Umongo wethambo

Umongo wethambo kukususa umongo ngaphakathi kwithambo. Umongo wethambo sisicubu esithambileyo ngaphakathi kwamathambo esinceda ekwenzeni iiseli zegazi. Ifumaneka kwinxalenye yomngxunya wamathambo amaninzi.

I-bone marrow biopsy ayifani nomnqweno wethambo. Umnqweno ususa umongo omncinci kwifom engamanzi yoviwo.

I-biopsy yomongo wethambo ingenziwa kwiofisi yomboneleli wezempilo okanye esibhedlele.Isampulu inokuthathwa kwi-pelvic okanye ithambo lesifuba. Ngamanye amaxesha, enye indawo iyasetyenziswa.

Umongo ususwa kula manyathelo alandelayo:

• Ukuba uyafuneka, unikwa amayeza okukunceda uphumle.
• Umboneleli ucoca ulusu kwaye utofe iyeza elirhabaxa kwindawo kunye nomphezulu wethambo.
• Inaliti ye-biopsy ifakwe kwithambo. Umbindi wenaliti uyasuswa kwaye inaliti egobileyo ishukunyiselwa nzulu kwithambo. Oku kubamba isampulu encinci, okanye undoqo, womongo wethambo ngaphakathi kwenaliti.
• Isampulu kunye nenaliti ziyasuswa.
• Uxinzelelo kwaye emva koko ibhandeji iyasetyenziswa kulusu.

Umnqweno wethambo unokwenziwa nawo, ihlala iphambi kokuba kuthathwe i-biopsy. Emva kokuba ulusu lundindisholo, inaliti ifakwe kwithambo, kwaye isirinji isetyenziselwa ukukhupha umongo wethambo. Ukuba oku kwenziwe, inaliti iya kususwa kwaye ibekwe kwakhona. Okanye, enye inaliti inokusetyenziselwa i-biopsy.

Xelela umboneleli:

• Ukuba uxabisa kuwo nawaphi na amayeza
• Ngawaphi amayeza owathathayo
• Ukuba uneengxaki zokopha
• Ukuba ukhulelwe

Uya kuziva ulwamvila olubukhali xa iyeza elenzakalisayo lifakwa. Inaliti ye-biopsy nayo inokubangela ukuba kubekho okufutshane, kuhlala kunzima, kunye nentlungu. Kuba ngaphakathi kwethambo alinakubalwa, olu vavanyo lunokubangela ukungonwabi okuthile.

Ukuba umnqweno wethambo wenziwe nawo, unokuziva ubufutshane, iintlungu ezibukhali njengoko ulwelo lomongo wethambo lususwa.

Umboneleli wakho unoku-odola olu vavanyo ukuba uneentlobo ezingaqhelekanga okanye amanani eeseli ezibomvu okanye ezimhlophe zegazi okanye iiplatelets kubalo olupheleleyo lwegazi (CBC).

Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa i-leukemia, usulelo, ezinye iintlobo ze-anemia, kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwegazi. Ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda ukuba umhlaza usasazekile okanye uphendule kunyango.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zithetha ukuba umongo wethambo uqukethe inani elifanelekileyo kunye neentlobo zeeseli ezenza igazi (hematopoietic) iiseli, iiseli ezinamanqatha, kunye nezicubu ezinxibelelanayo.

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zinokubangelwa ngumhlaza womongo wethambo (leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, okanye eminye imihlaza).

Iziphumo zinokufumanisa unobangela we-anemia (zimbalwa kakhulu iiseli ezibomvu zegazi), iiseli ezimhlophe ezingaqhelekanga zegazi, okanye i-thrombocytopenia (iiplatelets ezimbalwa kakhulu).

Iimeko ezithile apho uvavanyo lunokwenziwa khona:

• Usulelo lokungunda olubanzi lomzimba (usasazwe icoccidioidomycosis)
• Umhlaza weseli emhlophe obizwa ngokuba yi-hairy cell leukemia
• Umhlaza wamathambo e-lymph (Hodgkin okanye non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
• Umongo wethambo awenzi iiseli zegazi ezaneleyo (i-aplastic anemia)
• Umhlaza wegazi ubizwa ngokuba yi-myeloma emininzi
• Iqela leengxaki apho kungonelanga ukuba iiseli zegazi zisempilweni (myelodysplastic syndrome; MDS)
• Ithumba lethambo elibizwa ngokuba yi-neuroblastoma
• Isifo somongo wethambo esikhokelela kukonyuka okungaqhelekanga kwiiseli zegazi (polycythemia vera)
• Iprotheni engaqhelekanga ekwakhiweni kwethishu nakwizitho (amyloidosis)
• Ukuphazamiseka komongo wethambo apho umongo uthatyathelwa indawo sisihlunu esibuhlungu (i-myelofibrosis)
• Umongo wethambo uvelisa iiplatelets ezininzi (thrombocythemia)
• Umhlaza weseli emhlophe ebizwa ngokuba yiWaldenström macroglobulinemia
• I-anemia engachazwanga, i-thrombocytopenia (inani eliphantsi leplatelet) okanye i-leukopenia (inani eliphantsi le-WBC)

Kunokubakho ukopha kwindawo yokugqobhoza. Imingcipheko emikhulu, njengokuphuma kakhulu kwegazi okanye usulelo, kunqabile kakhulu.

Biopsy - umongo wethambo

• Umnqweno wethambo
• I-Bone biopsy

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IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ. Uhlalutyo lomongo wethambo-isampuli (i-biopsy, ithambo lomongo wethambo, ibala lesinyithi, umongo wethambo). Ku: IChernecky CC, iBerger BJ, ii-eds. Iimvavanyo zaselebhu kunye neenkqubo zokuqonda isifo. Umhla wesi-6. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; Ngo-2013: 241-244.

I-Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Uvavanyo olusisiseko lwegazi kunye nomongo wethambo. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, ii-eds. Ukuchongwa kweKlinikhi kaHenry kunye noLawulo ngeendlela zeLebhu. Umhla we-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; I-2017: isahluko 30.