Amanqaku ka-Apgar

U-Apgar luvavanyo olukhawulezileyo olwenziwe emntwaneni kwimizuzu emi-1 ukuya kwemihlanu emva kokuzalwa. Inqaku lomzuzu-1 limisela ukuba umntwana uyinyamezele njani inkqubo yokuzala. Amanqaku emizuzu emi-5 axelela umboneleli wezempilo ukuba uqhuba njani umntwana ngaphandle kwesibeleko sikanina.

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, uvavanyo luya kwenziwa kwimizuzu eli-10 emva kokuzalwa.

UVirginia Apgar, MD (1909-1974) wazisa amanqaku e-Apgar ngo-1952.

Uvavanyo luka-Apgar lwenziwa ngugqirha, umbelekisi, okanye umongikazi. Umboneleli uvavanya umntwana:

• Umzamo wokuphefumla
• Inqanaba lentliziyo
• Ithoni yezihlunu
• Ukucinga
• Umbala wolusu

Icandelo ngalinye linikwe amanqaku ngo-0, 1, okanye 2, kuxhomekeke kwimeko ebonwayo.

Umzamo wokuphefumla:

• Ukuba usana aluphefumli, amanqaku okuphefumla ayi-0.
• Ukuba ukuphefumla kuhamba kancinci okanye akuqhelekanga, amanqaku omntwana kwi-1 yomgudu wokuphefumla.
• Ukuba usana lukhala kakuhle, amanqaku okuphefumla ayi-2.

Isantya sentliziyo sivavanywa yi-stethoscope. Olu lolona vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu:

• Ukuba akukho kubetha kwentliziyo, usana lufumana amanqaku angama-0 ngenqanaba lokubetha kwentliziyo.
• Ukuba izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo lingaphantsi kwe-100 beats ngomzuzu, inqaku labantwana elingu-1 ngenqanaba lentliziyo.
• Ukuba izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo likhulu kunokubetha kwe-100 ngomzuzu, amanqaku elintsana angama-2 kwinqanaba lentliziyo.

Ithoni yezihlunu:

• Ukuba izihlunu zikhululekile kwaye ziyi-floppy, usana lufumana amanqaku angama-0 kwithoni yemisipha.
• Ukuba kukho ithoni yemisipha, amanqaku elintsana 1.
• Ukuba kukho intshukumo esebenzayo, amanqaku elintsana ama-2 kwithoni yemisipha.

Impendulo yeGrimace okanye ukucaphuka kwe-reflex ligama elichaza impendulo kukhuthazo, njengepinki encinci:

• Ukuba akukho mpendulo, usana lufumana amanqaku angama-0 okuba nochuku.
• Ukuba kukho ukungcangcazela, amanqaku abantwana kwi-1 ye-reflexability.
• Ukuba kukho ukungcangcazela kunye nokukhohlela, ukuthimla, okanye ukukhala ngamandla, usana lufumana amanqaku ama-2 okuba nochuku.

Umbala wolusu:

• Ukuba ibala lolusu liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, usana lufumana amanqaku ayi-0 ngombala.
• Ukuba umzimba upinki kwaye imiphetho iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amanqaku elusana ali-1 ngombala.
• Ukuba wonke umzimba upinki, usana lufumana amanqaku ama-2 ngombala.

Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa lufuna uncedo lokuphefumla okanye lunengxaki yentliziyo.

Amanqaku e-Apgar asekwe kumanqaku e-1 ukuya kwi-10. Ukuphakama kwenqaku, kokukhona umntwana esenza ngcono emva kokuzalwa.

Amanqaku asi-7, 8, okanye ali-9 aqhelekileyo kwaye luphawu lokuba usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa lusempilweni. Amanqaku ali-10 ayiqhelekanga kakhulu, kuba phantse lonke usana luphulukana nenqaku elinye lezandla neenyawo eziluhlaza, nto leyo eqhelekileyo emva kokuzalwa.

Nawaphi na amanqaku angaphantsi kwesi-7 ngumqondiso wokuba umntwana ufuna unyango. Amanqaku asezantsi, kokukhona umntwana kufuneka ancede apha naphaya esibelekweni sikanina.

Uninzi lwamaxesha amanqaku aphantsi e-Apgar abangelwa ngu:

• Unzima ukuzalwa
• Icandelo le-C
• Ulwelo kwindlela yomoya yosana

Usana olunamanqaku asezantsi e-Apgar lunokufuna:

• Ioksijini kunye nokucoca indlela yomoya ukunceda ngokuphefumla
• Ukuvuselelwa komzimba ukubetha kwentliziyo kwinqanaba elinempilo

Uninzi lwexesha, amanqaku asezantsi kwimizuzu eli-1 asondele-ngesiqhelo ngemizuzu emi-5.

Amanqaku e-Apgar asezantsi awathethi ukuba umntwana uya kuba neengxaki ezinzulu okanye zexesha elide. Amanqaku e-Apgar ayenzelwanga ukuqikelela impilo yomntwana kwikamva.

Usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa; Ukuhanjiswa-Apgar

• Unonophelo lwabantwana emva kokubeleka
• Uvavanyo olusandul 'ukuzalwa

U-Arulkumaran S. Ukujongwa komntwana kubasebenzi. Ku: Arulkumaran SS, Robson MS, ii-eds. Umsebenzi we-Obroetrics ye-Munro Kerr. Umhla we-13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 9.

Ukunyaniseka NK. Usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl 113.