Ukuthethelelwa kwentetho kubantu abadala

Ukuthetha kunye nokukhubazeka kolwimi kunokuba naziphi na iingxaki ezininzi ezenza kube nzima ukunxibelelana.

Oku kulandelayo yintetho eqhelekileyo kunye nokuphazamiseka kolwimi.

APHASIA

I-Aphasia kukuphulukana nokubanakho ukuqonda okanye ukuveza ulwimi oluthethiweyo okanye olubhaliweyo. Kuhlala kwenzeka emva kokubethwa okanye ukonzakala kwengqondo ebuhlungu. Inokuthi yenzeke nakubantu abanezilonda zobuchopho okanye izifo ezigwenxa ezichaphazela iindawo zolwimi kwingqondo. Eli gama alisebenzi kubantwana abangazange baphuhlise izakhono zonxibelelwano. Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-aphasia.

Kwezinye iimeko ze-aphasia, ingxaki ekugqibeleni iyazilungisa, kodwa kwezinye, ayibi ngcono.

DYSARTHRIA

Nge-dysarthria, umntu unengxaki yokubonisa izandi ezithile okanye amagama. Banentetho engachazwanga kakuhle (njengokucekisa) kwaye isingqisho okanye isantya sentetho siyatshintshwa. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo okanye kwengqondo kukwenze kube nzima ukulawula ulwimi, imilebe, ingqula, okanye imithambo yelizwi, eyenza intetho.

I-Dysarthria, ekunzima ukubiza amagama, ngamanye amaxesha iyabhidaniswa ne-aphasia, ekunzima ukuvelisa ulwimi. Zinezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

Abantu abane-dysarthria banokuba neengxaki zokugwinya.

IZIPHazamiso ZELIZWI

Nantoni na etshintsha ukumila kweentambo okanye indlela ezisebenza ngayo iya kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwelizwi. Ukukhula okufana nesigaxa njengamaqhuqhuva, iipolyps, ii-cysts, iipapillomas, iigranulomas, kunye nomhlaza kungasola. Olu tshintsho lubangela ukuba ilizwi livakale ngokwahlukileyo kwindlela eliqhele ukuvakala ngayo.

Ezinye zezi ngxaki zikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kodwa nabani na unokukhulisa intetho kunye nokukhubazeka kolwimi ngequbuliso, zihlala zenzakele.

APHASIA

• Isifo se-Alzheimer
• Ithumba lobuchopho (eliqheleke kakhulu kwi-aphasia kune-dysarthria)
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi
• Ukonzakala kwentloko
• Ukubetha
• Ukuhlaselwa kweschemic okwethutyana (TIA)

DYSARTHRIA

• Utywala butywala
• Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi
• Izifo ezichaphazela iimbilini kunye nezihlunu (izifo ze-neuromuscular), ezifana ne-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS okanye isifo sikaLou Gehrig), i-cerebral palsy, i-myasthenia gravis, okanye i-multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Umothuko ebusweni
• Ubuthathaka bobuso, njengokukhubazeka kweBell okanye ubuthathaka bolwimi
• Ukonzakala kwentloko
• Utyando lomhlaza entloko nasentanyeni
• Inkqubo yovalo (luvo) echaphazela ingqondo, esifana nesifo sika-Parkinson okanye isifo sikaHuntington (esiqheleke kakhulu kwi-dysarthria kune-aphasia)
• Amazinyo okufakelwa angafanelekanga kakuhle
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza asebenza kwinkqubo ye-nervous system, njenge-narcotic, phenytoin, okanye i-carbamazepine
• Ukubetha
• Ukuhlaselwa kweschemic okwethutyana (TIA)

IZIPHazamiso ZELIZWI

• Ukukhula okanye amaqhuqhuva kwiintambo zezwi
• Abantu abasebenzisa ilizwi labo kakhulu (abafundisi-ntsapho, abaqeqeshi, abadlali bezwi) kunokwenzeka ukuba baphuhlise ukuphazamiseka kwelizwi.

Kwi-dysarthria, iindlela zokunceda ukuphucula unxibelelwano zibandakanya ukuthetha kancinci kunye nokusebenzisa izijekulo zesandla. Usapho kunye nabahlobo kufuneka banike ixesha elininzi kwabo banengxaki yokuzibonakalisa. Ukuchwetheza kwifowuni okanye ukusebenzisa ipeni nephepha kunokunceda kunxibelelwano.

Kwi-aphasia, amalungu osapho anokufuna ukubonelela ngezikhumbuzo zokuqhelaniswa rhoqo, ezinje ngomhla weveki. Ukudideka kunye nokudideka kuhlala kwenzeka kunye ne-aphasia, kwaye ukusebenzisa iindlela ezingathethiyo zonxibelelwano kunokunceda.

Kubalulekile ukugcina imeko-bume ezolileyo, ezolileyo kunye nokugcina imeko yangaphandle ikubuncinci.

• Thetha kwilizwi eliqhelekileyo lelizwi (le meko ayisiyiyo ingxaki yokuva okanye yeemvakalelo).
• Sebenzisa amabinzana alula ukunqanda ukungaqondani.
• Musa ukucinga ukuba umntu uyaqonda.
• Nika izixhobo zonxibelelwano, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kuxhomekeke emntwini nakwimeko.

Ingcebiso ngempilo yengqondo inokunceda kuxinzelelo okanye unxunguphalo oluninzi lwabantu abanesiphene ekuthetheni abanalo.

Nxibelelana nomboneleli ukuba:

• Ukonakala okanye ukulahleka konxibelelwano kuza ngesiquphe
• Kukho nakuphi na ukungachazeki kwentetho okanye ulwimi olubhaliweyo

Ngaphandle kokuba iingxaki ziye zavela emva komsitho ongxamisekileyo, umboneleli uya kuthatha imbali yezonyango kwaye enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Imbali yezonyango inokufuna uncedo losapho okanye lwabahlobo.

Umboneleli uya kuthi abuze malunga nokukhubazeka kwentetho. Imibuzo inokubandakanya xa ingxaki iphuhlisiwe, nokuba ingaba wenzakele na, kwaye ngawaphi amayeza umntu awasebenzisayo.

Iimvavanyo zokuchonga ezinokuthi zenziwe zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• I-angiography yeCerebral yokujonga ukuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo
• Iskena se-CT okanye se-MRI sentloko ukukhangela iingxaki ezinje ngethumba
• I-EEG yokulinganisa ukusebenza kombane kwingqondo
• I-Electromyography (EMG) yokujonga impilo yezihlunu kunye neerval ezilawula izihlunu
• Ukugqobhoza i-Lumbar ukujonga ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal olujikeleze ingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo
• Uvavanyo lomchamo
• X-reyi yokakayi

Ukuba iimvavanyo zifumana ezinye iingxaki zonyango, kuya kufuneka kuboniswane nabanye oogqirha abaziingcali.

Ukufumana uncedo kwingxaki yokuthetha, ingcali kwezentetho kunye nolwimi okanye unontlalontle kuya kufuneka athethathethane.

Ukukhubazeka kolwimi; Ukungakwazi ukuthetha; Ukungakwazi ukuthetha; UAphasia; IDysarthria; Intetho egudileyo; Ukuphazamiseka kwelizwi eDysphonia

IKirshner HS. IAphasia kunye ne-aphasic syndromes. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 13.

IKirshner HS. IDysarthria kunye neapraxia yentetho. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 14.

IRossi RP, uKortte JH, iPalmer JB. Ukuthetha kunye nokuphazamiseka kolwimi. Ku: UFrontera WR, iSilver JK, uRizzo TD Jr, ii-eds. Iimfuno zoNyango loMzimba kunye noVuselelo. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 155.