Ukuchwetheza

I-Karyotyping luvavanyo lokuvavanya ii-chromosomes kwisampulu yeeseli. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki zemfuza njengonobangela wokuphazamiseka okanye isifo.

Uvavanyo lunokwenziwa phantse nakuphi na isicwili, kubandakanya:

• Amniotic fluid
• Igazi
• Ummongo wethambo
• Izicubu zomzimba ezikhula ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukondla umntwana okhulayo (placenta)

Ukuvavanya i-amniotic fluid, kwenziwa i-amniocentesis.

I-bone marrow biopsy iyadingeka ukuthatha isampuli yomongo wethambo.

Isampulu ibekwa kwisitya esikhethekileyo okanye ityhubhu kwaye ivumeleke ukuba ikhule elebhu. Iiseli kamva zithathwa kwisampulu entsha zaza zadyobheka. Ingcali yaselebhu isebenzisa imicroscope ukujonga ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nenani lama chromosomes kwisampulu yeseli. Isampulu enamabala ifotwa ukubonisa ulungiselelo lwee chromosomes. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-karyotype.

Ezinye iingxaki zinokuchongwa ngenani okanye ulungiselelo lwee-chromosomes. IiChromosomes zinamawaka emfuza agcinwe kwi-DNA, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimfuza.

Landela imiyalelo yomboneleli wezempilo malunga nendlela yokulungiselela uvavanyo.

Uvavanyo oluya kuziva njani luxhomekeke ekubeni ngaba isampulu yenkqubo yokutsalwa kwegazi (venipuncture), i-amniocentesis, okanye i-bone marrow biopsy.

Olu vavanyo lunako:

• Bala inani lama-chromosomes
• Jonga utshintsho kulwakhiwo kwii-chromosomes

Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa:

• Kwisibini esinembali yokuphuma kwesisu
• Ukuvavanya nawuphi na umntwana okanye usana oneempawu ezingaqhelekanga okanye ulibaziseko lokukhula

Umongo wethambo okanye uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ukuchonga i-chromosome yaseFiladelphia, efumaneka kuma-85% abantu abane-leukemia engapheliyo (i-CML).

Uvavanyo lwe-amniotic fluid lwenziwa ukujonga usana olusakhulayo kwiingxaki ze-chromosome.

Umboneleli wakho unoku-odola ezinye iimvavanyo ezihamba kunye nohlobo lwekaryotype:

• I-Microarray: Ujonge utshintsho oluncinci kwii-chromosomes
• I-Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH): ijonge iimpazamo ezincinci ezinje ngokususwa kwii-chromosomes

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Abasetyhini: ii-autosomes ezingama-44 kunye ne-2 chromosomes yesini (XX), ebhalwe njenge-46, XX
• Amadoda: ii-autosomes ezingama-44 kunye nee-chromosomes zesini ezi-2 (XY), ezibhalwe njenge-46, XY

Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zinokubangelwa sisifo semfuza okanye imeko, enje:

• Isifo esiphantsi
• Isifo seKlinefelter
• I-chromosome yaseFiladelphia
• I-Trisomy 18
• Isifo sikaTurner

I-Chemotherapy inokubangela ikhefu le-chromosome echaphazela iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ze-karyotyping.

Umngcipheko unxulumene nenkqubo esetyenzisiweyo ukufumana isampulu.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ingxaki inokwenzeka kwiiseli ezikhulayo kwisitya selabhu. Uvavanyo lweKaryotype kufuneka luphindwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ingxaki engaqhelekanga ye-chromosome isemzimbeni womntu.

Uhlalutyo lweChromosome

• Ukuchwetheza

I-Bacino CA, uLee B. ICytogenetics. Ku: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla we-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahl 81.

I-Stein CK. Ukusetyenziswa kwecytogenetics kwi-pathology yanamhlanje. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, ii-eds. Ukuchongwa kweKlinikhi kaHenry kunye noLawulo ngeendlela zeLebhu. Umhla we-23. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; Ngo-2017: isahluko 69.