Ukuhamba ngendlela engaqhelekanga

Ukuhamba ngendlela engaqhelekanga kuyinto engaqhelekanga kwaye engalawulekiyo yokuhamba. Zihlala zibangelwa zizifo okanye ukwenzakala emilenzeni, iinyawo, ingqondo, umnqonqo, okanye indlebe yangaphakathi.

Umzekelo wendlela ahamba ngayo umntu ubizwa ngokuba yi-gait. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki zokuhamba zenzeka ngaphandle kolawulo lomntu. Uninzi, kodwa ayizizo zonke, ngenxa yemeko yomzimba.

Ezinye izinto ezihamba gwenxa zinikwe amagama:

• Ukuqhubela phambili -ukugoba, ukuqina komzimba kunye nentloko nentamo egobele phambili
• Isikere sihamba-imilenze iguquka kancinane esinqeni nasemadolweni njengokugoba, ngamadolo namathanga ukubetha okanye ukuwela kwintshukumo efana nezikere
• I-Spastic gait -ukuqina, ukuhamba ngonyawo okubangelwa kukuncipha kwemisipha ende kwelinye icala
• I-steppage gait - i-foot drop apho iinyawo zixhomekeke khona iinzwane zikhombe ezantsi, zibangela iinzwane ukuba zikrwele umhlaba ngelixa zihamba, zifuna umntu ukuba aphakamise umlenze ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo xa ehamba
• Waddling gait -ukuhamba okufana nedada okunokubonakala ebuntwaneni okanye kamva ebomini
• I-Ataxic, okanye ebanzi-esekwe kububanzi, iinyawo ezinqamlezileyo ngaphandle kokungahambelani, ukubetha, kunye nokuluka okanye ukubetha xa uzama ukuhamba
• Ukuhamba ngemagneti-ukushukuma ngeenyawo ukuziva ngathi banamathele emhlabeni

Ukuhamba okungaqhelekanga kunokubangelwa zizifo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

Izizathu ngokubanzi zendlela engaqhelekanga inokubandakanya:

• Isifo samathambo kumalungu omlenze okanye onyawo
• Ingxaki yokuguquka (ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo)
• Iingxaki zeenyawo (ezinje nge-callus, umbona, iinzipho ezingene ngaphakathi, intsumpa, iintlungu, isikhumba esibuhlungu, ukudumba, okanye ukudumba)
• Ithambo elaphukileyo
• Inaliti kwiimisipha ezibangela ukudakumba emlenzeni okanye ezimpundu
• Usulelo
• Ukwenzakala
• Imilenze enobude obahlukeneyo
• Ukudumba okanye ukudumba kwezihlunu (myositis)
• I-Shin splints
• Iingxaki zezihlangu
• Ukudumba okanye ukudumba kweethenda (tendinitis)
• Umtsalane wamatyhalarha
• Ingqondo, intambo yomqolo, kunye nezifo zemithambo-luvo

Olu luhlu alubandakanyi zonke izizathu zendlela engaqhelekanga.

OONOBANGELA BOKUFUNDA OKUQHELEKILEYO

Ukuqhubela phambili:

• Ityhefu yecarbon monoxide
• Ityhefu yeManganese
• Isifo seParkinson
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza athile, kubandakanya i-phenothiazines, i-haloperidol, i-thiothixene, i-loxapine, kunye ne-metoclopramide (ngesiqhelo, iziphumo zeziyobisi zezokwexeshana)

Spastic okanye isikere gait:

• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Ingqondo okanye umothuko entloko
• Ithumba lobuchopho
• Ukubetha
• Umvakalelo yokitazo
• Umlomo wesibeleko kunye ne-myelopathy (ingxaki nge-vertebrae entanyeni)
• Ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi
• Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• I-anemia enobunzima (imeko apho kungekho ngokwaneleyo iiseli ezibomvu esempilweni ukubonelela ngeoksijini kwizicubu zomzimba)
• Intlungu yomqolo
• Umqolo wentambo yomqolo
• I-Neurosyphilis (usulelo lwebacteria lwengqondo okanye intambo yomqolo ngenxa yegcushuwa)
• I-Syringomyelia (ingqokelela ye-cerebrospinal fluid eyenzeka kwintambo yomqolo)

Ikhasi lesinyathelo:

• Isifo sikaGuillain-Barre
• Idiski ye-lumbar yediski
• Isifo sokugubhuka
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha yetibia
• I-peroneal neuropathy
• Ipoliyo
• Ukulimala kwentambo yomqolo

Ukujikeleza okujikelezayo:

• I-hip dysplasia yokuzalwa
• I-muscular dystrophy (iqela leengxaki zokufumana ilifa ezibangela ubuthathaka bemisipha kunye nelahleko yemisipha)
• Isifo semisipha (myopathy)
• I-atrophy yemisipha yomqolo

I-Ataxic, okanye ebanzi, esekwe kububanzi:

• I-acute cerebellar ataxia (intshukumo yemisipha engalungelelananga ngenxa yesifo okanye ukwenzakala kwi-cerebellum kwingqondo)
• Utywala butywala
• Ukulimala kwengqondo
• Ukonakaliswa kweeseli zemithambo-luvo kwi-cerebellum yengqondo (ukonakala kwe-cerebellar)
• Amayeza (i-phenytoin kunye namanye amayeza okubamba)
• I-Polyneuropathy (umonakalo kwiimbilini ezininzi, njengoko kwenzeka ngesifo sikashukela)
• Ukubetha

Ukuhamba ngemagnethi:

• Ukuphazamiseka okuchaphazela indawo yangaphambili yengqondo
• IHydrocephalus (ukudumba kwengqondo)

Ukunyanga unobangela kuhlala kuphucula ukuhamba. Umzekelo, ukungaqheleki kokuhamba ngokwenzakala ukuya kwinxalenye yomlenze kuya kuphucuka njengoko umlenze uphilisa.

Unyango ngokwasemzimbeni phantse luhlala lukunceda kukuphazamiseka okwethutyana okanye ixesha elide. Unyango luya kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa kunye nokunye ukwenzakala.

Kwindlela engaqhelekanga eyenzeka ngengxaki yokuguquka, iingcebiso kunye nenkxaso evela kumalungu osapho ziyacetyiswa ngamandla.

Kwindlela yokuqhubela phambili:

• Khuthaza umntu lowo ukuba azimele kangangoko.
• Vumela ixesha elininzi lemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, ngakumbi ukuhamba. Abantu abanale ngxaki kunokwenzeka ukuba bawe ngenxa yokuba benesilinganiselo esifanelekileyo kwaye bahlala bezama ukubamba.
• Nika uncedo lokuhamba ngezizathu zokhuseleko, ngakumbi kumhlaba ongalinganiyo.
• Jonga ugqirha womzimba wonyango kunye nokuhamba kwakhona.

Isikere sihamba:

• Abantu abanesikere gait bahlala belahlekelwa lulusu. Ukunyamekela kwesikhumba kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukuphepha izilonda zesikhumba.
• Ukuqiniswa kwemilenze kunye nezihlangu ezingaphakathi kwezihlangu kunokunceda ukugcina unyawo kwindawo elungileyo yokuma nokuhamba. Unyango ngokwasemzimbeni unokubonelela ngezi zinto kwaye ubonelele ngonyango, ukuba kufuneka njalo.
• Amayeza (izihlaziyi zemisipha, amayeza okulwa ukunganyangeki) anokunciphisa ukungasebenzi komzimba.

Ukuhamba spastic:

• Ukuzilolonga kuyakhuthazwa.
• Ukuqiniswa kwemilenze kunye nezihlangu ezingaphakathi kwezihlangu kunokunceda ukugcina unyawo kwindawo elungileyo yokuma nokuhamba. Unyango ngokwasemzimbeni unokubonelela ngezi zinto kwaye ubonelele ngonyango, ukuba kufuneka njalo.
• I-cane okanye i-walker iyacetyiswa kwabo bane-balance balance.
• Amayeza (izihlaziyi zemisipha, amayeza okuchasana nokuncipha) anokunciphisa ukungasebenzi komzimba.

Kwindlela yokuhamba kwiphepha:

• Phumla ngokwaneleyo. Ukudinwa kunokubangela ukuba umntu akhubeke uzwane kwaye awe.
• Ukuqiniswa kwemilenze kunye nezihlangu ezingaphakathi kwezihlangu kunokunceda ukugcina unyawo kwindawo elungileyo yokuma nokuhamba. Unyango ngokwasemzimbeni unokubonelela ngezi zinto kwaye ubonelele ngonyango, ukuba kufuneka njalo.

Ukuhambahamba, landela unyango olukhutshwe ngumboneleli wakho wezempilo.

Ukuhamba ngemagnethi ngenxa yehydrocephalus, ukuhamba kunokuphucula emva kokuba unyango lokudumba kwengqondo lunyangiwe.

Ukuba kukho nasiphi na isibonakaliso sokungalawuleki kunye nokuchazeka kokungahambi kakuhle, tsalela umnikezeli wakho.

Umboneleli uya kuthatha imbali yezonyango kwaye enze uvavanyo lomzimba.

Imibuzo yembali yezonyango inokubandakanya:

• Ixesha lexesha, njengaxa yaqala ingxaki, kwaye ukuba yeza ngesiquphe okanye ngokuthe chu
• Uhlobo lokuphazamiseka kokuhamba, njengayo nayiphi na kwezi zikhankanywe apha ngasentla
• Ezinye iimpawu, ezinjengentlungu kunye nendawo ekuyo, ukukhubazeka, nokuba kukho usulelo lwakutsha nje
• Ngawaphi amayeza athathwayo
• Imbali yokwenzakala, njengomlenze, intloko, okanye ukwenzakala komqolo
• Ezinye izifo ezifana nepoliyo, amathumba, ukubetha okanye ezinye iingxaki zemithambo yegazi
• Ukuba lukhona unyango lwamva nje olufana nokugonywa, utyando, ichemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha
• Imbali yobuqu kunye neyosapho, ezinje ngeziphene zokuzalwa, izifo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, iingxaki zokukhula, iingxaki zomqolo

Uvavanyo lomzimba luya kubandakanya izihlunu, amathambo, kunye novavanyo lweenkqubo zemithambo-luvo. Umboneleli uya kuthatha isigqibo sokuba zeziphi iimvavanyo azenzayo ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lomzimba.

Ukungaqhelekanga

UMagee DJ. Uvavanyo lokuhamba. Ku: Magee DJ, ed. Uvavanyo lwe-Orthopedic Physical. Umhla wesi-6. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: isahluko 14.

I-Thompson PD, iNutt JG. Iingxaki zeGait. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 24.