Neuroscience

I-Neuroscience (okanye i-neurosciences zeklinikhi) ibhekisa kwisebe leyeza elijolise kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo. Inkqubo ye-nervous yenziwe ngamacandelo amabini:

• Inkqubo ye-nervous central (CNS) inengqondo kunye nomqolo womqolo.
• Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo iqukethe yonke imithambo-luvo yakho, kubandakanya inkqubo ye-autonomic nervous, ngaphandle kwengqondo nomqolo, kubandakanya nezo zingalo, imilenze, kunye nesiqu somzimba.

Ngokudibeneyo, ingqondo yakho kunye nentambo yomqolo isebenza njengeyona ndawo iphambili "yokulungisa indawo" kuyo yonke inkqubo yeemvakalelo, kunye nokulawula yonke imisebenzi yomzimba wakho.

Inani leemeko zonyango ezahlukeneyo zinokuchaphazela inkqubo yeemvakalelo, kubandakanya:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi kwingqondo, kubandakanya ukungahambi kakuhle kwe-arteriovenous kunye ne-cerebral aneurysms
• Izidumba, ezinobungozi kunye nezibi (umhlaza)
• Izifo ezigwenxa, kubandakanya isifo se-Alzheimer kunye nesifo seParkinson
• Ukuphazamiseka kwendlala yebhinqa
• Isathuthwane
• Intloko, kubandakanya imigraines
• Ukulimala entloko njengokuxubana kunye nokukhathazeka kwengqondo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwentshukumo, njengokungcangcazela kunye nesifo seParkinson
• Ukunyusa izifo ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis
• Izifo ze-Neuro-ophthalmologic, eziyimbonakalo yeengxaki ezibangelwa ngumonakalo kwimithambo-luvo ye-optic okanye unxibelelwano lwayo kwingqondo
• Izifo zemithambo-luvo (i-neuropathy), ezichaphazela imithambo-luvo ethwala ulwazi ukuya nokubuya kwingqondo nakwintambo yomqolo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, njenge-schizophrenia
• Ukuphazamiseka komqolo
• Usulelo, njenge-meningitis
• Ukubetha

ULAWULO NOVAVANYO

Iingcali ze-Neurologists kunye nezinye iingcali ze-neuroscience zisebenzisa iimvavanyo ezizodwa kunye neendlela zokucinga ukubona indlela ezisebenza ngayo iimbilini kunye nengqondo.

Ukongeza kwiimvavanyo zegazi kunye nomchamo, iimvavanyo ezenziweyo zokufumanisa isifo se-nervous system zingabandakanya:

• Itomography ebunjiweyo (CT scan)
• Ukugqobhoza i-Lumbar (impompo yomqolo) ukukhangela usulelo lwentambo yomqolo kunye nengqondo, okanye ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF)
• Imagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) okanye i-magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
• I-Electroencephalography (i-EEG) ukujonga imisebenzi yobuchopho
• I-Electromyography (EMG) yokuvavanya ukusebenza kwe-nerve kunye nemisipha
• I-Electronystagmography (ENG) ukujonga ukuhamba ngokungaqhelekanga kwamehlo, okunokuba ngumqondiso wokuphazamiseka kwengqondo
• Amandla okukhutshwa (okanye impendulo ekhutshiweyo), ejonga indlela ingqondo ephendula ngayo kwizandi, ukubona, kunye nokuchukumisa
• IMagnetoencephalography (MEG)
• I-Myelogram yomqolo wokufumanisa ukulimala kwentliziyo
• Uvavanyo lokuhamba kwesantya (NCV)
• Uvavanyo lwe-Neurocognitive (uvavanyo lwe-neuropsychological)
• IPolysomnogram ukubona ukuba ingqondo isabela njani xa ulele
• I-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) kunye ne-positron emission tomography (PET) yokuskena ukujonga umsebenzi we-metabolic brain
• I-Biopsy yengqondo, imithambo-luvo, ulusu, okanye umsipha ukumisela ukuba ngaba kukho ingxaki kwinkqubo yeemvakalelo

UNYANGO

I-Neuroradiology lisebe leyeza le-neuroscience elijolise ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni iingxaki zenkqubo ye-neva.

Ungenelelo lwe-neuroradiology kubandakanya ukufaka iityhubhu ezincinci, eziguqukayo ezibizwa ngokuba ziicatheters kwimithambo yegazi ekhokelela kwingqondo. Oku kuvumela ugqirha ukuba anyange ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi enokuchaphazela inkqubo ye-neva, enje ngokubetha.

Unyango olungenelelayo ngoncedo lwe-neuroradiology lubandakanya:

• Iibhaluni i-angioplasty kunye ne-carotid okanye i-vertebral artery
• Ukudityaniswa kwe-Endovascular kunye nokujija ukunyanga i-aneurysms yecerebral
• Unyango lwe-intra-arterial for stroke
• Imitha ye-oncology yengqondo kunye nomqolo
• I-biopsies yenaliti, umqolo kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo
• I-Kyphoplasty kunye ne-vertebroplasty yokunyanga ukuqhekeka kwe-vertebral

I-neurosurgery evulekileyo okanye yendabuko inokufuneka kwezinye iimeko ukunyanga iingxaki kwingqondo nakwizakhiwo ezingqonge. Olu lutyando olungenelelayo olufuna ugqirha ukuba enze ukuvulwa, okubizwa ngokuba yi-craniotomy, kukhakhayi.

I-Microsurgery ivumela ugqirha ukuba asebenze kulwakhiwo oluncinci kakhulu kwingqondo esebenzisa imicroscope kunye nezixhobo ezincinci kakhulu, ezichanekileyo.

I-radiosurgery ye-stereotactic inokufuneka kwiindidi ezithile zokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ye-neva. Olu luhlobo lonyango lwe-radiation olujolise kwi-x-reyi enamandla aphezulu kwindawo encinci yomzimba, ngaloo ndlela kuthintelwe ukonakala kwizicubu zobuchopho ezingqongileyo.

Unyango lwezifo ezinxulumene nenkqubo ye-nervous okanye ukuphazamiseka kunokubandakanya:

• Amayeza, kunokwenzeka ukuba anikwe ziimpompo zamachiza (ezinjengezo zisetyenziselwa abantu abanezihlunu ezinzima)
• Ukuvuselelwa kwengqondo enzulu
• Ukuvuselelwa kwentambo yomqolo
• Ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo / unyango lomzimba emva kokonzakala kwengqondo okanye ukubetha
• Utyando lomqolo

NGUBANI OBANDAKANYEKAYO

Iqela lezonyango le-neuroscience lihlala lenziwa ngababoneleli bezempilo abavela kwizinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Oku kunokubandakanya:

• I-Neurologist -ugqirha ofumene uqeqesho olongezelelweyo kunyango lweengqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yeemvakalelo
• Ugqirha we-Vascular - ugqirha ofumene uqeqesho olongezelelweyo kunyango lotyando lweengxaki zemithambo yegazi
• I-Neurosurgeon -ugqirha ofumene uqeqesho olongezelelweyo kwingqondo kunye nonyango lomqolo
• I-Neuropsychologist -ugqirha oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ekulawuleni nasekutolikeni iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wokuqonda kwengqondo
• Ugqirha wezinhlungu - ugqirha ofumene uqeqesho ekunyangeni iintlungu ezinzima kunye neenkqubo kunye namayeza
• Ingcali yengqondo -ugqirha onyanga isifo sokuziphatha ngengqondo ngamachiza
• Ingcali yezengqondo-ngugqirha onyanga iimeko zokuziphatha kwengqondo kunyango lwentetho
• I-Radiologist - ugqirha ofumene uqeqesho olongezelelekileyo ekutolikeni imifanekiso yezonyango kunye nokwenza iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo usebenzisa itekhnoloji yokucinga ngokukodwa ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye neenkqubo zovalo
• I-Neuroscientist -umntu owenza uphando ngenkqubo yeemvakalelo
• Iingcali zabongikazi (NPs)
• Abancedisi bamagqirha (PAs)
• Izondlo okanye izondlo
• Oogqirha bonyango
• Iingcali zonyango, ezinceda ngokuhamba, amandla, ukulinganisela kunye nokuguquguquka
• Iingcali zonyango, ezinceda ukugcina abantu besebenza kakuhle ekhaya nasemsebenzini
• Abanyangi bolwimi oluthethayo, abanceda ngentetho, ulwimi, kunye nokuqonda

Olu luhlu alubandakanyi konke.

UDaroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL. Ukuchongwa kwesifo semithambo-luvo. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2016: isahluko 1.

UDaroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL. Uphando lweLabhoratri ekuchongeni nasekulawuleni isifo se-neurological. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2016: isahluko 33.

UDaroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL. Ulawulo lwezifo zemithambo-luvo. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SK, ii-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley kwiKlinikhi yokuziqhelanisa. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 53.

Iipurves D, uAugustine GJ, uFitzpatrick D, et al. Ukufunda inkqubo luvo. Ku: I-Purves D, uAugustine GJ, uFitzpatrick D, et al, ii-eds. Inzululwazi. Umhla wesi-6. ENew York, NY: IYunivesithi yaseOxford Press; 2017; isahluko 1.