Abafundi beekholeji kunye nomkhuhlane

Unyaka ngamnye, umkhuhlane usasazeka kwiikholeji zelizwe lonke. Vala iindawo zokuhlala, izindlu zangasese ekwabelwana ngazo, kunye nezinto ezininzi zentlalo ezenza ukuba umfundi wekholeji abe nakho ukubamba umkhuhlane.

Eli nqaku liza kukunika ulwazi malunga nomkhuhlane kunye nekholeji abafundi. Oku akuyiyo indawo yengcebiso yonyango evela kumboneleli wakho wezempilo.

ZINTONI IIMPAWU ZEFU?

Umfundi wasekholejini onomkhuhlane uhlala enefiva ye-100 ° F (37.8 ° C) okanye ngaphezulu, kunye nomqala obuhlungu okanye ukukhwehlela. Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Ukugodola
• Urhudo
• Ukudinwa
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Impumlo enemifinya
• Imisipha yomzimba
• Ukuhlanza

Uninzi lwabantu abaneempawu ezinzima kufuneka bazive ngcono ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 kwaye akufuneki babone umboneleli.

Kuphephe ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu kwaye usele ulwelo oluninzi ukuba uneempawu zomkhuhlane.

NDIZIPHATHA NJANI IIMPAWU ZAM?

I-Acetaminophen (iTylenol) kunye ne-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) inceda umkhuhlane omncinci. Jonga umboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-acetaminophen okanye ibuprofen ukuba unesifo sesibindi.

• Thatha i-acetaminophen zonke iiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 okanye njengoko kuyalelwe.
• Thatha ibuprofen qho kwiiyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 okanye njengoko kuyalelwe.
• Sukusebenzisa iasprini.

Umkhuhlane awufuni ukuba uze ezantsi esiqhelo ukuze ube luncedo. Uninzi lwabantu luya kuziva lubhetele ukuba amaqondo abo obushushu ehla ngeqondo elinye.

Amayeza abandayo ngaphandle kwekhawuntareni anokuzinciphisa iimpawu ezithile. I-lozenges yomqala okanye izitshizi eziqukethe i-anesthetic ziya kunceda ngomqala obuhlungu. Jonga iwebhusayithi yeziko lezempilo lomfundi ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

KUTHEKANI NGAMAYEZA OKUKHULA?

Uninzi lwabantu abaneempawu eziqatha ziziva zibhetele kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 kwaye akufuneki bathathe amayeza antiviral.

Buza umboneleli wakho ukuba ngaba unyango lwe-antiviral lukulungele. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imeko yonyango engezantsi, unokuba semngciphekweni wesifo esibi kakhulu somkhuhlane:

• Isifo semiphunga (kubandakanya isifo sombefu)
• Iimeko zentliziyo (ngaphandle koxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• Izintso, isibindi, iimbilini, kunye neemeko zemisipha
• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi (kubandakanya isifo selebheli)
• Iswekile kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka komzimba
• Amajoni omzimba abuthathaka ngenxa yezifo (ezinjengoGawulayo), unyango ngemitha, okanye amayeza athile, kubandakanya ichemotherapy kunye necorticosteroids
• Ezinye iingxaki zonyango lwexesha elide (ezingapheliyo)

Amayeza antiviral afana ne-oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza), kunye ne-baloxavir (Xofluza) athathwa njengeepilisi. I-Peramivir (iRipivab) iyafumaneka ukuze isetyenziswe ngaphakathi. Nayiphi na kwezi inokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga abanye abantu abanomkhuhlane. La machiza asebenza ngcono ukuba uqala ukuwathatha kwithuba leentsuku ezi-2 emva kweempawu zakho zokuqala.

NDINGABUYELA NINI ESIKOLWENI?

Kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukubuyela esikolweni xa uziva uphilile kwaye ungakhange ube nomkhuhlane iiyure ezingama-24 (ngaphandle kokuthatha i-acetaminophen, ibuprofen, okanye amanye amayeza ukunciphisa umkhuhlane wakho).

NDINGAYIFUMANA IVACU?

Abantu kufuneka bafumane isitofu sokugonya nokuba sele benesifo esifana nomkhuhlane. Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) acebisa ukuba wonke umntu oneenyanga ezintandathu nangaphezulu afumane iyeza lokugonya umkhuhlane.

Ukufumana iyeza lokuthintela umkhuhlane kuya kukukhusela ekufumaneni umkhuhlane.

NDINGAYIFUMANA PHI IVACCINE?

Amayeza okugonya umkhuhlane ahlala ekhona kumaziko ezempilo asekuhlaleni, kwiiofisi zomboneleli, nakwiikhemesti. Buza iziko lakho lempilo labafundi, umboneleli, ikhemesti, okanye indawo osebenza kuyo ukuba banika iyeza lokuthintela umkhuhlane.

NDIKUPHEPHA NJANI UKUBAMBA OKANYE UKUSASAZA IFU?

• Hlala kwigumbi lakho, kwigumbi lokulala, okanye ekhaya ubuncinci iiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuba umkhuhlane wakho uhambe. Nxiba imaski xa ushiya igumbi lakho.
• MUSA ukwabelana ngokutya, izitya, iikomityi okanye iibhotile.
• Vala umlomo wakho ngethishu xa ukhohlela uze uyilahle emva kokusetyenziswa.
• Khohlela kumkhono wakho ukuba izihlunu azifumaneki.
• Phatha i-sanitizer yesandla esekwe etywaleni kunye nawe. Yisebenzise rhoqo emini kwaye rhoqo emva kokuchukumisa ubuso bakho.
• Sukuchukumisa amehlo akho, impumlo, nomlomo.

NDIMELE NDIMBONE NINI UGQIRHA?

Uninzi lwabafundi beekholeji akufuneki babone umboneleli xa benempawu zomkhuhlane. Kungenxa yokuba uninzi lwabantu abakwikholeji abakho semngciphekweni kwimeko enzima.

Ukuba uziva kufuneka ubone umboneleli, tsalela umnxeba iofisi kuqala kwaye ubazise iimpawu zakho. Oku kunceda abasebenzi balungiselele utyelelo lwakho, ukuze ungazisasazi iintsholongwane kwabanye abantu apho.

Ukuba unomngcipheko okhulayo weengxaki zomkhuhlane, qhagamshelana nomboneleli wakho. Izinto zomngcipheko zibandakanya:

• Ixesha elide (elingapheliyo) iingxaki zemiphunga (kubandakanya i-asthma okanye i-COPD)
• Iingxaki zentliziyo (ngaphandle koxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• Isifo sezintso okanye ukusilela (ixesha elide)
• Isifo sesibindi (ixesha elide)
• Ingqondo okanye ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwegazi (kubandakanya isifo selebheli)
• Iswekile kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka komzimba
• Amasosha omzimba abuthathaka (njengabantu abane-AIDS, umhlaza, okanye ukufakelwa komzimba; ukufumana ichemotherapy okanye unyango ngemitha; okanye ukuthatha iipilisi ze-corticosteroid yonke imihla)

Unokufuna ukuthetha nomboneleli wakho ukuba ujikeleze abanye abanokuba semngciphekweni wemeko enzima yomkhuhlane, kubandakanya abantu:

• Hlala nomntwana okanye umkhathalele
• Sebenza kwindawo yokhathalelo lwempilo kwaye unxibelelane ngqo nezigulana
• Hlala kunye okanye ukhathalele umntu onengxaki yexesha elide (engapheliyo) yezonyango ongagonyelwanga umkhuhlane

Fowunela umboneleli wakho kwangoko okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuba unayo:

• Kunzima ukuphefumla, okanye ukuphefumla kancinci
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye iintlungu zesisu
• Isiyezi ngesiquphe
• Ukudideka, okanye iingxaki zokuqiqa
• Ukugabha kakhulu, okanye ukugabha okungapheliyo
• Iimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ziyaphucuka, kodwa emva koko zibuye nomkhuhlane kunye nokukhohlela okubi

I-Brenner GM, uStevens CW. Amachiza antiviral. Ku: Brenner GM, uStevens CW, ii-eds. Brenner kunye neStevens 'Pharmacology. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 43.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga nomkhuhlane amachiza antiviral. www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/whatyoushould.htm. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Epreli 22, 2019. Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 7, 2019.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Khusela umkhuhlane wexesha elithile. www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/index.html. Ukuhlaziywa kuka-Agasti 23, 2018. Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 7, 2019.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. Iinyani eziphambili malunga nokugonya komkhuhlane. www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/keyfacts.htm. Ukuhlaziywa kweSeptemba 6, 2018. Ifikeleleke ngoJulayi 7, 2019.

Ison MG, uHayden FG. Umkhuhlane. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 340.