Ukuqaphela udidi 2 lweSifo seSwekile

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile
• Ukuchama rhoqo okanye ukwanda
• Unxaniwe
• Ukudinwa
• Umbono omfiliba
• Izifo ezenzeka rhoqo kunye nezilonda
• Iimpawu ezingxamisekileyo zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile
• Iimpawu zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile ebantwaneni
• Unyango lwendlela yokuphila
• Ukujonga eswekile yegazi
• Ukutya okusempilweni
• Umsebenzi womzimba
• Amayeza kunye ne-insulin
• IMetformin
• Isulfonylureas
• Meglitinides
• Uyenazididioniones
• I-Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors
• I-Glucagon-efana ne-peptide-1 receptor agonists (i-GLP-1 receptor agonists)
• Umthuthi we-sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors
• Unyango lwe-insulin
• Imbonakalo

Iimpawu zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile

Uhlobo lwe-2 lweswekile sisifo esinganyangekiyo esinokubangela ukuba iswekile egazini (iswekile) ibe phezulu kunesiqhelo. Uninzi lwabantu aluziva zimpawu ngohlobo lwesifo seswekile. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zikhona kwaye ukukwazi ukuzibona kubalulekile. Uninzi lweempawu zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile zenzeka xa amanqanaba eswekile esegazini ephezulu kakhulu ngokungaqhelekanga.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile zibandakanya:

• ukunxanwa ngokugqithiseleyo
• ukuchama rhoqo okanye ukwanda, ngakumbi ebusuku
• indlala egqithileyo
• ukudinwa
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• izilonda okanye amanxeba angenakuphola

Ukuba ufumana ezinye zeempawu rhoqo, thetha nogqirha wakho. Banokucebisa ukuba uvavanyelwe isifo seswekile, esenziwa ngokutsalwa kwegazi okusisiseko. Ukuhlolwa kweswekile ngesiqhelo kuqala kubudala beminyaka engama-45.

Nangona kunjalo, ingaqala kwangoko ukuba:

• ukutyeba kakhulu
• ukuhlala phantsi
• ichaphazeleka luxinzelelo lwegazi, ngoku okanye xa ukhulelwe
• ukusuka kusapho olunembali yohlobo lweswekile 2
• ukusuka kwimvelaphi yobuhlanga enomngcipheko ophezulu wohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile
• kumngcipheko ophezulu ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi, amanqanaba asezantsi e-cholesterol, okanye amanqanaba aphezulu e-triglyceride
• unesifo sentliziyo
• bane-polycystic ovary syndrome

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile

Ukuba unesifo seswekile, kunokukunceda ukuqonda ukuba amanqanaba eswekile yegazi ayichaphazela njani indlela oziva ngayo. Amanqanaba eglucose aphakamileyo abangela ezona mpawu ziqhelekileyo. Oku kubandakanya:

Ukuchama rhoqo okanye ukwanda

Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile anyanzela ulwelo kwiiseli zakho. Oku kwonyusa isixa samanzi esihanjiswe kwizintso. Oku kukwenza ukuba uchame ngakumbi. Isenokuphelisa namanzi emzimbeni.

Unxaniwe

Njengoko izicwili zakho ziba namanzi emzimbeni, uya kunxanwa. Ukwanda kokoma yenye yeempawu zesifo seswekile. Okukhona uchama, kokukhona kuya kufuneka usele, kwaye kungenjalo.

Ukudinwa

Ukuziva udiniwe lolunye uphawu lwesifo seswekile. Iswekile ngokuqhelekileyo yenye yemithombo ephambili yamandla emzimbeni. Xa iiseli zingakwazi ukufunxa iswekile, unokudinwa okanye uzive udiniwe.

Umbono omfiliba

Ngexesha elifutshane, amanqanaba aphezulu eglucose anokubangela ukudumba kwelensi kwiliso. Oku kukhokelela kumbono omdaka. Ukufumana iswekile yegazi lakho phantsi kolawulo kunokunceda ukulungisa iingxaki zombono. Ukuba amanqanaba eswekile yegazi ahlala ephezulu ixesha elide, ezinye iingxaki zamehlo zinokwenzeka.

Izifo ezenzeka rhoqo kunye nezilonda

Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile angenza kube nzima ukuba umzimba wakho uphilise. Ke ngoko, ukwenzakala okufana nokusikwa kunye nezilonda zihlala zivulekile ixesha elide. Oku kubenza babe sengozini yosulelo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abaqapheli ukuba banamazinga aphezulu eswekile yegazi ngenxa yokuba bengaziva naziphi na iimpawu. Iswekile yegazi ephezulu inokukhokelela kwiingxaki zexesha elide, ezinje:

• umngcipheko ophezulu wesifo sentliziyo
• iingxaki zeenyawo
• umonakalo wemithambo-luvo
• izifo zamehlo
• isifo sezintso

Abantu abanesifo seswekile basemngciphekweni wokosulelwa sisinyi esibi. Kubantu abangenaso isifo seswekile, usulelo lwesinyi luhlala lubuhlungu. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanesifo seswekile abanako ukuba noluvo lwentlungu xa uchama. Usulelo alunakufunyanwa lude lunwenwe kwizintso.

Iimpawu ezingxamisekileyo zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile

Iswekile ephezulu yegazi ibangela ukonakala kwexesha elide emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, iswekile esezantsi yegazi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypoglycemia, kunokuba yimeko engxamisekileyo kwezonyango. I-Hypoglycemia yenzeka xa kukho amanqanaba asezantsi eswekile egazini. Kubantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2, kuphela ngabo bakumayeza anyusa amanqanaba e-insulin yomzimba abasemngciphekweni weswekile esezantsi yegazi.

Iimpawu zehypoglycemia zibandakanya:

• ndingcangcazela
• isiyezi
• indlala
• intloko ebuhlungu
• ukubila
• unengxaki yokucinga
• ukucaphuka okanye ukudakumba
• ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza

Ukuba ukwamayeza anyusa inani le-insulin emzimbeni wakho, qiniseka ukuba uyayazi indlela yokunyanga iswekile esezantsi yegazi.

Iimpawu zohlobo lwesibini lweswekile ebantwaneni

Ngokwe-Mayo Clinic, abanye abantwana abanesifo seswekile sesi-2 abanakho ukubonisa naziphi na iimpawu, ngelixa abanye besenza. Kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha womntwana wakho ukuba umntwana wakho unazo naziphi na izinto ezinobungozi-nokuba azibonisi mpawu ziqhelekileyo.

Izinto zomngcipheko zibandakanya:

• ubunzima (ukuba ne-BMI ngaphezulu kwe-85th percentile)
• ukungasebenzi
• isalamane segazi esisondeleyo esinesifo seswekile sesi-2
• ubuhlanga (i-Afrika-yaseMelika, i-Hispanic, i-Native American, i-Asia-American kunye ne-Pacific Islander ziboniswa zineziganeko eziphezulu)

Abantwana ababonisa iimpawu bafumana uninzi lweempawu ezifanayo nezabantu abadala:

• ukudinwa (ukuziva udiniwe kwaye ucaphukile)
• ukwanda kwenxano kunye nokuchama
• ukwanda kwindlala
• ukunciphisa umzimba (ukutya ngaphezu kwesiqhelo kodwa usancipha)
• iindawo zolusu olumnyama
• izilonda ezicothayo
• ukungaboni kakuhle

Unyango lwendlela yokuphila

Unokufuna amayeza omlomo kunye nokunyanga i-insulin yohlobo lwesibini lweswekile. Ukulawula iswekile yegazi ngokujonga ngokusondeleyo, ukutya, kunye nokuzilolonga nako kubalulekile kwizonyango. Ngelixa abanye abantu bekwazi ukulawula uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile ngokutya kunye nokuzilolonga kuphela, kuya kufuneka usoloko ujonga nogqirha wakho malunga nonyango olulungele wena.

Ukujonga eswekile yegazi

Ekuphela kwendlela onokuthi uqiniseke ukuba inqanaba leswekile yegazi uhlala ngaphakathi kuluhlu lwakho ekujolise kulo kukujonga. Kuya kufuneka ujonge kwaye urekhode amanqanaba eswekile yegazi amaxesha ngamaxesha ngemini okanye kuphela amaxesha ngamaxesha. Oku kuxhomekeke kwisicwangciso sakho sonyango.

Ukutya okusempilweni

Akukho ndlela ityiwayo icetyiswayo kubantu abane-2 yeswekile. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ukutya kwakho kugxile kwiziqhamo, imifuno, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo. Oku kukutya okunamafutha asezantsi, ukutya okunefayibha eninzi. Kuya kufuneka unciphise iilekese, iicarbohydrate ezicokisekileyo kunye neemveliso zezilwanyana. Ukutya okunesalathiso esisezantsi se-glycemic (ukutya okugcina iswekile esegazini izinzile) ikwalabo bane-2 yeswekile.

Ugqirha wakho okanye ugqirha wezidlo obhalisiweyo unokunceda ekudaleni isicwangciso sokutya. Banokukufundisa indlela yokujonga ukutya kwakho ukugcina inqanaba leswekile esegazini.

Umsebenzi womzimba

Ukuzilolonga rhoqo kubalulekile kwabo bane-2 yeswekile. Kufuneka wenze umthambo ube yinxalenye yemihla ngemihla. Kulula xa ukhetha imisebenzi oyithandayo, njengokuhamba, ukuqubha, okanye imidlalo. Qiniseka ukuba ufumana imvume yogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuqala nawuphi na umthambo. Ukutshintsha phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuzilolonga kunokuba nokusebenza ngakumbi kunokunamathela kwenye.

Kubalulekile ukuba ujonge amanqanaba eswekile yegazi ngaphambi kokuba wenze umthambo. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kunokunciphisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi. Ukuthintela iswekile esezantsi yegazi, unokucinga ngokutya i-snack ngaphambi kokuba wenze umthambo.

Amayeza kunye ne-insulin

Unako okanye ungadingi amayeza kunye ne-insulin ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile yegazi. Le yinto eza kugqitywa zizinto ezininzi, ezinje ngezinye iimeko zempilo onazo, kunye namanqanaba eswekile yegazi lakho.

Amanye amayeza onyango lweswekile sesi-2 ngala:

IMetformin

Eli liyeza lihlala liyeza lokuqala elimiselweyo. Inceda umzimba wakho usebenzise i-insulin ngokufanelekileyo. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubangelwa sisicaphucaphu kunye nohudo. Ezi zihlala zihamba njengoko umzimba wakho uziqhelanisa nayo.

Ngo-Meyi ka-2020, kucetyiswa ukuba abanye abenzi be-metformin bandise ukukhutshwa kwezinye zeetafile zabo kwintengiso yase-US. Kungenxa yokuba inqanaba elingamkelekanga le-carcinogen enokubakho (iarhente ebangela umhlaza) yafunyanwa kwezinye iipilisi ze-metformin ezandisiweyo. Ukuba ngoku uthatha eli chiza, tsalela umnikezeli wakho wezempilo. Baza kukucebisa malunga nokuba kufuneka uqhubeke na ukuthatha amayeza akho okanye ukuba ufuna iphepha elitsha.

Isulfonylureas

Eli chiza linceda umzimba wakho ukuba ubambe i-insulin engaphezulu. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho siswekile esezantsi yegazi kunye nokufumana ubunzima.

Meglitinides

La machiza asebenza njenge-sulfonylureas, kodwa ngokukhawuleza. Iziphumo zazo zikwimfutshane. Banokubangela iswekile esezantsi yegazi, kodwa umngcipheko ungaphantsi kune-sulfonylureas.

Uyenazididioniones

La machiza ayafana ne-metformin. Azihlali zikhethwa kuqala ngoogqirha ngenxa yomngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo kunye nokwaphuka.

I-Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors

La machiza anceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi. Banesiphumo sokuthozama kodwa ababangeli ukuba bazuze ubunzima. Kukho ukubakho kwepancreatitis ebukhali kunye nentlungu edibeneyo.

I-Glucagon-efana ne-peptide-1 receptor agonists (i-GLP-1 receptor agonists)

La mayeza acotha ukutya, anceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi, kunye noncedo lokwehla kobunzima. Umbutho we-American Diabetes Association (ADA) ubacebisa kwiimeko apho isifo sezintso ezinganyangekiyo (CKD), ukusilela kwentliziyo, okanye isifo se-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Abantu bafumana isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, okanye urhudo, kwaye kukho umngcipheko wokuba nezisu zamathumba.

Umthuthi we-sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors

La machiza athintela izintso ekubuyiseleni iswekile egazini. Ikhutshwe kumchamo endaweni yoko. Ziphakathi kweziyobisi ezitsha zeswekile kwimarike.

Njenge-GLP-1 receptor agonists, i-SGLT2 inhibitors ikwacetyiswa yi-ADA kwiimeko apho i-CKD, ukusilela kwentliziyo, okanye i-ASCVD iphambili.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho zibandakanya usulelo lwegwele, usulelo lomchamo, kunye nokunyusa ukuchama, kunye nokushunqulwa.

Unyango lwe-insulin

I-insulin kufuneka itofwe, njengoko ukugaya ukutya kuphazamisa xa i-insulin ithathwa ngomlomo. Idosi kunye nenaliti yenaliti efunekayo yonke imihla ixhomekeke kwisigulana ngasinye. Zininzi iintlobo ze-insulin anokuyinikwa ngugqirha. Ngamnye wabo usebenza kancinci ngokwahlukileyo. Ezinye iindlela zezi:

• I-insulin glulisine (Apidra)
• I-insulin lispro (uHumalog)
• Inxalenye ye-insulin (Novolog)
• I-insulin glargine (Lantus)
• Intshutshiso ye-insulin (Levemir)
• I-insulin isophane (Humulin N, Novolin N)

Imbonakalo

Kubalulekile ukujonga nogqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu yohlobo lwesibini lweswekile. Ukuba ushiywe unganyangwa, uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile lungakhokelela kwiinkxalabo ezinzulu zempilo kunye nomonakalo wexesha elide emzimbeni wakho. Nje ukuba uchongiwe, kukho amayeza, unyango, kunye notshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo nakwizinto zomzimba eziya kuzinzisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi.

Ngokwe-Mayo Clinic, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukuthatha iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo amaxesha ngamaxesha ukujonga:

• ifuthe legazi
• umsebenzi wezintso kunye nesibindi
• umsebenzi we-thyroid,
• amanqanaba echolesterol

Kuya kufuneka kwakhona ube novavanyo rhoqo lwenyawo nolamehlo.