Into ekufuneka uyazi ngesifo seswekile kunye novavanyo lwemehlo

Umxholo

• Iimpawu zesifo seswekile
• Oonobangela besifo seswekile
• Imiba yomngcipheko wesifo seswekile
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ubude bexesha nesifo seswekile
• Ulawulo lwezifo olubi
• Ezinye iimeko zonyango
• Ubuhlanga
• Ukutshaya
• Isifo seswekile namehlo akho
• Ufumanisa njani ukuba unesifo seswekile?
• Ukubumbana komanyano lweTomografi (OCT)
• I-fluorescein angiography
• Ukulungiselela ukuqeshwa kwakho
• Yiza neenkcukacha
• Yiza noluhlu lwemibuzo
• Uphathwa njani umntu onesifo seswekile?
• Ukulinda ulindile
• Indlela yokuphila esempilweni
• Unyango lwe-laser
• Ukusasaza unyango lwe-laser
• IVitrectomy
• Izixhobo zoncedo lombono
• Luthini uhlobo lwabantu abanesifo seswekile?
• Uthintelo

Ushwankathelo

Isifo seswekile sisifo esichaphazela indawo ezininzi zomzimba wakho, kubandakanya namehlo akho. Yonyusa umngcipheko weemeko zamehlo, ezifana ne-glaucoma kunye ne-cataract. Eyona nkxalabo iphambili yempilo yamehlo kubantu abanesifo seswekile kukuphuhliswa kwesifo seswekile.

I-retinopathy yeswekile yimeko ekhulayo xa imithambo yegazi kwi-retina yakho yonakala. Iretina licandelo elibuthathaka ekukhanyeni ngasemva kweliso lakho. Njengoko umonakalo usiba mbi, ungaqala ukuphulukana nombono wakho. Amehlo akho anokuba mfiliba, angabi namandla kangako, kwaye aqale ukunyamalala.

Le meko inokuchaphazela abantu abane-1 okanye uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile. Okukhona uhlala ixesha elide nesifo seswekile, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba uphuhlise iingxaki ezinje ngesifo seswekile. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukwamkela utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila nokufunda ukulawula isifo seswekile kubaluleke kakhulu.

Iimpawu zesifo seswekile

Kumanqanaba ayo okuqala, ukubonwa kwakhona kweswekile kunokubangela ukuba kungabikho zimpawu. Iimpawu zokuqala zisenokungabonakali okanye zibe mnene. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, imeko inokuba mandundu kwaye ikhokelele kwinxalenye kwaye emva koko ugqibe ubumfama.

Kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho ukuba unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu:

• ii-float, okanye amachaphaza kunye nemitya emnyama, kwicandelo lakho lombono
• iindawo ezimnyama okanye ezingenanto kwicandelo lakho lombono
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• kunzima ukugxila
• utshintsho lombono olubonakala luguquka
• umbala otshintshiweyo
• ukulahleka kombono ngokungaphelelanga okanye ngokupheleleyo

I-retinopathy yeswekile ihlala ichaphazela amehlo omabini ngaxeshanye kunye nomlinganiso olinganayo. Ukuba ujamelana nemicimbi ngeliso elinye, oko akuthethi ukuba awunayo i-retinopathy yeswekile. Nangona kunjalo, inokubonisa omnye umba wamehlo. Yenza idinga ukubona ugqirha wakho ukufumana isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo.

Oonobangela besifo seswekile

Ukunyuka kweswekile egazini lakho kunokukhokelela kwimicimbi yezempilo.Emehlweni akho, iswekile eninzi inokonakalisa iimpahla ezincinci ezinikezela ngegazi kwiretina yakho. Ixesha elingaphezulu, lo monakalo unokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi lakho.

Umonakalo ongapheliyo kwimithambo yegazi yokubuyisa ichaphazela umbono wakho. Xa ukuhamba kwegazi kwakho kuncitshisiwe, iliso lakho lizama ukulungisa imeko ngokukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha. Inkqubo yokukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha ibizwa ngokuba yi-neovascularization. Ezi nqanawa azisebenzi kakuhle okanye zomelele njengakuqala. Banokuvuza okanye baphule, oko kunokuba nefuthe elibi kumbono wakho.

Imiba yomngcipheko wesifo seswekile

I-retinopathy yeswekile ixhalabisa nabani na onesifo seswekile. Kukho izinto ezongezelelekileyo zomngcipheko wokuphuhlisa isifo seswekile.

Ukukhulelwa

Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwaye abanesifo seswekile banokuba namava ngakumbi ngesifo seswekile kunabasetyhini abanesifo seswekile kwaye abangakhulelwanga. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uneemviwo ezongezelelweyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ubude bexesha nesifo seswekile

Okukhona unesifo seswekile, kokukhona mkhulu umngcipheko weengxaki, kubandakanya isifo seswekile.

Ulawulo lwezifo olubi

Imingcipheko yakho yokuphuhlisa iingxaki iphezulu ukuba isifo sakho seswekile asikho phantsi kolawulo. Ulawulo olungqongqo lwe-glycemic sesona sixhobo sisebenzayo ekuthinteleni i-retinopathy yeswekile. Ukufumanisa kwangoko kunye nokusebenza nogqirha wakho ukulawula isifo seswekile kubalulekile.

Ezinye iimeko zonyango

Ezinye iimeko zonyango okanye izifo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-retinopathy. Babandakanya uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo sentliziyo, kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.

Ubuhlanga

Abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika kunye nabaseSpain banomngcipheko omkhulu wokukhula kwesifo seswekile kunabantu ngokubanzi.

Ukutshaya

Abantu abanesifo seswekile abatshayayo kunokwenzeka ukuba baphuhlise ukubonwa kwakhona.

Isifo seswekile namehlo akho

Eyona ndlela yokujongana neengxaki zamehlo ezinxulumene nesifo seswekile kukufumanisa kwangaphambili ukungaqheleki kwe-retinal, ukubeka esweni rhoqo, kunye nokunyanga ngokukhawuleza. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango ziqala ngovavanyo lwe-retinal.

Umbutho we-American Diabetes Association (ADA) ucebisa ukuba abantu abanesifo seswekile sokuqala bahlolwe amehlo okokuqala kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala emva kokuxilongwa. Ukuba unesifo seswekile sesi-2, i-ADA icebisa ukuba uhlolo lwakho lwamehlo emva nje kokuba ufumane isifo. Kungenxa yokuba uhlobo lweswekile lwesibini luhlala lungaqapheleki kwaye lungafunyanwa kangangeminyaka. I-Retinopathy isenokuba sele iqalile ngelo xesha. Ukuvavanywa kwamehlo kuya kunceda ugqirha wakho abone ukuba sele unawo na umonakalo.

I-ADA icebisa ukuba uhlolwe amehlo unyaka nonyaka emva kovavanyo lwakho lokuqala. Ukuba unxiba iiglasi okanye unxibelelana nabo, kuya kufuneka ukuba uvavanywe iliso minyaka le ukuze ugcine amayeza akho ehlaziyiwe. Ngethuba loviwo, ugqirha wakho uya kuqhuba iimvavanyo ezimbalwa ezincinci ukubona ukuba umbono wakho utshintshile ngenxa yeswekile.

Unokuphuhlisa i-retinopathy kwaye ufumanise ukuba iimpawu zakho aziqhubeki okanye zingagungqi ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, amathuba okuba ujonge amehlo akho kwiinguqulelo zobomi bakho bonke ziphezulu. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxilonga nge-retinopathy kwaye ekuphatha ngayo, banokucela iimviwo amatyeli aliqela ngonyaka. Inani leemviwo zamehlo olifunayo kunyaka ngamnye liya kuxhomekeka ikakhulu kubukrakra be-retinopathy.

Ufumanisa njani ukuba unesifo seswekile?

Ekuphela kwendlela yokufumanisa isifo seswekile kukujonga kuvavanyo lwamehlo. Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha wamehlo uya kubeka amathontsi emehlweni akho ukuze wandise, okanye wandise abafundi bakho. Ukucoca abafundi bakho kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho ngokulula kwaye ahlole umonakalo obangelwe kukuphinda ubenako ukubonwa.

Ngelixa amehlo akho ehlanjululwe, ugqirha wakho unokuqhuba olunye lweemvavanyo ezimbini zokuqonda isifo:

Ukubumbana komanyano lweTomografi (OCT)

I-OCT ibonelela ngemifanekiso yamehlo akho. Ezi mbono zithathwa kwicandelo elinqamlezileyo ukuze ugqirha wakho abone iinkcukacha ezintle zamehlo akho. Le mifanekiso ibonisa ubukhulu be-retina yakho nalapho ulwelo lunokuvuza kwimithambo yegazi eyonakeleyo.

I-fluorescein angiography

Ugqirha wakho unokuthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi kwamehlo akho ngelixa exutywe. Emva koko, ngelixa amehlo akho esasasazekile, ugqirha wakho uya kufaka idayi ekhethekileyo engalweni yakho. Le dayi iya kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ukuba yeyiphi na imithambo yegazi enezivimba kwaye yeyiphi na imithambo evuza igazi.

Ukulungiselela ukuqeshwa kwakho

Yiza kwindibano yakho ulungele ukuthetha malunga nezinto ohlangabezana nazo.

Yiza neenkcukacha

Bhala ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo uze nazo:

• iimpawu ohlangabezana nazo
• xa iimpawu zisenzeka
• zithini amanqanaba eswekile yegazi lakho ngexesha lesiqendu
• uluhlu lwayo nayiphi na eminye imiba yezempilo onayo ukongeza kwiingxaki zombono, xa zisenzeka, kwaye yintoni ebangela ukuba bayeke
• nayiphi na enye ingcaciso ocinga ukuba ibalulekile kugqirha wakho ukuba ayazi

Yiza noluhlu lwemibuzo

Ugqirha wakho uza kubanemibuzo eliqela kunye nolwazi. Qiniseka ukuba uzilungiselele noluhlu lwemibuzo onayo malunga nezinto ohlangabezana nazo kunye nokuba amanyathelo alandelayo angayintoni.

Uphathwa njani umntu onesifo seswekile?

Unyango lwe-diabetic retinopathy ijolise ekucothiseni okanye ekuyekiseni ukuqhubela phambili kwale meko. Unyango oluchanekileyo luxhomekeke kuhlobo luni lwe-retinopathy onayo, imeko yakho inzima kangakanani, kunye nendlela olawulwa kakuhle ngayo isifo seswekile. Unyango olunokubakho lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Ukulinda ulindile

Awunakudinga unyango ukuba i-retinopathy yakho ayinzima okanye ibangele nayiphi na impawu. Uvavanyo lwamehlo lonyaka lusabalulekile, nangona kunjalo. Ukuya kwiimviwo zonyaka kuphela kwendlela ugqirha anokujonga ngayo utshintsho.

Indlela yokuphila esempilweni

Kuya kufuneka ulawule isifo sakho seswekile kwaye uthathe ulawulo lweglucose yegazi ukunciphisa amathuba okuba i-retinopathy yakho ibe mandundu.

Unyango lwe-laser

Unokufuna unyango lwe-laser ekugxilwe kulo ukuba uqhubele phambili ngokubona isifo seswekile. Olu nyango lunokumisa okanye lucothise ukuvuza kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi ngokutshisa imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga. Olu nyango kufuneka luyekise iimpawu kwaye lunokubuyisa umva.

Ukusasaza unyango lwe-laser

Olu hlobo lonyango lwe-laser lunokuyinciphisa imithambo yegazi engaqhelekanga kwaye luzenze lube namathuba okuba zingabinako ukukhula okanye ukudumba kwixesha elizayo.

IVitrectomy

Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe utyando oluncinci olubizwa ngokuba yi-vitrectomy ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-retinopathy ukuba indlela yokuphila okanye unyango lwe-laser alusebenzi. Ngethuba lale nkqubo, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza incindi encinci kwiliso lakho ukuze asuse igazi eliye lavuza kwimithambo yegazi. Ugqirha wakho uya kususa izicwili ezibomvu ezitsala kwi-retina yakho kunye nefuthe kumbono wakho.

Izixhobo zoncedo lombono

Imiba yombono ihlala izilungisa xa sele lugqityiwe unyango kwaye amehlo akho abe nexesha lokuphola. Ugqirha wakho angalunyanga naluphi na utshintsho olusisigxina ngombono ngezixhobo zoncedo lombono, ezinje ngabafowunelwa okanye iiglasi.

Luthini uhlobo lwabantu abanesifo seswekile?

Unyango lwe-diabetic retinopathy luhlala luphumelela kakhulu, kodwa alunyangi. Isifo seswekile sisigulo esinganyangekiyo, oko kuthetha ukuba uyakufumana iingxaki kule meko ubomi bakho bonke. Oku kubandakanya iingxaki zombono.

Ukuba uphuhlisa isifo seswekile, unokufumana isiqabu kunyango, kodwa uyakufuna iimviwo zamehlo rhoqo ukubeka esweni imiba eya isiba mandundu. Ekugqibeleni unokufuna unyango olungaphezulu kwi-retinopathy.

Uthintelo

Eyona ndlela yokunciphisa iziphumo zesifo seswekile emehlweni akho kunye nomzimba wakho wonke kukulawula amanqanaba eswekile yegazi kunye nokugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni. Unokwenza oku kulandelayo ukunceda ukuthintela ukulahleka kombono kunye nezinye iingxaki kwisifo seswekile:

• Yiya kugqirha rhoqo ukuze ujonge impilo yakho, kubandakanya impilo yamehlo akho.
• Musa ukutsiba amadinga ngenxa yokuba ungafumani miba. Olunye lweempawu ezingabalulekanga ngokwenyani kunokuba luphawu oluncinci lwengxaki enkulu.
• Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho kwangoko ukuba kukho into etshintsha ngempilo yakho okanye umbono wakho.
• Yeka ukutshaya ukuba utshaya.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ukuba utyebile. Ukwehla kobunzima kubalulekile ekulawuleni iswekile yegazi lakho.
• Gcina ubunzima obunempilo ukukunceda ukuphucula ubuntununtunu be-insulin kunye nokunciphisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi.
• Yitya ukutya okusempilweni, okunesondlo ukukunceda ukufezekisa kunye nokugcina ubunzima bomzimba obulungileyo.

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba unengxaki yokuphulukana nobunzima okanye ukuyeka ukutshaya. Banokukunceda wenze isicwangciso sonyango. Ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwingcali yokutya enokukunceda uhlakulele ukutya okukhuthaza ukwehla kobunzima kunye nendlela yokuphila esempilweni.