Ukufakelwa kwesibindi

Ukufakelwa kwesibindi kukuhlinzwa endaweni yesibindi esigulayo.

Isibindi esinikelweyo sinokuvela:

• Umnikeli osandula ukusweleka kwaye engakhange abe wenzakele esibindini. Olu hlobo lomnikeli lubizwa ngokuba ngumnikeli wecadaver.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu ophilileyo uya kunikela ngenxalenye yesibindi sakhe kumntu onesibindi sesifo. Umzekelo, umzali unokunikela ngomntwana. Olu hlobo lomnikeli lubizwa ngokuba ngumnikeli ophilayo. Isibindi sinokuzivuselela. Bobabini aba bantu bahlala befumana isibindi esisebenza ngokupheleleyo emva kokufakelwa ngempumelelo.

Isibindi somnikeli sihanjiswa kwisisombululo samanzi apholileyo setyuwa (saline) esigcina ilungu kude kube ziiyure ezisi-8. Iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko zinokwenziwa ukuze kutshatiswe umnikeli kunye nomamkeli.

Isibindi esitsha siyasuswa kumnikeli ngokusikwa kotyando esiswini esingaphezulu. Ibekwe emntwini odinga isibindi (obizwa ngokuba ngumamkeli) kwaye uqhotyoshelwe kwimithambo yegazi nakwimibhobho yenyongo. Umsebenzi ungathatha ukuya kwiiyure ezili-12. Umamkeli uhlala efuna isixa esikhulu segazi ngotofelo-gazi.

Isibindi esisempilweni senza imisebenzi engaphezulu kwama-400 yonke imihla, kubandakanya:

• Ukwenza i-bile, ebalulekileyo ekwetyisweni
• Ukwenza iiproteni ezinceda ekunqandeni igazi
• Ukususa okanye ukutshintsha iintsholongwane, amayeza, kunye neetyhefu egazini
• Ukugcina iswekile, amafutha, isinyithi, ubhedu kunye neevithamini

Isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokufakelwa kwesibindi kubantwana yi-biliary atresia. Uninzi lwezi meko, ukufakelwa kuvela kumnikeli ophilayo.

Isizathu esiqhelekileyo sokufakelwa kwesibindi kubantu abadala yi-cirrhosis. I-Cirrhosis kukunqaba kwesibindi okuthintela isibindi ekusebenzeni kakuhle. Inokuba mandundu kukusilela kwesibindi. Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo be-cirrhosis zezi:

• Usulelo lwexesha elide nge-hepatitis B okanye i-hepatitis C
• Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kotywala ixesha elide
• I-Cirrhosis ngenxa yesifo esinamafutha esingatyisi
• Ityhefu Acute ukusuka libanda, acetaminophen okanye ngenxa odlayo amakhowa yityhefu.
  

Ezinye izifo ezinokubangela i-cirrhosis kunye nokusilela kwesibindi kubandakanya:

• Ngokuzimela hepatitis
• I-hepatic vein yegazi yegazi (thrombosis)
• Ukonakala kwesibindi kwityhefu okanye amayeza
• Iingxaki ngenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi kwesibindi (iphecana le-biliary), njenge-cirrhosis ye-biliary ephambili okanye i-sclerosing cholangitis
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism yobhedu okanye isinyithi (isifo seWilson kunye nehemogromatosis)

Ukuhlinzwa kotyando lwesibindi kuhlala kungacetyiswa kubantu abane:

• Izifo ezithile, ezinjengesifo sephepha okanye i-osteomyelitis
• Kunzima ukuthatha amayeza amaxesha ngamaxesha yonke imihla ubomi babo bonke
• Isifo sentliziyo okanye semiphunga (okanye ezinye izifo ezisongela ubomi)
• Imbali yomhlaza
• Usulelo, njenge-hepatitis, ezithathwa njengeziyasebenza
• Ukutshaya, ukusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi, okanye ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi

Umngcipheko kuyo nayiphi na i-anesthesia yile:

• Iingxaki zokuphefumla
• Impendulo kumayeza

Iingozi zalo naluphi na utyando zezi:

• Ukopha
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye ukubetha
• Usulelo

Utyando lotyando lwesibindi kunye nolawulo emva kotyando luneengozi ezinkulu. Kukho umngcipheko owandayo wosulelo kuba kufuneka uthathe amayeza acinezela amajoni omzimba ukuthintela ukufakwa kokwala. Iimpawu zosulelo zibandakanya:

• Urhudo
• Umjelo wamanzi
• Ifiva
• I-jaundice
• Ubomvu
• Ukudumba
• Ukuthantamisa

Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uya kukuthumela kwiziko lokufakelwa. Iqela lokufakelwa liya kufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungumgqatswa ofanelekileyo wofakelo lwesibindi. Uya kwenza utyelelo ezimbalwa kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga ezininzi. Uya kudinga ukuba utsale igazi kwaye uthathwe ii-x-reyi.

Ukuba ungumntu ofumana isibindi esitsha, ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo ziya kwenziwa ngaphambi kwenkqubo:

• Izicubu kunye nokuchwetheza igazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba wakho awuzukusala isibindi esinikelweyo
• Uvavanyo lwegazi okanye uvavanyo lolusu ukukhangela usulelo
• Uvavanyo lwentliziyo njenge-ECG, i-echocardiogram, okanye i-catheterization yentliziyo
• Uvavanyo lokujonga umhlaza kwangoko
• Uvavanyo lokujonga isibindi sakho, inyongo, ipancreas, amathumbu amancinci, kunye nemithambo yegazi ejikeleze isibindi
• Colonoscopy, kuxhomekeke kubudala bakho

Unokukhetha ukujonga iziko elinye okanye nangaphezulu ukuze ubone ukuba yeyiphi eyona ilungele wena.

• Buza iziko ukuba zingaphi izinto abazenzayo minyaka le, kunye namazinga abo okusinda. Thelekisa la manani kunye namanye amaziko okufakelwa.
• Buza ukuba ngawaphi amaqela enkxaso abanawo, kwaye ngawaphi amalungiselelo okuhamba kunye nezindlu abazinikezelayo
• Buza ukuba liliphi ixesha eliphakathi lokulinda ukufakelwa kwesibindi.

Ukuba iqela lofakelo licinga ukuba ungumgqatswa ofanelekileyo wofakelo lwesibindi, uya kubekwa kuluhlu lwesizwe lokulinda.

• Indawo yakho kuluhlu lokulinda isekwe kwinani lezinto. Izinto eziphambili zibandakanya uhlobo lweengxaki zesibindi onazo, ukuba sibuhlungu kangakanani isifo sakho, kunye nokuba kungenzeka ukuba ukufakelwa kwakhona kube nempumelelo.
• Ixesha olichitha kuluhlu lokulinda alusoloko luchaphazela ukuba uza kufumana isibindi kungekudala kangakanani, ngaphandle kwabantwana.

Ngelixa ulinde isibindi, landela la manyathelo:

• Landela nakuphi na ukutya okucetyiswa liqela lakho lokufakelwa.
• Musa ukusela utywala.
• Musa ukutshaya.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho kuluhlu olufanelekileyo. Landela inkqubo yokuzivocavoca umboneleli wakho ayicebisayo.
• Thatha onke amayeza amiselweyo. Xela utshintsho kumayeza akho kunye nazo naziphi na iingxaki ezintsha okanye eziya zisiba mbi kwiqela lokutshintsha.
• Ukulandelelana kunye nomboneleli wakho rhoqo kunye neqela lokufakelwa nakweyiphi na indawo yokuqeshwa eyenziwe.
• Qiniseka ukuba iqela lofakelo lineenombolo zakho zeefowuni ezichanekileyo, ukuze banxibelelane nawe kwangoko ukuba isibindi siyafumaneka. Qiniseka ukuba, nokuba uyaphi, unokuqhagamshelwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokulula.
• Yilungiselele yonke into ngaphambi kwexesha lokuya esibhedlele.

Ukuba ufumene isibindi esinikelwe, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iveki okanye nangaphezulu. Emva koko, kuya kufuneka ukuba ulandelwe ngokusondeleyo ngugqirha ubomi bakho bonke. Uya kuvavanywa igazi rhoqo emva kokufakelwa.

Ixesha lokuchacha li malunga neenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12. Iqela lakho lokufaka lingakucela ukuba uhlale kufutshane nesibhedlele kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala. Kuya kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo, kuvavanyo lwegazi kunye ne-x-reyi iminyaka emininzi.

Abantu abafumana ukufakelwa isibindi banokulikhaba ilungu elitsha. Oku kuthetha ukuba amajoni abo omzimba abona isibindi esitsha njengezinto zangaphandle kwaye azame ukusitshabalalisa.

Ukuthintela ukwaliwa, phantse bonke abafumana ukufakelwa kufuneka bathathe amayeza acinezela amajoni abo omzimba ubomi babo bonke. Oku kubizwa ngokuba lunyango olungena emzimbeni. Nangona unyango luthintela ukwaliwa kwamalungu, lukwabeka abantu emngciphekweni omkhulu wosulelo kunye nomhlaza.

Ukuba uthatha iyeza lokuzikhusela emzimbeni, kuya kufuneka ujongwe umhlaza rhoqo. Amayeza anokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye nokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo seswekile.

Ukufakelwa ngempumelelo kufuna ukulandelelwa kufutshane nomboneleli wakho. Kufuneka usoloko usela amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe.

Ukufakelwa kweHepatic; Ukutshintsha - isibindi; Ukufakelwa kwesibindi se-Orthotopic; Ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi - ukufakelwa kwesibindi; Isibindi - ukufakelwa kwesibindi

• Ukuncamathiselwa kwesibindi somnikeli
• Ukufakelwa kwesibindi - uthotho

UCarrion AF, uMartin P. Ukufakelwa kwesibindi. Ku: UFeldman M, uFriedman LS, uBrandt LJ, ii-eds. Sleisenger kunye neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 97.

U-Everson GT. Ukusilela kwesibindi kunye nokufakelwa kwesibindi kwi: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 145.