindlela yomoya (i-trachea). Oku kukuvumela ukuba uphefumle xa ubuso bakho kunye nomphezulu womoya udumbile.

Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-Craniofacial kunokwenziwa ukuba kukho:

• Iziphene zokuzalwa kunye neziphene ezivela kwiimeko ezinje ngomlomo okanye inkalakahla, i-craniosynostosis, i-Apert syndrome
• Iziphene ezibangelwa lutyando olwenziwe ukunyanga amathumba
• Ukulimala entloko, ebusweni, okanye emhlathini
• Amathumba

Umngcipheko we-anesthesia kunye notyando ngokubanzi zezi:

• Iingxaki zokuphefumla
• Impendulo kumayeza
• Ukopha, amahlwili egazi, usulelo

Umngcipheko wotyando lwentloko nobuso zezi:

• Amathambo (ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo-luvo) okanye ukonakala kwengqondo
• Isidingo sotyando olulandelayo, ngakumbi kubantwana abakhulayo
• Inxalenye okanye ilahleko epheleleyo yokufakelwa kwamathambo
• Ukunqongophala ngokusisigxina

Ezi ngxaki zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu:

• Umsi
• Yiba nesondlo esifanelekileyo
• Ngaba unezinye iimeko zonyango, ezinje nge-lupus
• Ukujikeleza kwegazi okungalunganga
• Unomonakalo wexesha elidlulileyo

Unokuchitha iintsuku ezimbini zokuqala emva kotyando kwigumbi lokunyamekela. Ukuba awunayo ingxaki, uya kuba nakho ukuphuma esibhedlele kwiveki e-1. Ukuphilisa ngokupheleleyo kungathabatha iiveki ezi-6 okanye nangaphezulu. Ukudumba kuya kuphucula kwezi nyanga zilandelayo.

Imbonakalo eqhelekileyo inokulindeleka emva kotyando. Abanye abantu kufuneka babe neenkqubo zokulandelela kwiminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwemine ezayo.

Kubalulekile ukuba ungadlali imidlalo yoqhakamshelwano kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kotyando.

Abantu abenzakele kakhulu bahlala befuna ukusebenza ngemiba yeemvakalelo yomonzakalo kunye notshintsho kwinkangeleko yabo. Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abenzakele kakhulu banokuba noxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo, uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo loxinzelelo. Ukuthetha nengcali yezempilo yengqondo okanye ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso kunokuba luncedo.

Abazali babantwana abakhubazekileyo ebusweni bahlala beziva benetyala okanye baneentloni, ngakumbi xa iziphene zibangelwa yimeko yemfuza. Njengokuba abantwana bekhula kwaye babona inkangeleko yabo, iimpawu zeemvakalelo zinokukhula okanye ziye zisiba mandundu.

Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kweCraniofacial; Utyando lwe-Orbital-craniofacial; Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kobuso

• Ukhakhayi
• Ukhakhayi
• Ukulungiswa kwemilebe yokucoceka - uthotho
• Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwe-Craniofacial - uthotho

Umbhaki we-SR. Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kweziphene ebusweni. Ku: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, ii-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Utyando lweNtloko kunye neNtamo. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 24.

UMcGrath MH, uPomerantz JH. Uqhaqho ufakela iplastikhi. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, ii-eds. Incwadi yeSabiston yoNyango: Isiseko sebhayiloji yoQeqesho lwangoku. Umhla we-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 68.