Ukuphefumla ubunzima

Ukuphefumla ubunzima kunokubandakanya:

• Ukuphefumla okunzima
• Ukuphefumla okungonwabisiyo
• Uziva ngathi awufumani moya ngokwaneleyo

Akukho nkcazo isemgangathweni yokuphefumla nzima. Abanye abantu baziva bephefumla ngokwenza umthambo nje omncinci (umzekelo, ukunyuka izinyuko), nangona bengenayo imeko yonyango. Abanye banokuba nesifo semiphunga esihambele phambili, kodwa abanokuze bazive bephelelwa ngumphefumlo.

Ukubhuqa yenye yeendlela zokuphefumla ubunzima apho wenza isandi esiphakamileyo xa uphefumlela ngaphandle.

Ukuphefumla kancinci kunezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, isifo sentliziyo sinokubangela ukuphefumla ukuba intliziyo yakho ayikwazi ukumpompa igazi elaneleyo ukubonelela ngeoksijini emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba ingqondo yakho, izihlunu, okanye amanye amalungu omzimba akafumani oksijini yaneleyo, imvakalelo yokuphefumla inokwenzeka.

Ukuphefumla ubunzima kunokuba ngenxa yeengxaki zemiphunga, indlela yomoya, okanye ezinye iingxaki zempilo.

Iingxaki ngemiphunga:

• Igazi elixineneyo kwimithambo yemiphunga (pulmonary embolism)
• Ukudumba kunye nokwakha i-mucus kwezona zincinci zincinci zomoya kwimiphunga (i-bronchiolitis)
• Isifo esinganyangekiyo semiphunga (COPD), esifana ne-bronchitis okanye i-emphysema
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo yemiphunga (uxinzelelo lwegazi)
• Esinye isifo semiphunga

Iingxaki ngokuhamba komoya okukhokelela kwimiphunga:

• Ukuvaleka kweendlela zempumlo, emlonyeni, okanye emqaleni
• Ukutswina kwinto ebambeke kwindlela yomoya
• Ukuvuvukala ngeentambo zezwi (croup)
• Ukudumba kwethishu (epiglottis) egubungela i-windpipe (epiglottitis)

Iingxaki ngentliziyo:

• Intlungu yesifuba ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi yentliziyo (angina)
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Iziphene zentliziyo ekuzalweni (isifo sentliziyo)
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesingqisho sentliziyo (arrhythmias)

Ezinye izizathu:

• Izilwanyana (ezifana nokubumba, idander, okanye impova)
• Iindawo eziphakamileyo apho kukho ioksijini encinci emoyeni
• Ukunyanzelwa kodonga lwesifuba
• Uthuli kwindalo esingqongileyo
• Uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo, ezinje ngexhala
• I-hiatal hernia (imeko apho inxenye yesisu iqhubeka ngokuvulwa kwesithambiso esifubeni)
• Ukutyeba kakhulu
• Uloyiko
• I-anemia (ihemoglobin esezantsi)
• Iingxaki zegazi (xa iiseli zakho zegazi zingakwazi ukuthatha ioksijini ngesiqhelo; isifo i-methemoglobinemia ngumzekelo)

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuphefumla kancinci kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye ayisosizathu senkxalabo. Impumlo exineneyo ngumzekelo omnye. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ngakumbi xa ungayenzi imithambo rhoqo, ngomnye umzekelo.

Ukuba ubunzima bokuphefumla butsha okanye buba mandundu, kunokuba ngenxa yengxaki enkulu. Nangona oonobangela abaninzi bengeyongozi kwaye bephathwa ngokulula, tsalela umnikezeli wakho wezempilo nakuphi na ukuphefumla.

Ukuba uphathwa ingxaki yexesha elide ngemiphunga yakho okanye ngentliziyo, landela umkhombandlela womboneleli wakho ukunceda ngale ngxaki.

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911) ukuba:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla buza ngesiquphe okanye buphazamise ngokunzulu ukuphefumla kwakho kwanokuthetha
• Umntu uyeka ngokupheleleyo ukuphefumla

Jonga umboneleli wakho ukuba ngaba oku kulandelayo kuyenzeka ngobunzima bokuphefumla:

• Ukungonwabi kwesifuba, iintlungu, okanye uxinzelelo. Ezi ziimpawu ze-angina.
• Ifiva.
• Ukuphefumla kancinci emva kokusebenza kancinci okanye xa uphumle.
• Ukuphefumla okufutshane okuvusa ebusuku okanye okufuna ukuba ulale uphakanyisiwe ukuze uphefumle.
• Ukuphefumla kancinci ngokuthetha ngokulula.
• Ukuqina emqaleni okanye ukukhonkotha, ukukhohlela.
• Uphefumlele ngaphakathi okanye wakrwitsha kwinto (injongo yangaphandle okanye ukungenisa).
• Ukukhawuleza.

Umboneleli uya kukuvavanya. Uya kubuzwa malunga nembali yakho yonyango kunye neempawu. Imibuzo inokubandakanya ukuba ukhe waphefumla nzima kangakanani kwaye yaqala nini. Unokuphinda ubuzwe ukuba kukho nantoni na eyenza mandundu kwaye ukuba uyakhala okanye uyakhala xa uphefumla.

Uvavanyo olunoku-odolwa lubandakanya:

• Ukugcwaliswa kweoksijini yegazi (ukubetha kweoyetetry)
• Uvavanyo lwegazi (lungabandakanya iigesi zegazi)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Ukuxilongwa kwe-CT kwesifuba
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Echocardiogram
• Uvavanyo lomthambo
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wePulmonary

Ukuba ubunzima bokuphefumla bunzima kakhulu, kuya kufuneka uye esibhedlele. Unokufumana amayeza okunyanga unobangela wokuphefumla nzima.

Ukuba inqanaba lakho leoksijini liphantsi kakhulu, unokufuna ioksijini.

Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo; Ukuphefumla; Ubunzima bokuphefumla; IDyspnea

• Indlela yokuphefumla xa unomoya omfutshane
• Isifo semiphunga esiphakathi kwabantu abadala- ukukhutshwa
• Ukhuseleko lweoksijini
• Ukuhamba neengxaki zokuphefumla
• Sebenzisa ioksijini ekhaya

• Amaphaphu
• I-Emphysema

IBraithwaite SA, uPerina D. Dyspnea. Ku: Iindonga RM, iHockberger RS, iGausche-Hill M, ii-eds. Unyango lukaRosen oluNgxamisekileyo: iikhonsepthi kunye nokuziqhelanisa neklinikhi. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 22.

UKraft M. Indlela eya kwisigulana esinezifo zokuphefumla. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Umhla wama-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 83.

ISchwartzstein RM, iAdams L.Dyspnea. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, ii-eds. Incwadi kaMurray kunye neNadel yeyeza lokuphefumla. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; I-2016: isahluko 29.