Isisombululo

I-mammogram ngumfanekiso we-x-ray wamabele. Isetyenziselwa ukufumana amathumba ebele kunye nomhlaza.

Uya kucelwa ukuba ukhulule iimpahla ukusuka esinqeni ukuya phezulu. Uya kunikwa igawuni yokunxiba. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, uya kuhlala okanye ume.

Ibele elinye ngexesha liphumle kwindawo ethe tyaba equlathe i-x-reyi. Isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-compressor siya kucinezelwa ngokuqinileyo ngokuchasene nesifuba. Oku kunceda ukucaba izicubu zebele.

Imifanekiso ye-x-ray ithathwa kwii-engile ezininzi. Unokucelwa ukuba ubambe umphefumlo njengoko umfanekiso ngamnye uthathwa.

Unokucelwa ukuba ubuye emva komhla wokufumana ngakumbi imifanekiso yemammogram. Oku akusoloko kuthetha ukuba unomdlavuza webele. Umboneleli wakho wokhathalelo lwempilo unokufuna nje ukuphinda uhlolisise indawo engenakubonwa ngokucacileyo kuvavanyo lokuqala.

IINTLOBO MAMMOGRAPHY

Imammography yesintu isebenzisa ifilimu, efanayo yesiqhelo x-reyi.

I-Digital mammography yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo:

• Ngoku isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi zokuhlola amabele.
• Ivumela umfanekiso we-x-ray webele ukuba ujongwe kwaye usetyenziswe kwiscreen sekhompyuter.
• Inokuchaneka ngakumbi kubafazi abancinci abanamabele ashinyeneyo. Akukabikho ubungqina bokuba kuncedwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesetyhini wokufa ngumhlaza wesifuba xa kuthelekiswa nefilimu yemammography.

Ubume be-mammography yesithathu (i-3D) luhlobo lwe-mammography yedijithali.

SUKUSEBENZISA i-deodorant, i-perfume, i-powders, okanye i-oint phantsi kweengalo zakho okanye emabeleni akho ngosuku lwe-mammogram. Ezi zinto zinokufihla inxenye yemifanekiso. Susa bonke ubucwebe entanyeni nasendaweni yesifuba.

Xelela umboneleli wakho kunye ne-x-ray technologist ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uncancisa, okanye ukuba ngaba une-biopsy yebele.

Imiphezulu yecompressor inokuziva ibanda. Xa isifuba sicinezelwe phantsi, unokuba nentlungu. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ukuze ufumane imifanekiso esemgangathweni.

Ukwenza kwaye kufuneka kangaphi ukuba novavanyo lwe-mammogram lukhetho ekufuneka ulwenzile. Amaqela eengcali ahlukeneyo awavumelani ngokupheleleyo elona xesha lilungileyo lolu vavanyo.

Ngaphambi kokuba ube ne-mammogram, thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga neenzuzo kunye neengxaki zokuba novavanyo. Buza malunga:

• Umngcipheko womhlaza webele
• Nokuba ukuvavanywa kunciphisa ithuba lakho lokufa ngumhlaza wamabele
• Nokuba kukho nawuphi na umonakalo ekuhlolweni komhlaza webele, njengemiphumela emibi kuvavanyo okanye kunyango lomhlaza xa ifunyenwe

Imammografi iyenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe abasetyhini ukuba bafumane umhlaza webele kwangoko xa kunokwenzeka ukuba inyangeke. Imammografi iyacetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba:

• Abasetyhini baqala kwiminyaka engama-40 ubudala, baphinda yonke iminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwe-2. (Oku akucetyiswa yiyo yonke imibutho yeengcali.)
• Bonke abantu basetyhini baqala kwiminyaka yobudala engama-50, baphinda yonke iminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwe-2.
• Abasetyhini abanomama okanye udade owayenomhlaza wamabele esemncinci kufuneka baqwalasele i-mammograms yonyaka. Kuya kufuneka baqale kwangoko kuneminyaka apho kwafunyanwa elona lungu lincinci losapho.

Isigama sikwasetyenziselwa:

• Landela umfazi oye waba ne-mammogram engaqhelekanga.
• Vavanya umfazi onempawu zesifo sesifuba. Ezi mpawu zinokubandakanya isigaxa, ukukhutshwa kwengono, iintlungu zebele, ukuncipha kolusu esifubeni, utshintsho lwengono, okanye ezinye iziphumo.

Izicubu zamabele ezingabonakalisi zimpawu zobunzima okanye ukubalwa kuthathwa njengesiqhelo.

Uninzi lweziphumo ezingaqhelekanga kwi-mammogram yovavanyo ziya kuba zilungile (hayi umhlaza) okanye akukho nto inokukhathazeka ngayo. Iziphumo ezintsha okanye utshintsho kufuneka ziphinde zivavanywe.

Ugqirha we-radiology (i-radiologist) unokubona ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zophando kwi-mammogram:

• Indawo echazwe kakuhle, eqhelekileyo, ecacileyo (oku kunokwenzeka ukuba ibe yimeko yokungabinomdla, njenge cyst)
• Ubunzima okanye amaqhuma
• Iindawo ezixineneyo ebeleni ezinokuba ngumhlaza wamabele okanye ukufihla umhlaza webele
• Ukubalwa, okubangelwa yidipozithi encinci yecalcium kwithishu yamabele (uninzi lwezibalo alulophawu lomhlaza)

Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo ziyafuneka ukuqhubeka nokuvavanya iziphumo ze-mammogram:

• Ukongezwa kweembono ze-mammogram, kubandakanya ukukhulisa okanye ukubonwa koxinzelelo
• I-ultrasound yamabele
• Uvavanyo lwe-MRI yebele (kunqabile ukwenziwa)

Ukuthelekisa i-mammogram yakho yangoku kwii-mammograms zakho zangaphambili kunceda ugqirha we-radiologist axelele ukuba ubufumene ngokungaqhelekanga kwixesha elidlulileyo nokuba utshintshile.

Xa iziphumo ze-mammogram okanye ze-ultrasound zikhangeleka zikrokrela, kwenziwa i-biopsy kuvavanyo lwethishu kwaye ibone ukuba ingaba unomhlaza na. Iindidi zebhayoloji zibandakanya:

• Stereotactic
• I-Ultrasound
• Vula

Inqanaba lemitha liphantsi kwaye nawuphina umngcipheko osuka kwimammography uphantsi kakhulu. Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye ufuna ukujongwa ngendlela engaqhelekanga, indawo yesisu sakho iya kugutyungelwa kwaye ikhuselwe yifaskoti ekhokelayo.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwemammography akwenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye xa uncancisa.

Isigama; Umhlaza webele - mammography; Umhlaza webele - uhlolo lwe-mammography; Ibele - ibele; I-tomosynthesis yebele

• Ibele labasetyhini
• Amaqhuma amabele
• Oonobangela besi sifo
• Idlala ndlongondlongo
• Ukukhutshwa okungaqhelekanga kwingono
• Utshintsho lwebele lweFibrocystic
• Imigrafi

Umbutho waseMelika woMhlaza. Iingcebiso zeAmerican Cancer Society malunga nokufunyanwa kwangoko komhlaza wamabele. www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-3 ka-Okthobha i-2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.

Ikholeji yaseMelika yoNyango kunye ne-Gynecologists (ACOG) iwebhusayithi. I-ACOG Practice Bulletin: Uvavanyo lomngcipheko webele kunye nokuhlolwa kwabafazi abasemngciphekweni. www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Practice-Bulletins/Committee-on-Practice-Bulletins-Gynecology/Breast-Cancer-Risk-Assessment-and-Screening-in-Average-Risk-Women. Inombolo 179, Julayi 2017. Ifikeleleke ngoJanuwari 23, 2020.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Uvavanyo lomhlaza webele (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-screening-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJuni 19, 2017. Kufikeleleke ngoDisemba 18, 2019.

Siu AL; Umsebenzi woKhuseleko kwi-US. Ukuvavanywa komhlaza wamabele: Isiteyitimenti sokuCetyiswa kweeNkonzo zoThintelo lwe-US. UAnn Intern Med. Ngo-2016; 164 (4): 279-296. IINKCUKACHA: 26757170 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757170.