I-valve yemiphunga engekhoyo

I-valve ye-pulmonary engekhoyo sisiphene esinqabileyo apho ivelufa yemiphunga ilahlekile okanye yenziwa kakubi. Igazi elingenayo i-oksijini lihamba ngale valve lisuka entliziyweni liye emiphungeni, apho lithatha khona ioksijini entsha. Le meko ikhona ekuzalweni (kokuzalwa).

I-valve yemiphunga engekhoyo yenzeka xa ivelufa yemiphunga ingakheki okanye ikhule kakuhle ngelixa umntwana esesibelekweni sikanina. Xa ikho, ihlala isenzeka njengenxalenye yesimo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-tetralogy of Fallot. Kufunyanwa malunga neepesenti ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 zabantu abane-tetralogy ye-Fallot.

Xa ivelufa yemiphunga ilahlekile okanye ingasebenzi kakuhle, igazi alihambi kakuhle kwimiphunga ukuze lifumane ioksijini eyaneleyo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, kukho umngxuma phakathi kweetyhubhu zasekhohlo nezasekunene zentliziyo (i-ventricular septal defect). Esi siphene siya kuthi sikhokelele kwigazi eline-oksijini ephantsi ekhutshelwa ngaphandle emzimbeni.

Ulusu luza kubonakala luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis), kuba igazi lomzimba linomyinge ophantsi weoksijini.

Ukungabikho kwe-pulmonary valve kukhokelela ekwandiseni kakhulu (kwandiswa) kwemithambo yemiphunga yesebe (imithambo ehambisa igazi kwimiphunga ukuya kuthatha ioksijini). Banokwandiswa kangangokuba bacinezele kwimibhobho ezisa ioksijini emiphungeni (bronchi). Oku kubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla.

Ezinye iziphene zentliziyo ezinokuthi zenzeke nge-valve ye-pulmonary engekho zibandakanya:

• I-valve engaqhelekanga ye-tricuspid
• Isiphene se-Atrial septal
• Ikhupha kabini i-ventricle yasekunene
• I-Ductus arteriosis
• Isiphene se-Endocardial cushion
• Isifo seMarfan
• I-Tricuspid atresia
• Umthambo wemiphunga ongasekhoyo ongekhoyo

Iingxaki zentliziyo ezenzeka nge-valve yemiphunga engekhoyo zinokubangelwa ziziphene kwimfuza ethile.

Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni zeziphi ezinye iziphene umntwana anazo, kodwa zinokubandakanya:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kulusu (i-cyanosis)
• Ukukhohlela
• Ukungaphumeleli
• Ukutya okungafanelekanga
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza
• Ukusilela kokuphefumla
• Ukukhawuleza

I-valve yemiphunga engekhoyo inokuchongwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe ngovavanyo olusebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza umfanekiso wentliziyo (i-echocardiogram).

Ngexesha loviwo, umboneleli wezempilo unokuva ukumbombozela esifubeni somntwana.

Uvavanyo lokungabikho kwesivalo semiphunga lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lokulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo (i-electrocardiogram)
• Ukuskena kwentliziyo kwe-CT
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Echocardiogram
• Imagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yentliziyo

Iintsana ezineempawu zokuphefumla zidinga utyando kwangoko. Iintsana ngaphandle kweempawu ezinzima zihlala zenziwa utyando kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezi-6 zokuqala zobomi.

Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinye iziphene zentliziyo umntwana anayo, utyando lunokubandakanya:

• Ukuvala umngxuma eludongeni phakathi kwee-ventricles zasekhohlo nasekunene zentliziyo (isiphako se-ventricular septal)
• Ukuvala isitya segazi esidibanisa i-aorta kunye ne-pulmonary artery (ductus arteriosis)
• Ukwandisa ukuhamba ukusuka kwi-ventricle efanelekileyo ukuya kwimiphunga

Iindidi zoqhaqho lokungabikho kwesivalo semiphunga kubandakanya:

• Ukuhambisa i-pulmonary artery ngaphambili kwe-aorta kwaye kude ne-airways
• Ukuphinda wakhe udonga lwe-artery emiphungeni ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwi-airways (pulmonary plication kunye nokunciphisa i-arterioplasty)
• Ukwakha kwakhona umbhobho womoya kunye nemibhobho yokuphefumla ukuya emiphungeni
• Ukutshintsha ivalve engaqhelekanga yemiphunga kunye nenye ethathwe kwinyama yomntu okanye yezilwanyana

Iintsana ezineempawu zokuphefumla kakhulu zisenokufuna ukufumana ioksijini okanye zibekwe kumatshini wokuphefumla (i-ventilator) ngaphambi nasemva kotyando.

Ngaphandle kotyando, uninzi lweentsana olunengxaki enkulu yemiphunga ziya kufa.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, utyando luyayinyanga le meko kwaye zinciphise iimpawu. Iziphumo zihlala zilungile kakhulu.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Usulelo lobuchopho (ithumba)
• Ukuwa kwemiphunga (atelectasis)
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo esekunene
• Ukubetha

Fowunela umnikezeli wakho ukuba usana lwakho luneempawu zentsimbi engekhoyo. Ukuba unembali yosapho yeziphene zentliziyo, thetha nomboneleli wakho ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Nangona kungekho ndlela yokuthintela le meko, iintsapho zinokuvavanywa ukumisela umngcipheko weziphene zokuzalwa.

Ukungabikho kwesifo se-valve semiphunga; Ukungabikho kwe-valve yemiphunga; I-valve agenesis yamapulmonary; Isifo sentliziyo iCyanotic - ivelufa yemiphunga; Izifo zentliziyo yokuzalwa - i-valve yemiphunga; Isiphene sokuzalwa kwentliziyo - ivelufa yemiphunga

• I-valve yemiphunga engekhoyo
• ICyanotic 'iTet spell'
• Tetralogy yoBuxoki

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