Utyando lwentliziyo yabantwana

Utyando lwentliziyo ebantwaneni lwenziwa ukulungisa iziphene zentliziyo umntwana azalwe enayo (iziphene zentliziyo yokuzalwa) kunye nezifo zentliziyo umntwana azifumana emva kokuzalwa efuna utyando. Olu tyando luyimfuneko kwimpilo yomntwana.

Zininzi iintlobo zeziphene zentliziyo. Ezinye zincinci, kwaye ezinye zibaluleke kakhulu. Iziphene zinokwenzeka ngaphakathi entliziyweni okanye kwimithambo yegazi enkulu ngaphandle kwentliziyo. Ezinye iziphene zentliziyo zingafuna utyando kanye emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Kwabanye, umntwana wakho unokukwazi ukulinda ngokukhuselekileyo iinyanga okanye iminyaka ukuze enze utyando.

Olunye utyando lunokwanela ukulungisa isiphako sentliziyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kuthotho lweenkqubo ezifunekayo. Iindlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo ebantwaneni zichazwe apha ngezantsi.

Utyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo kuxa ugqirha osebenzisa umatshini wokudlula kwentliziyo nemiphunga.

• Kusenziwa intambo ngethambo lesifuba (i-sternum) ngelixa umntwana ephantsi kwe-anesthesia (umntwana elele kwaye engenazo iintlungu).
• Iityhubhu zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa igazi kwakhona ngempompo ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-heart-lung bypass machine. Lo matshini wongeza ioksijini egazini kwaye ugcina igazi lifudumele kwaye lihamba kuwo wonke umzimba ngelixa ugqirha elungisa intliziyo.
• Ukusebenzisa umatshini kuvumela intliziyo ukuba imiswe. Ukuyekisa intliziyo kwenza ukuba kube nakho ukulungisa izihlunu zentliziyo uqobo, iivevhe zentliziyo, okanye imithambo yegazi engaphandle kwentliziyo. Emva kokuba ukulungiswa kwenziwe, intliziyo iqaliswa kwakhona, kwaye umatshini uyasuswa. Isifuba kunye nokusikwa kolusu emva koko kuyavalwa.

Ukulungiswa kwesiphene sentliziyo ethile, ukusikwa kwenziwa ecaleni kwesifuba, phakathi kweembambo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-thoracotomy. Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa luqhaqho lwentliziyo evaliweyo. Olu tyando lunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezizodwa kunye nekhamera.

Enye indlela yokulungisa iziphene entliziyweni kukufaka iityhubhu ezincinci emthanjeni emlenzeni uzidlulisele entliziyweni. Kuphela ziziphene zentliziyo ezinokulungiswa ngale ndlela.

Umxholo onxulumene noko kukuhlinzwa kolungiso lwentliziyo olunesiphene.

Ezinye iziphene zentliziyo zifuna ukulungiswa kungekudala emva kokuzalwa. Kwabanye, kungcono ukulinda iinyanga okanye iminyaka. Iziphene ezithile zentliziyo zisenokungafuneki ukuba zilungiswe.

Ngokubanzi, iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba utyando luyafuneka zezi:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye ongwevu, imilebe, kunye neebhedi zezipikili (i-cyanosis). Ezi mpawu zithetha ukuba akukho oksijini yaneleyo egazini (hypoxia).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla kuba imiphunga "imanzi," iyaxinana, okanye igcwele ulwelo (ukusilela kwentliziyo).
• Iingxaki ngenqanaba lentliziyo okanye isingqisho sentliziyo (arrhythmias).
• Ukondla okungalunganga okanye ukulala, kunye nokusilela kokukhula kunye nokukhula komntwana.

Izibhedlele kunye namaziko onyango enza utyando lwentliziyo ebantwaneni banabagqirha, abongikazi, kunye neengcali eziqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukwenza olu tyando. Banabasebenzi abaya kuthi bakhathalele umntwana wakho emva kotyando.

Iingozi zalo naluphi na utyando zezi:

• Ukopha ngexesha lotyando okanye kwiintsuku emva kotyando
• Iimpendulo ezingalunganga kumayeza
• Iingxaki zokuphefumla
• Usulelo

Ingozi eyongezelelweyo yokuhlinzwa kwentliziyo yile:

• Amahlwili egazi (thrombi)
• Amaqamza omoya (ii-emboli zomoya)
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Iingxaki zokubetha kwentliziyo (arrhythmias)
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Ukubetha

Ukuba umntwana wakho uyathetha, mxelele ngotyando. Ukuba unomntwana oneminyaka engama-10 ubudala, baxelele ngosuku olungaphambi kokuba kwenzeke ntoni. Yithi, umzekelo, "Siya esibhedlele ukuze sihlale iintsuku ezimbalwa. Ugqirha uzokwenza uqhaqho entliziyweni yakho ukuze lusebenze ngcono."

Ukuba umntwana wakho mdala, qala ukuthetha ngenkqubo ye-1 kwiveki ngaphambi kotyando. Kuya kufuneka ubandakanye iingcali zobomi bomntwana (umntu onceda abantwana kunye neentsapho zabo ngamaxesha afana notyando olukhulu) kwaye ubonise umntwana esibhedlele nakwiindawo zotyando.

Umntwana wakho unokufuna iimvavanyo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi (ubalo olupheleleyo lwegazi, ii-electrolyte, izinto ezijiyisayo, kunye "nomdlalo ophambeneyo")
• I-X-ray yesifuba
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• I-Echocardiogram (i-ECHO, okanye i-ultrasound yentliziyo)
• Ukucinywa kwentliziyo
• Imbali kunye nomzimba

Soloko uxelela umboneleli wezempilo womntwana wakho ukuba ngawaphi amayeza awathathayo umntwana wakho. Faka amayeza, amayeza kunye neevithamini ozithengileyo ngaphandle kommiselo.

Ngexesha leentsuku ngaphambi kotyando:

• Ukuba umntwana wakho uthatha ii-thinner zegazi (iziyobisi ezenza kube nzima ukuba igazi lijiye), njenge-warfarin (Coumadin) okanye i-heparin, thetha nomboneleli womntwana wakho malunga nokuba uyeke nini ukunika la machiza emntwaneni.
• Buza ukuba zeziphi iziyobisi umntwana afanele ukuzithatha ngosuku lotyando.

Ngomhla wotyando:

• Umntwana wakho uhlala ecelwa ukuba angaseli okanye atye nantoni na emva kobusuku bobusuku ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
• Nika umntwana wakho naziphi na iziyobisi oxelelwe ukuba uzinike kunye nokusela okuncinci kwamanzi.
• Uzakuxelelwa ukuba ufike nini esibhedlele.

Uninzi lwabantwana abaneentliziyo ezivulekileyo kufuneka bahlale kwigumbi lokunyamekela (ICU) iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 kanye emva kotyando. Bahlala kakhulu esibhedlele kangangeentsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe emva kokuba bemkile eICU. Ukuhlala kwigumbi labagula kakhulu nesibhedlele kuhlala kufutshane kubantu abatyandwe intliziyo.

Ngexesha labo e-ICU, umntwana wakho uya kuba:

• Ityhubhu kwindlela yomoya (ityhubhu endotracheal) kunye nokuphefumla ukunceda ngokuphefumla. Umntwana wakho uya kuhlala elele (ehleli) ngelixa ephefumla.
• Umbhobho omnye okanye nangaphezulu emthanjeni (IV line) ukunika ulwelo namayeza.
• Ityhubhu encinci kwimithambo (umgca wemithambo).
• Isityu esinye okanye ezi-2 zesifuba sokukhupha umoya, igazi kunye nolwelo olusuka kwisifuba.
• Umbhobho ongena empumlweni ungene esiswini (nasogastric tube) ukukhupha isisu kunye nokuhambisa amayeza kunye nokondla iintsuku ezininzi.
• Umbhobho wesinyi ukucoca kunye nokulinganisa umchamo iintsuku ezininzi.
• Iilayini ezininzi zombane kunye neetyhubhu ezisetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni umntwana.

Ngexesha umntwana wakho eyishiya i-ICU, uninzi lweetyhubhu kunye neengcingo ziya kususwa. Umntwana wakho uya kukhuthazwa ukuba aqalise imisebenzi yabo yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla. Abanye abantwana bangaqala ukutya okanye ukusela bodwa kwisithuba seentsuku ezi-1 okanye ezi-2, kodwa abanye banokuthatha ixesha elide.

Xa umntwana wakho ephumile esibhedlele, abazali kunye nabanonopheli bayafundiswa ukuba zeziphi izinto ezilungeleyo ukuba zenziwe ngumntwana wabo, nokuba uza kukhathalela njani ukusikwa, nokuba angamnika njani amayeza umntwana wabo.

Umntwana wakho ufuna ubuncinci iiveki ezininzi ekhaya ukuze achache. Thetha nomboneleli wakho malunga nokuba umntwana wakho angabuyela nini esikolweni okanye kukhathalelo lwemini.

Umntwana wakho uya kufuna ukutyelelwa ngokulandelelana kunye nentliziyo (ugqirha wentliziyo) rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12. Umntwana wakho kungafuneka athathe ii-antibiotics ngaphambi kokuba aye kugqirha wamazinyo ukuze acoce amazinyo okanye ezinye iinkqubo zamazinyo, ukuthintela usulelo olukhulu lwentliziyo. Buza ugqirha wezilwanyana ukuba oku kuyimfuneko.

Iziphumo zotyando lwentliziyo zixhomekeka kwimeko yomntwana, uhlobo lwesiphene, kunye nohlobo lotyando olwenziwe. Uninzi lwabantwana luchacha ngokupheleleyo kwaye baphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, obusebenzayo.

Utyando lwentliziyo - lwabantwana; Utyando lwentliziyo yabantwana; Ukufumana isifo sentliziyo; Utyando lwevalvu yentliziyo - abantwana

• Ukhuseleko kwigumbi lokuhlambela - abantwana
• Ukuzisa umntwana wakho ukuba atyelele umntakwabo ogula kakhulu
• Ukutya iikhalori ezongezelelweyo xa ugula - abantwana
• Ukhuseleko lweoksijini
• Ukuhlinzwa kwentliziyo yabantwana-ukukhutshwa
• Unonophelo lwenxeba lotyando - luvulekile
• Sebenzisa ioksijini ekhaya

• Usana oluvulekileyo lwentliziyo

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