Amniocentesis

I-Amniocentesis luvavanyo olunokwenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukujonga iingxaki ezithile kusana olusakhulayo. Ezi ngxaki zibandakanya:

• Iziphene zokuzalwa
• Iingxaki zemfuza
• Usulelo
• Uphuhliso lwemiphunga

I-Amniocentesis isusa isixa esincinci samanzi kwisingxobo esingqonge usana olusesibelekweni (isibeleko). Ihlala isenziwa kwiofisi kagqirha okanye kwiziko lonyango. Awudingi kuhlala esibhedlele.

Uya kuba ne-ultrasound yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Oku kunceda umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba abone ukuba umntwana uphi na esibelekweni sakho.

Iyeza lokufaka amakhonkco liye lihlikihlwe kwinxalenye yesisu sakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, iyeza linikezelwa ngokudubula kulusu kwindawo yesisu. Ulusu lucocwa ngolwelo lweentsholongwane.

Umboneleli wakho ufaka inaliti ende, ebhityileyo esiswini sakho nakwisibeleko sakho. Inani elincinci lolwelo (malunga neetispuni ezi-4 okanye iimililitha ezingama-20) liyasuswa kwingxowa ejikeleze usana. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntwana ubukelwa yi-ultrasound ngexesha lenkqubo.

Ulwelo luthunyelwa elebhu. Uvavanyo lunokubandakanya:

• Izifundo zofuzo
• Ukulinganiswa kwamanqanaba e-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (into eveliswe kwisibindi somntwana okhulayo)
• Inkcubeko yosulelo

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwemfuzo zihlala zithatha malunga neeveki ezimbini. Ezinye iziphumo zovavanyo zibuya emva kweentsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3.

Ngamanye amaxesha i-amniocenteis ikwasetyenziswa kamva xa ukhulelwe ukuya:

• Ukuchonga usulelo
• Jonga ukuba imiphunga yosana ikhulile kwaye ilungele ukuhanjiswa
• Susa ulwelo olugqithisileyo olujikeleze usana ukuba kukho i-amniotic fluid eninzi (i-polyhydramnios)

Isinyi sakho sinokufuna ukuba sigcwalise i-ultrasound. Jonga nomboneleli wakho malunga noku.

Ngaphambi kovavanyo, igazi linokuthathwa ukufumanisa uhlobo lwegazi kunye neRh factor. Unokufumana ifoto yeyeza elibizwa ngokuba yiRho (D) kwi-Immune Globulin (RhoGAM kunye nezinye iimveliso) ukuba awunayo i-Rh.

I-Amniocentesis ihlala inikezelwa kwabasetyhini abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomntwana onesiphene sokuzalwa. Oku kubandakanya abasetyhini:

• Uya kuba neminyaka engama-35 okanye ngaphezulu xa bezala
• Ngaba kuvavanyo lokuhlola olukhombisa ukuba kunokubakho isiphene sokuzalwa okanye enye ingxaki
• Unabo abantwana abaneziphene zokuzalwa kwezinye ukukhulelwa
• Unembali yosapho yokuphazamiseka kwemfuzo

Ukucetyiswa ngokwemvelo kuyacetyiswa ngaphambi kwenkqubo. Oku kuyakuvumela ukuba:

• Funda ngezinye iimvavanyo zokubeleka
• Yenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo malunga nokukhetha ukuxilongwa kokubeleka

Olu vavanyo:

• Ngaba luvavanyo lokuqonda isifo, hayi uvavanyo lokuhlola
• Ngaba ichanekile kakhulu ekuchongeni isifo se-Down syndrome
• Ihlala isenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-20, kodwa inokwenziwa nangaliphi na ixesha phakathi kweeveki ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-40

I-Amniocentesis ingasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zofuzo kunye ne-chromosome emntwaneni, kubandakanya:

• I-Anencephaly (xa umntwana elahlekile indawo enkulu yobuchopho)
• Isifo esiphantsi
• Ukuphazamiseka okunqabileyo kwemetabolism okudluliswa kwiintsapho
• Ezinye iingxaki zemfuza, njenge-trisomy 18
• Usulelo kwi-amniotic fluid

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zithetha:

• Akukho ngxaki yemfuza okanye ye-chromosome eyafunyanwa kusana lwakho.
• Amanqanaba eBilirubin kunye nealpha-fetoprotein abonakala eqhelekileyo.
• Akukho zimpawu zosulelo ezifunyenweyo.

Qaphela: I-Amniocentesis lolona vavanyo luchanekileyo lweemeko zemfuza kunye nokungalunganga, nangona kunqabile, umntwana usenokuba nemfuza okanye ezinye iintlobo zokukhubazeka kokuzalwa, nokuba iziphumo ze-amniocentesis ziqhelekile.

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zinokuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho:

• Ingxaki yemfuza okanye ye-chromosome, enjenge-Down syndrome
• Iziphene zokuzalwa ezibandakanya umqolo okanye ingqondo, njenge-spina bifida

Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nentsingiselo yeziphumo zakho zovavanyo. Buza umboneleli wakho:

• Inokuphathwa njani imeko okanye isiphene ngexesha okanye emva kokukhulelwa kwakho
• Ziziphi iimfuno ezizodwa umntwana wakho anokuba nazo emva kokuzalwa
• Loluphi olunye ukhetho onalo malunga nokugcina okanye ukuphelisa ukukhulelwa kwakho

Iingozi zincinci, kodwa zinokubandakanya:

• Usulelo okanye ukonzakala kosana
• Ukuphuma kwesisu
• Ukuvuza kolwelo lwe-amniotic
• Ukopha kwilungu lobufazi

Inkcubeko - amniotic fluid; Inkcubeko - iiseli ze-amniotic; I-Alpha-fetoprotein-amniocenteis

• Amniocentesis
• Amniocentesis
• Amniocentesis - uthotho

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IPatterson DA, kunye noAndazola JJ. Amniocentesis. Ku: Fowler GC, ii-eds. Iinkqubo zikaPfenninger kunye neFowler zoKhathalelo oluSisiseko. Ngomhla we-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 144.

U-Wapner RJ, Dugoff L.Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sokuzalwa komntwana ngaphambi kokubeleka. Ku: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Isilivere RM, ii-eds. I-Creasy kunye neResnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Imigaqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Ngomhla we-8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2019: isahluko 32.