Umntwana wakho kunye nomkhuhlane

Umkhuhlane sisifo esibi. Intsholongwane iyasasazeka ngokulula, kwaye abantwana basesichengeni sokugula. Ukwazi iinyani malunga nomkhuhlane, iimpawu zayo, kunye nexesha lokugonywa konke kubalulekile ekulweni nokusasazeka kwayo.

Eli nqaku lidityanisiwe ukukunceda ukhusele umntwana wakho ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-2 kumkhuhlane. Oku akuyiyo indawo yengcebiso yonyango evela kumboneleli wakho wezempilo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unokuba nomkhuhlane, biza umboneleli wakho kwangoko.

ZINTONI IIMPAWU EKUFANELE NDIZIBUKELE EMNTWANA WAM?

Umkhuhlane usulelo lwempumlo, umqala, kunye (ngamanye amaxesha) nemiphunga. Umntwana wakho omncinci onomkhuhlane uhlala enefiva ye-100 ° F (37.8 ° C) okanye ngaphezulu kunye nomqala obuhlungu okanye ukukhwehlela. Ezinye iimpawu onokuthi uziqaphele:

• Ukugodola, izihlunu ezibuhlungu kunye nentloko ebuhlungu
• Impumlo enemifinya
• Ukwenza ngathi udiniwe kwaye cranky ixesha elininzi
• Urhudo nokugabha

Xa umkhuhlane womntwana wakho uyehla, uninzi lwezi mpawu kufuneka lubengcono.

NDIMPhathe KANJANI UKUGULA KOMNTWANA WAM?

SUKUQUMBANISA umntwana ngeengubo okanye iimpahla ezongezelelweyo, nokuba umntwana wakho unengqele. Oku kunokugcina umkhuhlane wabo ungehli, okanye uwonyuse.

• Zama umaleko omnye weempahla ezilula, kunye nengubo enye engasindi xa ulele.
• Igumbi kufuneka lihlale kamnandi, lingatshisi kakhulu okanye lipholile kakhulu. Ukuba igumbi lishushu okanye lixinekile, ifeni inokunceda.

I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol) kunye ne-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) inceda umkhuhlane osezantsi ebantwaneni. Ngamanye amaxesha, umboneleli wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba usebenzise zombini iintlobo zamayeza.

• Yazi ukuba ubunzima bomntwana wakho buninzi kangakanani, kwaye uhlala ujonga imiyalelo kwiphakheji.
• Nika i-acetaminophen qho kwiiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6.
• Nika ibuprofen rhoqo emva kweeyure eziyi-6 ukuya kwezi-8. Sukuyisebenzisa ibuprofen kubantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala.
• Ungaze unike iasprini ebantwaneni ngaphandle kokuba umboneleli womntwana wakho ukuxelele ukuba uyisebenzise.

Umkhuhlane awufuni ukuba uze ezantsi esiqhelo. Uninzi lwabantwana luza kuziva lungcono xa iqondo lobushushu lisehla nge-1 degree.

• Ukuhlamba okufudumeleyo okanye ibhafu yesiponji kunokunceda ukupholisa umkhuhlane. Isebenza ngcono ukuba umntwana unikwa amayeza- kungenjalo iqondo lobushushu linokubuya kwakhona.
• Sukusebenzisa iibhafu ezibandayo, umkhenkce okanye utywala. Oku kuhlala kubangela ukungcangcazela kwaye kwenza izinto zibe mandundu.

YINTONI NGOKONDLA UMNTWANA WAM XA EGULA OKANYE?

Umntwana wakho angatya ukutya ngelixa enefiva, kodwa ungamnyanzeli ukuba atye. Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba asele iziselo ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Abantwana abanomkhuhlane bahlala benza ngcono ngokutya okungafunekiyo. Ukutya okungafunekiyo kwenziwa ngokutya okuthambileyo, hayi okuneziqholo kakhulu, kunye nefayibha ephantsi. Ungazama:

• Izonka, ii-crackers, kunye ne-pasta eyenziwe ngomgubo omhlophe ococekileyo.
• Ukutya okushushu okusulungekileyo, njenge-oatmeal kunye neCream yeNgqolowa.
• Ijusi yeziqhamo ezixutywe ngokudibanisa isiqingatha samanzi kunye nejusi yesiqingatha. Musa ukunika umntwana wakho iziqhamo ezininzi okanye incindi yeapile.
• Iziqhamo eziqholiweyo zeziqhamo okanye i-gelatin (Jell-O) lukhetho olufanelekileyo, ngakumbi ukuba umntwana uyagabha.

NGABA UMNTWANA WAM UZA KUFUNA IZIBONELELO OKANYE AMANYE AMAYEZA?

Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-4 ubudala ngaphandle kweemeko ezinobungozi obuphezulu kunye nokugula okuncinci abanakudinga unyango lwe-antiviral. Abantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 nangaphezulu abasayi kunikwa ii-antivirals ngaphandle kokuba banenye imeko yomngcipheko ophezulu.

Xa kufuneka, la mayeza asebenza ngcono ukuba aqaliswe kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kokuqala kweempawu, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

I-Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) yi-FDA evunyiweyo kubantwana abancinci kunyango lomkhuhlane. I-Oseltamivir iza njengecapsule okanye kulwelo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu ezivela kweli yeza kunqabile. Ababoneleli kunye nabazali kufuneka balinganise umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngokuchasene nomngcipheko wokuba abantwana babo banokugula kakhulu kwaye basweleke ngenxa yomkhuhlane.

Thetha nomboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokuba unike umntwana wakho amayeza apholileyo ekhawuntareni.

KUFANELE UKUBA NINI UMNTWANA WAM ABONE UGqirha KANYE AHAMBELE INDAWO YONGXAMEKO?

Thetha nomboneleli womntwana wakho okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba:

• Umntwana wakho akenzi isenzo sokulumkisa okanye ukhululekile xa umkhuhlane wakhe wehla.
• Umkhuhlane kunye neempawu zomkhuhlane zibuya emva kokuba bemkile.
• Azikho iinyembezi xa belila.
• Umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuphefumla.

NGABA UMNTWANA WAM UMELE UKUXHOTYISWA KWI-FLU?

Nangona umntwana wakho enesifo esifana nomkhuhlane, kufuneka afumane isitofu sokugonya somkhuhlane. Bonke abantwana iinyanga ezintandathu nangaphezulu kufuneka bafumane iyeza lokugonya. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-9 bayakufuna isitofu sesibini sokuthintela umkhuhlane kwiiveki ezi-4 emva kokufumana isitofu okokuqala.

Zimbini iintlobo zokugonya umkhuhlane. Enye inikezelwa ngokudutyulwa, kwaye enye ifafazwe empumlweni womntwana wakho.

• Umkhuhlane wadubula uneentsholongwane ezibuleweyo (ezingasebenziyo). Akunakwenzeka ukufumana umkhuhlane kolu hlobo lwesitofu sokugonya. Umkhuhlane womkhuhlane uvunyiwe kubantu abaneminyaka engama-6 nangaphezulu.
• Uhlobo lokugonya lwempumlo yohlobo lweehagu lusebenzisa intsholongwane ephilayo, ebuthathaka endaweni yomntu oswelekileyo ofana nomkhuhlane. Iyakwamkelwa kubantwana abasempilweni ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2. Akufanele isetyenziswe kubantwana abaphindaphindayo iziqendu, isifuba, okanye ezinye izifo zemiphunga zexesha elide (ezingapheliyo).

ZINTONI IZIPHUMO ZEVACCINE?

Akunakwenzeka ukuba ufumane umkhuhlane kwinaliti okanye kwisitofu sokugonya umkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu bafumana umkhuhlane ophantsi ngemini okanye ezimbini emva kokudutyulwa.

Uninzi lwabantu alunazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kumkhuhlane. Abanye abantu banosizi kwindawo yenaliti okanye iintlungu ezincinci kunye nomkhuhlane okumgangatho ophantsi kangangeentsuku ezininzi.

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazelekayo zokugonya umkhuhlane womkhuhlane zibandakanya umkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, impumlo egudileyo, ukugabha kunye nokuphefumla. Nangona ezi zimpawu zivakala njengeempawu zomkhuhlane, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga azibi sisifo somkhuhlane esibi okanye esisongela ubomi.

INGABA IVACCINE INGONAKALISA UMNTWANA WAM?

Inani elincinci le-mercury (elibizwa ngokuba yi-thimerosal) yindawo eqhelekileyo yokulondolozwa kwizitofu zokugonya ezininzi. Ngaphandle kwenkxalabo, iyeza lokuthintela i-thimerosal aliboniswanga ukuba libangela i-autism, i-ADHD, okanye naziphi na ezinye iingxaki zonyango.

Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga ne-mercury, zonke izitofu eziqhelekileyo ziyafumaneka ngaphandle kwe-thimerosal eyongeziweyo.

ENYE INTO ENDINOKUYENZA UKUKHUSELA UMNTWANA WAM KWI-FLU?

Wonke umntu odibana ngokusondeleyo nomntwana wakho kufuneka alandele ezi ngcebiso:

• Vala impumlo nomlomo ngethishu xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla. Yilahle kude emva kokuyisebenzisa.
• Hlamba izandla rhoqo ngesepha namanzi kangangemizuzwana engama-15 ukuya kwengama-20, ngakumbi emva kokukhohlela okanye ukuthimla. Unokusebenzisa izixhobo zokucoca izandla ezinotywala.
• Nxiba imaski yobuso ukuba uneempawu zomkhuhlane, okanye ukhetha ukuhlala kude nabantwana.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ungaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kwaye unonxibelelwano olusondeleyo nomntu oneempawu zomkhuhlane, thetha nomboneleli wakho.

Amaziko oLawulo lweZifo noThintelo. Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane): ixesha elizayo lomkhuhlane we-2019-2020. www.cdc.gov/flu/season/faq-flu-season-2019-2020.htm. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJulayi 1, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 26, 2019.

IGrohskopf LA, iSokolow LZ, uBroder KR, et al. Uthintelo kunye nokulawulwa komkhuhlane wamaxesha athile kunye nezitofu zokugonya: izindululo zeKomiti yeeNgcebiso malunga neZenzo zoGonyo-United States, 2018-19 ixesha lomkhuhlane. Ingcebiso kaMMWR. 2018; 67 (3): 1-20. IINKCUKACHA: 30141464 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30141464.

I-Havers FP, iCampbell AJP. Iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 285.