Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-Osmolality

I-Osmolality luvavanyo olulinganisa uxinzelelo lwazo zonke amasuntswana eekhemikhali afumaneka kwinxalenye yegazi.

I-Osmolality inokulinganiswa novavanyo lomchamo.

Isampulu yegazi iyafuneka.

Landela nayiphi na imiyalelo evela kumboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokungatyi ngaphambi kovavanyo. Umboneleli wakho angakuxelela ukuba uyeke okwexeshana nawaphi na amayeza anokuphazamisa iziphumo zovavanyo. Amayeza anjalo anokubandakanya iipilisi zamanzi (i-diuretics).

Xa kufakwa inaliti ukutsala igazi, abanye abantu baziva iintlungu eziphakathi. Abanye baziva ngathi batyhafile okanye batyhafile. Emva koko, kunokubakho ukubetha okanye ukukrala kancinci. Oku kuya kuhamba kungekudala.

Olu vavanyo lunceda ukujonga ubungakanani bamanzi emzimbeni wakho. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo ukuba unempawu zalo naluphi na olu lulandelayo:

• Isodiyam ephantsi (hyponatremia) okanye ukulahleka kwamanzi
• Ityhefu evela kwizinto ezinobungozi ezinje nge-ethanol, methanol, okanye i-ethylene glycol
• Iingxaki ukuvelisa umchamo

Kubantu abasempilweni, xa i-osmolality egazini iba phezulu, umzimba ukhupha i-antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Le hormone ibangela ukuba izintso ziphinde zisebenzise amanzi. Oku kubangela umchamo ojolise ngakumbi. Amanzi abuyiselweyo abuye angcolise igazi. Oku kuvumela i-osmolality yegazi ukuba ibuyele esiqhelweni.

I-osmolality yegazi esezantsi icinezela i-ADH. Oku kunciphisa ubuninzi bamanzi kwizintso eziphinda ziphinde zenziwe. Nciphisa umchamo ukuze kupheliswe amanzi agqithisileyo, awonyusa ukubola kwegazi abuyele esiqhelweni.

Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo aqala kwi-275 ukuya kwi-295 mOsm / kg (275 ukuya kwi-295 mmol / kg).

Amaxabiso esiqhelo ahluka kancinci phakathi kweelebhu ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye iilebhu zisebenzisa imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo okanye ukuvavanya iisampulu ezahlukeneyo. Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nentsingiselo yeziphumo zakho zovavanyo.

Inqanaba eliphezulu kuneliqhelekileyo linokubangelwa:

• Isifo seswekile
• Inqanaba leswekile yegazi ephezulu (hyperglycemia)
• Inqanaba eliphezulu leemveliso zeNitrogen egazini (uremia)
• Inqanaba le-sodium ephezulu (hypernatremia)
• Ukubetha kwentloko okanye ukwenzakala entloko kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukufihlwa kwe-ADH
• Ukuphulukana namanzi (ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni)

Amanqanaba asezantsi kunesiqhelo anokubangelwa:

• Uxinzelelo lwe-ADH
• I-adrenal gland ayisebenzi ngokuqhelekileyo
• Iimeko ezinxulumene nomhlaza wemiphunga (kubangela isifo semveliso engafanelekanga ye-ADH, okanye i-SIADH)
• Ukusela amanzi kakhulu okanye ulwelo
• Inqanaba le-sodium ephantsi (hyponatremia)
• I-SIADH, imeko apho umzimba wenza i-ADH eninzi kakhulu
• Ukungasebenzi kwe-thyroid gland (hypothyroidism)

Akukho mngcipheko ubandakanyekileyo ekuthatheni igazi lakho. Imithambo kunye nemithambo iyahluka ngobukhulu ukusuka kwisigulana esinye ukuya kwelinye nakwelinye icala lomzimba liye kwelinye. Ukuthatha igazi kwabanye abantu kunokuba nzima ngakumbi kunabanye.

Eminye imingcipheko enxulumene nokutsalwa kwegazi incinci kodwa inokubandakanya:

• Ukopha kakhulu
• Ukufa isiqaqa okanye ukuziva ungenantloko
• Ukugqobhoza okuninzi ukufumana imithambo
• I-Hematoma (igazi eliqokelela phantsi kwesikhumba)
• Usulelo (umngcipheko omncinci nangaliphi na ixesha ulusu lwaphukile)

• Uvavanyo lwegazi

I-Oh MS, i-Briefel G. Uvavanyo lomsebenzi we-renal, amanzi, ii-electrolyte, kunye ne-acid-base balance. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, ii-eds. Ukuchongwa kweKlinikhi kaHenry kunye noLawulo ngeendlela zeLebhu. Umhla we-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 14.

I-Verbalis JG. Ukuphazamiseka kokulinganisela kwamanzi. Ku: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, ii-eds. Brenner kunye noMphathi weZintso. Ngomhla we-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 15.