Utyando lobuchopho

Utyando lobuchopho lunyango lokunyanga iingxaki kwingqondo nakwizinto ezikufutshane.

Phambi kotyando, iinwele ezikwindawo yentloko ziyachetywa kwaye indawo iyacocwa. Ugqirha usika ngotyando entlonzeni. Indawo yokunqunyulwa ixhomekeke ekubeni ingxaki ibuphi kwingqondo.

Ugqirha wenza umngxuma kukhakhayi kwaye asuse ithambo.

Ukuba kuyenzeka, ugqirha wotyando uyakwenza umngxunya omncinci kwaye afake ityhubhu enesibane kunye nekhamera ekugqibeleni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-endoscope. Olu tyando luyakwenziwa ngezixhobo ezibekwe nge-endoscope. I-MRI okanye i-CT scan inokunceda ukukhokela ugqirha kwindawo efanelekileyo kwingqondo.

Ngexesha lotyando, ugqirha wakho ugqirha unoku:

• Cima i-aneurysm ukunqanda ukopha
• Susa ithumba okanye isiqwenga sethumba kwi-biopsy
• Susa izicwili zobuchopho ezingaqhelekanga
• Ukucoca igazi okanye usulelo
• Mahala imithambo-luvo
• Thatha isampulu yethishu yobuchopho ukunceda ukufumanisa isifo senkqubo yeemvakalelo

I-bone flap ihlala ithathelwa indawo emva kotyando, kusetyenziswa iipleyiti ezincinci zesinyithi, iisuture, okanye iingcingo. Olu tyando lwengqondo lubizwa ngokuba yi-craniotomy.

I-flap yethambo ayinakubuyiselwa emva kokuba utyando lwakho lubandakanya ithumba okanye usulelo, okanye ukuba ingqondo ibidumbile. Olu tyando lwengqondo lubizwa ngokuba yi-craniectomy. Ithambo elinokubethwa linokubuyiselwa ngexesha lomsebenzi olandelayo.

Ixesha elithathwayo kutyando lixhomekeke kwingxaki ephathwa ngayo.

Utyando lobuchopho lunokwenziwa ukuba unayo:

• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Ukopha (ukopha) kwingqondo
• Amahlwili egazi (hematomas) kwingqondo
• Ubuthathaka kwimithambo yegazi (ukulungiswa kwengqondo kwi-aneurysm)
• Imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga kwingqondo (i-arteriovenous malformations; AVM)
• Ukonakaliswa kwezicubu ezigubungele ingqondo (ixesha elide)
• Usulelo kwingqondo (amathumba engqondo)
• Iintlungu ezinzima okanye iintlungu zobuso (ezinjenge-trigeminal neuralgia, okanye i-tic douloureux)
• Ukophuka kolukakayi
• Uxinzelelo kwingqondo emva kokulimala okanye ukubetha
• Isathuthwane
• Izifo ezithile zobuchopho (ezinjengesifo sikaParkinson) ezinokuncedwa ngesixhobo esifakelweyo se-elektroniki
• IHydrocephalus (ukudumba kwengqondo)

Umngcipheko we-anesthesia kunye notyando ngokubanzi zezi:

• Impendulo kumayeza
• Iingxaki zokuphefumla
• Ukopha, amahlwili egazi, usulelo

Imingcipheko enokubakho yotyando lobuchopho zezi:

• Iingxaki ngentetho, inkumbulo, ubuthathaka bemisipha, ibhalansi, umbono, ulungelelwaniso kunye neminye imisebenzi. Ezi ngxaki zinokuhlala ixesha elincinci okanye zinokungahambi.
• Ukuqhaqha kwegazi okanye ukopha kwingqondo.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Ukubetha.
• Coma.
• Usulelo kwingqondo, inxeba, okanye ukakayi.
• Ukudumba kobuchopho.

Ugqirha wakho uyakukuvavanya, kwaye angayalela ukuba kwenziwe ilabhoratri kunye neemvavanyo zokucinga.

Xelela ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi:

• Ukuba unokukhulelwa
• Zeziphi iziyobisi ozithathayo, nditsho neziyobisi, izongezo, iivithamini, okanye amayeza owathengileyo ngaphandle kommiselo
• Ukuba ubusele utywala kakhulu
• Ukuba uthatha iiasprini okanye iziyobisi ezichasayo ezifana ne-ibuprofen
• Ukuba uxabana okanye uhlangabezana namayeza okanye iodine

Ngexesha leentsuku ngaphambi kotyando:

• Unokucelwa ukuba uyeke okwethutyana i-aspirin, ibuprofen, warfarin (Coumadin), kunye nawaphi na amayeza okucoca igazi.
• Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi iziyobisi omele uzithathe ngosuku lotyando.
• Zama ukuyeka ukutshaya. Ukutshaya kunokucothisa ukunyanga emva kotyando. Buza ugqirha wakho akuncede.
• Ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi unokucela ukuba uhlambe iinwele zakho ngeshampu yangaphambi kobusuku ngaphambi kokwenziwa kotyando.

Ngomhla wotyando:

• Uya kucelwa ukuba ungaseli okanye ungatyi nantoni na iiyure eziyi-8 ukuya kwezi-12 ngaphambi kotyando.
• Thatha amayeza ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba uwathabathe ngesiphuzo esincinci samanzi.
• Fika esibhedlele ngexesha.

Emva kotyando, uya kujongwa ngeliso elibukhali liqela lakho lokhathalelo lwempilo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingqondo yakho isebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ugqirha okanye umongikazi angakubuza imibuzo, akhanyise isibane emehlweni akho, kwaye akucele ukuba wenze imisebenzi elula. Unokufuna ioksijini kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa.

Intloko yebhedi yakho iya kugcinwa iphakanyisiwe ukunceda ukunciphisa ukudumba kobuso okanye intloko. Ukudumba kuyinto eqhelekileyo emva kotyando.

Amayeza aya kunikwa ukuthomalalisa iintlungu.

Uhlala uhlala esibhedlele kangangeentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7. Ungadinga unyango lomzimba (ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo).

Emva kokuba uye ekhaya, landela nayiphi na imiyalelo yokuzikhathalela oyinikiweyo.

Wenza kakuhle kangakanani emva kotyando lobuchopho kuxhomekeke kwimeko yokunyangwa, impilo yakho ngokubanzi, leliphi icandelo lengqondo elibandakanyekayo, kunye nohlobo oluthile lotyando.

Craniotomy; Utyando - ingqondo; Utyando lweeurosurgery; Craniectomy; I-stereotactic craniotomy; I-biopsy yengqondo ye-stereotactic; I-Endoscopic craniotomy

• Ukulungiswa kwe-aneurysm yobuchopho-ukukhutshwa
• Utyando lobuchopho-ukukhutshwa
• Ukunyamekela ukuxhamla kwemisipha okanye i-spasms
• Ukunxibelelana nomntu one-aphasia
• Ukunxibelelana nomntu one-dysarthria
• Ukuxhuzula kubantu abadala - yintoni ekufuneka uyibuze kugqirha wakho
• Ukuxhuzula ebantwaneni - ukubhobhoza
• Ukuxhuzula ebantwaneni-yintoni ekufuneka uyibuze kugqirha wakho
• Ukuxhuzula okanye ukuxhuzula - ukubhobhoza
• Stroke - ukubhobhoza
• Ukuginya iingxaki

• Ngaphambi nasemva kokulungiswa kwehematoma
• Craniotomy - uthotho

I-Ortega-Barnett J, Mohanty A, Desai SK, Patterson JT. Utyando. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, ii-eds. Incwadi yeSabiston yoNyango. Umhla we-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 67.

UZada G, Attenello FJ, Pham M, Weiss MH. Ukucwangciswa kotyando: isishwankathelo. Ku: Winn HR, ed. Ugqirha we-Youmans kunye no-Winn Neurological. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 18.