Umbala wolusu oluxakekileyo

Umbala wolusu olonakalisiweyo ziindawo apho umbala wolusu ungahambelaniyo kunye nokukhanya okanye iindawo ezimnyama. Ulusu oluhambayo okanye olunamafutha lubhekisa kutshintsho lwesitya segazi kulusu olubangela ukubonakala okubonakalayo.

Ukungaqheleki kokutshintsha kombala kolusu kunokubangelwa:

• Utshintsho kwi-melanin, into eveliswa kwiiseli zolusu ezinika ulusu umbala walo
• Ukukhula kwebhaktiriya okanye ezinye izinto kulusu
• Utywala lwegazi (vascular) utshintsho
• Ukudumba ngenxa yokuba kukho irhashalala ethile

Oku kulandelayo kunokunyusa okanye kunciphise imveliso ye-melanin:

• Imfuza yakho
• Ubushushu
• Ukwenzakala
• Ukubonakaliswa kwimisebe (efana nelanga)
• Ukuboniswa kwinyithi enzima
• Utshintsho kumanqanaba ehomoni
• Ezinye iimeko ezifana ne-vitiligo
• Usulelo oluthile lokungunda
• Irhashalala ethile

Ukuvezwa lilanga okanye ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV), ngakumbi emva kokuthatha iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-psoralens, kunokunyusa umbala wesikhumba (i-pigmentation). Ukonyuka kwemveliso yombala kuthiwa yi-hyperpigmentation, kwaye kunokubangela irhashalala ethile kunye nokuvezwa lilanga.

Ukuhla kwemveliso yombala kuthiwa yi-hypopigmentation.

Ukutshintsha kombala wolusu kunokuba yimeko yabo, okanye kunokubangelwa zezinye iimeko zonyango okanye ukuphazamiseka.

Unobumba obuninzi obunokunceda ekuchongeni izifo zesikhumba onokukwazi ukuziphuhlisa. Umzekelo, abantu abanolusu olukhanyayo banovakalelo ngakumbi elangeni nakwimonakalo. Oku kuphakamisa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu. Kodwa nakubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, ukukhanya kakhulu kwelanga kunokukhokelela kumhlaza womhlaza.

Imizekelo yolona hlobo lomhlaza lolusu zii-basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, kunye ne-melanoma.

Ngokubanzi, utshintsho lombala wolusu luyinzipho kwaye aluchaphazeli impilo yomzimba. Kodwa, uxinzelelo lwengqondo lunokwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho lombala. Olunye utshintsho lwe-pigment lunokuba luphawu lokuba usemngciphekweni wezinye iingxaki zonyango.

Izizathu zokutshintsha kwe-pigment zingabandakanya nayiphi na kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Amabala
• Iindawo zeCafé-au-lait
• Ukusika, ukukrwela, amanxeba, ukulunywa zizinambuzane kunye nosulelo oluncinci lolusu
• Erythrasma
• IMelasma (chloasma)
• Melanoma
• Iinyumasi (nevi), isiqu se-nevi, okanye i-nevi enkulu
• Isikhumba se-melanocytosis
• Pityriasis alba
• Unyango ngemitha
• Rashes
• Ubuntununtunu elangeni ngenxa yeempendulo zamayeza okanye iziyobisi ezithile
• Ukutshiswa lilanga okanye ilanga
• Uhlobo lweTinea
• Ukufaka i-sunscreen ngokungalinganiyo, kukhokelela kwiindawo ezinokutsha, i-tan, kwaye akukho tan
• Vitiligo
• I-Acanthosis nigricans

Ngamanye amaxesha, umbala oqhelekileyo wolusu ubuya ngokwawo.

Unokusebenzisa iikhrimu ezinamayeza ezihambisa iblitshi okanye zikhanyise ulusu ukunciphisa ukutshintsha kombala okanye kwithoni yolusu apho iindawo ezinobushushu zinkulu okanye zibonakalayo. Jonga ugqirha wakho wesikhumba kuqala malunga nokusebenzisa ezo mveliso. Landela imiyalelo ekwiphakheji malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa ezo mveliso.

I-Selenium sulfide (i-Selsun Blue), i-ketoconazole, okanye i-tolnaftate (i-Tinactin) i-lotion inokukunceda ukunyanga i-tinea versicolor, sisifo sokungunda esinokubonakala njengamachaphaza e-hypopigmented. Faka isicelo njengoko kuyalelwe kwindawo echaphazelekayo yonke imihla de amabala abalahlekayo aphele. I-Tinea versicolor ihlala ibuya, nangonyango.

Unokusebenzisa izinto zokuthambisa okanye iidayi zolusu ukufihla utshintsho lombala wolusu. I-Makeup inokunceda ukufihla ulusu olunamabala, kodwa ayizukuyinyanga ingxaki.

Kuphephe ukubekwa elangeni kakhulu kwaye usebenzise isithinteli selanga nge-SPF ubuncinci abangama-30. Ulusu olunelanga olutshisiweyo lutshiswa lula lilanga, kwaye ulusu olunamachaphaza amnyama lunokuba mnyama ngakumbi. Kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama, ukonakala kolusu kunokubangela i-hyperpigmentation esisigxina.

Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ukuba:

• Unalo naluphi na utshintsho lwebala lolusu olungenaso isizathu esaziwayo
• Uyabona i-mole entsha okanye enye ukukhula
• Ukukhula okukhoyo kutshintshe umbala, ubungakanani, okanye inkangeleko

Ugqirha uya kuvavanya ngenyameko ulusu lwakho kwaye abuze malunga nembali yakho yezonyango. Uyakucelwa kwakhona malunga neempawu zakho zolusu, njengaxa wawuqala ukubona utshintsho lotshintsho kulusu lwakho, ukuba luqale ngequbuliso, kwaye ukuba wenzakele kulusu.

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa lunokubandakanya:

• Ukukhutshwa kwezilonda kulusu
• Ulusu lwe-biopsy
• Isibane seenkuni (ukukhanya kwelanga) iimviwo zolusu
• Uvavanyo lwegazi

Unyango luya kuxhomekeka ekuchongeni ingxaki yesikhumba sakho.

Idyschromia; Ukuhamba

• I-Acanthosis nigricans-ukusondela
• I-Acanthosis nigricans esandleni
• I-Neurofibromatosis-indawo enkulu ye-cafe-au-lait
• IVitiligo - iziyobisi ezenziweyo
• Vitiligo ebusweni
• Halo nevus

UCalonje E, uBrenn T, uLazar AJ, uBill SD. Ukuphazamiseka kombala. Ku: Calonje E, Brenn T, uLazar AJ, uBillings SD, ii-eds. IPathology kaMcKee yoLusu. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 20.

IPatterson JW. Ukuphazamiseka kombala. Ku: Patterson JW, ed. Weedon's Ulusu lwezifo. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 11.

Ubriani RR, Clarke LE, Ming M. Ukuphazamiseka okungafakwanga kweplastikhi kwembala. Ku: Busam KJ, ed. Dermatopathology. Ngomhla wesi-2. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 7.