Amanqaku ka-Apgar
U-Apgar luvavanyo olukhawulezileyo olwenziwe emntwaneni kwimizuzu emi-1 ukuya kwemihlanu emva kokuzalwa. Inqaku lomzuzu-1 limisela ukuba umntwana uyinyamezele njani inkqubo yokuzala. Amanqaku emizuzu emi-5 axelela umboneleli wezempilo ukuba uqhuba njani umntwana ngaphandle kwesibeleko sikanina.
Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, uvavanyo luya kwenziwa kwimizuzu eli-10 emva kokuzalwa.
UVirginia Apgar, MD (1909-1974) wazisa amanqaku e-Apgar ngo-1952.
Uvavanyo luka-Apgar lwenziwa ngugqirha, umbelekisi, okanye umongikazi. Umboneleli uvavanya umntwana:
- Umzamo wokuphefumla
- Inqanaba lentliziyo
- Ithoni yezihlunu
- Ukucinga
- Umbala wolusu
Icandelo ngalinye linikwe amanqaku ngo-0, 1, okanye 2, kuxhomekeke kwimeko ebonwayo.
Umzamo wokuphefumla:
- Ukuba usana aluphefumli, amanqaku okuphefumla ayi-0.
- Ukuba ukuphefumla kuhamba kancinci okanye akuqhelekanga, amanqaku omntwana kwi-1 yomgudu wokuphefumla.
- Ukuba usana lukhala kakuhle, amanqaku okuphefumla ayi-2.
Isantya sentliziyo sivavanywa yi-stethoscope. Olu lolona vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu:
- Ukuba akukho kubetha kwentliziyo, usana lufumana amanqaku angama-0 ngenqanaba lokubetha kwentliziyo.
- Ukuba izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo lingaphantsi kwe-100 beats ngomzuzu, inqaku labantwana elingu-1 ngenqanaba lentliziyo.
- Ukuba izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo likhulu kunokubetha kwe-100 ngomzuzu, amanqaku elintsana angama-2 kwinqanaba lentliziyo.
Ithoni yezihlunu:
- Ukuba izihlunu zikhululekile kwaye ziyi-floppy, usana lufumana amanqaku angama-0 kwithoni yemisipha.
- Ukuba kukho ithoni yemisipha, amanqaku elintsana 1.
- Ukuba kukho intshukumo esebenzayo, amanqaku elintsana ama-2 kwithoni yemisipha.
Impendulo yeGrimace okanye ukucaphuka kwe-reflex ligama elichaza impendulo kukhuthazo, njengepinki encinci:
- Ukuba akukho mpendulo, usana lufumana amanqaku angama-0 okuba nochuku.
- Ukuba kukho ukungcangcazela, amanqaku abantwana kwi-1 ye-reflexability.
- Ukuba kukho ukungcangcazela kunye nokukhohlela, ukuthimla, okanye ukukhala ngamandla, usana lufumana amanqaku ama-2 okuba nochuku.
Umbala wolusu:
- Ukuba ibala lolusu liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, usana lufumana amanqaku ayi-0 ngombala.
- Ukuba umzimba upinki kwaye imiphetho iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amanqaku elusana ali-1 ngombala.
- Ukuba wonke umzimba upinki, usana lufumana amanqaku ama-2 ngombala.
Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa lufuna uncedo lokuphefumla okanye lunengxaki yentliziyo.
Amanqaku e-Apgar asekwe kumanqaku e-1 ukuya kwi-10. Ukuphakama kwenqaku, kokukhona umntwana esenza ngcono emva kokuzalwa.
Amanqaku asi-7, 8, okanye ali-9 aqhelekileyo kwaye luphawu lokuba usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa lusempilweni. Amanqaku ali-10 ayiqhelekanga kakhulu, kuba phantse lonke usana luphulukana nenqaku elinye lezandla neenyawo eziluhlaza, nto leyo eqhelekileyo emva kokuzalwa.
Nawaphi na amanqaku angaphantsi kwesi-7 ngumqondiso wokuba umntwana ufuna unyango. Amanqaku asezantsi, kokukhona umntwana kufuneka ancede apha naphaya esibelekweni sikanina.
Uninzi lwamaxesha amanqaku aphantsi e-Apgar abangelwa ngu:
- Unzima ukuzalwa
- Icandelo le-C
- Ulwelo kwindlela yomoya yosana
Usana olunamanqaku asezantsi e-Apgar lunokufuna:
- Ioksijini kunye nokucoca indlela yomoya ukunceda ngokuphefumla
- Ukuvuselelwa komzimba ukubetha kwentliziyo kwinqanaba elinempilo
Uninzi lwexesha, amanqaku asezantsi kwimizuzu eli-1 asondele-ngesiqhelo ngemizuzu emi-5.
Amanqaku e-Apgar asezantsi awathethi ukuba umntwana uya kuba neengxaki ezinzulu okanye zexesha elide. Amanqaku e-Apgar ayenzelwanga ukuqikelela impilo yomntwana kwikamva.
Usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa; Ukuhanjiswa-Apgar
- Unonophelo lwabantwana emva kokubeleka
- Uvavanyo olusandul 'ukuzalwa
U-Arulkumaran S. Ukujongwa komntwana kubasebenzi. Ku: Arulkumaran SS, Robson MS, ii-eds. Umsebenzi we-Obroetrics ye-Munro Kerr. Umhla we-13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 9.
Ukunyaniseka NK. Usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 113.