Yintoni enokuthi kwaye ayinakubangela umhlaza wolusu?

Umxholo

• Yintoni umhlaza wolusu?
• Yintoni ebangela umhlaza wolusu?
• Ukuvezwa lilanga
• Iibhedi zokususa
• Utshintsho kwimfuza
• Izizathu ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo
• Yintoni engakhange ibonakaliswe ukuba ibangela umhlaza wolusu?
• Iitattoos
• Isikrini selanga
• Zokuthambisa kunye neemveliso zolusu
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni omkhulu?
• Ufuna nini ukhathalelo
• Umgca wezantsi

Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza eUnited States ngumhlaza wolusu. Kodwa, kwiimeko ezininzi, olu hlobo lomhlaza luyathinteleka. Ukuqonda ukuba yintoni enokubangela kwaye ayinakubangela umhlaza wolusu kunokukunceda uthathe amanyathelo othintelo abalulekileyo.

Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zomhlaza wolusu kunye nezinye izinto ezingakhange zimiselwe ukuba zibangelwe. Siza kujonga kwakhona iimpawu zokulumkisa ezinokuba ngumqondiso wokubona ugqirha wakho.

Yintoni umhlaza wolusu?

Xa iDNA yonakele, inokubangela ukungaqheleki kwiiseli. Ngenxa yoko, ezi seli azifi njengoko kufanele. Endaweni yoko, ziyaqhubeka nokukhula nokwahlulahlula, zisenza iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ngakumbi nangakumbi.

Ezi seli ziguqukileyo ziyakwazi ukuphepha amajoni omzimba kwaye ekugqibeleni zisasazeke emzimbeni wonke. Xa lo monakalo we-DNA uqala kwiiseli zakho zolusu, unomdlavuza wolusu.

Iindidi zomhlaza wolusu zibandakanya:

• isiseko se-carcinoma
• squamous cell carcinoma
• imelanoma

Malunga neepesenti ezingama-95 zesifo somhlaza wolusu siseli esezantsi okanye iseli egudileyo. Ezi ntlobo ze-nonmelanoma ziyanyangeka xa zifunyenwe kwaye zinyangwa kwangoko. Kunzima ukutsho ukuba bangaphi abantu abafumana ezi ntlobo zomhlaza kuba kungekho mfuneko yokuzixela kubhaliso lomhlaza.

I-Melanoma iyingozi kakhulu, i-75% yokufa komhlaza wesikhumba. Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, bekukho ngaphezulu kwama-96,000 amatyala amatsha e-melanoma ngo-2019.

Yintoni ebangela umhlaza wolusu?

Ukuvezwa lilanga

Unombolo 1 unobangela womhlaza wolusu yi-ultraviolet (UV) radiation evela elangeni. Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzigcine engqondweni:

• Iipesenti ezisibhozo zokuvezwa lilanga zenzeka ngaphambi kokuba ufike kwiminyaka eyi-18.
• Ukubonakaliswa ebusika kuyingozi njengokuvezwa ehlotyeni.
• Unmelanoma umhlaza wolusu unokubangelwa kukukhanya kwelanga okwandayo.
• Ukutshiswa lilanga ngaphambi kobudala beminyaka eli-18 kungakhokelela kwi-melanoma kamva ebomini.
• Amanye amayeza, anjengee-antibiotics, anokunyusa ubuntununtunu besikhumba sakho elangeni.
• Ukufumana i "base tan" akuniki khuselo ekutshisweni lilanga okanye kumhlaza wolusu.

Ungalunciphisa usuku lwakho ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Sebenzisa i-sunblock okanye i-sunscreen yokukhusela nge-SPF 30, ubuncinci.
• Nxiba iimpahla zokhuselo xa uselangeni.
• Funa umthunzi xa kunokwenzeka, ngakumbi phakathi kwentsimbi ye-10 kusasa kunye neyesi-3 emva kwemini. xa imitha yelanga yomelele.
• Thwala umnqwazi ukukhusela ulusu ebusweni nasentloko.

Iibhedi zokususa

Imitha ye-UV inokonakalisa ulusu lwakho, nokuba ivela phi. Iibhedi zokususa, amadokodo kunye nezibane zelanga zivelisa imitha ye-UV. Azikhuselekanga njengokugcakamela ilanga, kwaye azilungisi ulusu lwakho elangeni.

Ngokophando, ukususwa kwangaphakathi kuthathwa njenge-carcinogenic ebantwini. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba iibhedi zokucoca ukonyusa umngcipheko we-melanoma nokuba awutshisi.

Utshintsho kwimfuza

Ukutshintsha kwemfuza kungafunyanwa njengelifa okanye kufunyanwe ngexesha lokuphila kwakho. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo efunyenwe kwimfuza ehambelana ne-melanoma yi-BRAF oncogene.

Ngokuka, malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abane-melanoma esasazekileyo, okanye i-melanoma engenakususwa ngotyando, baneenguqu kwi-gene ye-BRAF.

Olunye utshintsho kwimfuza lubandakanya:

• I-NRAS
• CDKN2A
• I-NF1
• I-C-KIT

Izizathu ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo

Ukuba wenza iinzipho zakho zenziwe esalon, kunokwenzeka ukuba ubeke iminwe yakho phantsi kwesibane se-UV ukuba yome.

Olunye uphononongo oluncinci kakhulu olupapashiweyo lubonisa ukuba ukubonakaliswa kwezibane ze-UV kungumngcipheko womhlaza wolusu. Nangona uphando olongezelelweyo lufunekayo, ababhali bokufunda bancomela ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokumisa izipikili zakho.

Ezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wesikhumba zibandakanya:

• ukubonakaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-X-ray okanye kwi-CT
• amanxeba ngenxa yokutsha okanye izifo
• Ukuvezwa komsebenzi kwiikhemikhali ezithile, ezinje nge-arsenic

Yintoni engakhange ibonakaliswe ukuba ibangela umhlaza wolusu?

Iitattoos

Akukho bungqina bokuba ii-tatoo zibanga umhlaza wolusu. Nangona kunjalo, kuyinyani ukuba iitattoos zinokwenza kube nzima ukubona umhlaza wolusu kwangethuba.

Kungcono ukuphepha ukufumana tattoo phezu kwemole okanye enye indawo enokuba yinkxalabo.

Jonga ulusu lwakho lwe tattoo ngamanye amaxesha. Jonga i-dermatologist ngoko nangoko ukuba ubona nantoni na ekrokrisayo.

Isikrini selanga

Kububulumko ukuqaphela izithako zayo nayiphi na imveliso oyifaka kulusu lwakho, kuquka i-sunscreen. Kodwa iingcali ze-MD Anderson Cancer Centre kunye neHarvard Medical School zithi abukho ubungqina bokuba ii-sunscreens zibangela umhlaza wolusu.

Ngokudibana neAmerican Cancer Society (ACS), iingcali zicebisa ukusetyenziswa kwescreen selanga esibanzi esikhusela imitha yeUVA kunye neUVB.

Zokuthambisa kunye neemveliso zolusu

Uninzi lwezithambiso, ukhathalelo lolusu, kunye nezinye iimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu zinezintlu ezinde zezithako. Ezinye zezi zinto zinokuba yingozi kwizixa ezikhulu.

Kwinxalenye enkulu, nangona kunjalo, izinto zokuthambisa kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lobuqu azinazo amanqanaba aphezulu ngokwaneleyo ezinto ezithile ezinetyhefu yokubangela umhlaza.

Ngokwe-ACS, khange kubekho zifundo zaneleyo zexesha elide ebantwini ukwenza amabango ngomngcipheko womhlaza. Kodwa, imingcipheko yezempilo yokuvezwa kwexesha elide kwityhefu ethile ayinakukhishelwa ngaphandle ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nemveliso oyisebenzisayo, jonga izithako kwaye uqhagamshelane nodokotela wesikhumba.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni omkhulu?

Nabani na onokuba nomhlaza wolusu, kodwa izinto ezithile zinokunyusa umngcipheko. Oku kubandakanya:

• ukuba nesikhumba esifanelekileyo okanye isikhumba esinamabala
• ukuba ubuncinci ubuncinci, ukutshiswa lilanga, ngakumbi njengomntwana okanye okwishumi elivisayo
• ukubonakaliswa kwelanga ixesha elide
• iibhedi zokususa, iminquba, okanye izibane
• uhlala kwindawo enelanga, ephezulu
• moles, ngakumbi ezingaqhelekanga
• izilonda zesikhumba esikhawulezayo
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza wolusu
• buthathaka amajoni omzimba
• ukubonakaliswa kwimitha, kubandakanya unyango ngemitha yeemeko zolusu
• ukubonakaliswa kwi-arsenic okanye ezinye iikhemikhali zomsebenzi
• I-xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), imeko ebangelwe kukutshintsha kwemfuza
• utshintsho oluthile olufunyenwe njengelifa

Ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza wolusu kanye, usengozini yokuwuphucula kwakhona.

I-Melanoma ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abamhlophe abangabemi baseSpain. Kuqheleke kakhulu kwabasetyhini kunamadoda ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50, kodwa kuqheleke kakhulu kumadoda emva kweminyaka engama-65.

Ufuna nini ukhathalelo

Yiya kugqirha wakho ukuba ubona utshintsho kulusu lwakho, njengesilonda esitsha sesikhumba, imole entsha, okanye utshintsho kwimole esele ikho.

I-basal cell carcinoma inokuvela njenge:

• iqhuma elincinci, elincinanana ebusweni okanye entanyeni
• ibala elibomvu elipinki, okanye limdaka ezingalweni, emilenzeni, okanye esiqwini

I-squamous cell carcinoma inokubonakala ngathi:

• ingqiniba ebomvu, eqinileyo
• isilonda esirhabaxa, esinamaxolo esinokurhawuzelela, ukopha, okanye ukudumba

I-Melanoma ingabonakala njenge-bump, patch, okanye i-mole. Ngokwesiqhelo:

• i-asymmetric (icala elinye lahlukile kwelinye)
• zijikeleze imiphetho
• ngombala ongalinganiyo, onokuthi ubandakanye umbala omhlophe, obomvu, umbala omnyama, omnyama, omnyama, okanye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• ukukhula ngobukhulu
• ukutshintsha kwimbonakalo okanye indlela oziva ngayo, njengokurhawuzelela okanye ukopha

Umgca wezantsi

Unobangela ophambili womhlaza wolusu kukuvezwa lilanga. Ukuvezwa ebuntwaneni kunokukhokelela kumhlaza wolusu kamva ebomini.

Ngelixa kukho umngcipheko othile esingenakukunceda, njengemfuza, kukho amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu. Oku kubandakanya ukukhusela ulusu lwakho kwimitha ye-UV, ukunqanda iibhedi zokususa, kunye nokusebenzisa i-sunscreen ebanzi

Yiya kugqirha ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kulusu lwakho. Xa ubhaqwe kwangethuba, umhlaza wolusu uyanyangeka.