Intsholongwane kaGawulayo / uGawulayo kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo nakwiintsana

Le ntsholongwane ibangela uGawulayo. Xa umntu osulelwe yi-HIV, intsholongwane ihlasela kwaye iwenze buthathaka amajoni omzimba. Njengokuba amajoni omzimba esiba buthathaka, umntu usemngciphekweni wokufumana usulelo olusongela ubomi kunye nomhlaza. Xa oko kusenzeka, isigulo kuthiwa nguGawulayo.

INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​inokudluliselwa kwimveku okanye usana olusandul 'ukuzalwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngexesha lokubeleka okanye ukubeleka, okanye ngokuncelisa.

Eli nqaku limalunga ne-HIV / AIDS kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo nakwiintsana.

Uninzi lwabantwana abane-HIV bayifumana le ntsholongwane xa isuka kumama one-HIV isiya emntwaneni. Oku kunokwenzeka xa ukhulelwe, xa ubeleka okanye xa uncancisa.

Kuphela ligazi, amadlozi, ulwelo lobufazi, kunye nobisi lwebele oluye lwabonisa ukuhambisa usulelo kwabanye.

Intsholongwane ayisasazeki kwiintsana ngo:

• Ukunxibelelana okungaqhelekanga, njengokugona okanye ukuphathaphatha
• Ukuchukumisa izinto ezazichukunyiswe ngumntu osuleleke yintsholongwane, ezinje ngeetawuli okanye amalaphu okuhlamba
• Amathe, ukubila, okanye iinyembezi ezingaxutywanga negazi lomntu osulelekileyo

Uninzi lweentsana ezizalwe ngabasetyhini abane-HIV e-United States abazukuba ne-HIV ukuba umama nosana banononophelo olulungileyo ngaphambi kokubeleka nasemva kokubeleka.

Iintsana ezosulelwe yi-HIV kaninzi azinazo iimpawu kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu zokuqala. Nje ukuba ukukhula kweempawu, zinokwahluka. Iimpawu zokuqala zinokubandakanya:

• Usulelo lwegwele (candida) emlonyeni
• Ukusilela ukutyeba kunye nokukhula
• Ukudumba kwamadlala
• Ukudumba kwamadlala amathe
• I-spleen eyandisiweyo okanye isibindi
• Usulelo lwendlebe kunye nesinus
• Usulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumula
• Ukucotha ukuhamba, ukukhasa, okanye ukuthetha xa kuthelekiswa neentsana ezisempilweni
• Urhudo

Unyango kwangoko luthintela usulelo lwe-HIV ekubeni luqhubele phambili.

Ngaphandle konyango, amajoni omzimba omntwana atyhafe ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye usulelo olungaqhelekanga kubantwana abasempilweni luyakhula. Ezi zizifo ezosulelayo emzimbeni. Zingabangelwa ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, ifungi, okanye iprotozoa. Okwangoku, isigulo siye saba sisifo sikagawulayo.

Nazi iimvavanyo umama okhulelweyo kunye nosana anokuthi afumane i-HIV:

IIMVAVANYO ZOKUTSHINTSHA INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​KWABASetyhini abakhulelweyo

Bonke abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kufuneka benze uvavanyo lokuhlola i-HIV kunye nolunye uvavanyo lwaphambi kokubeleka. Abasetyhini abasemngciphekweni omkhulu kufuneka bahlolwe okwesibini ngexesha lesithathu lesithathu.

Oomama abangavavanywanga banokufumana uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-HIV ngexesha lokubeleka.

Umfazi owaziwayo ukuba une-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa uya kuvavanywa igazi rhoqo, kubandakanya:

• Ubalo lwe-CD4
• Uvavanyo lomthwalo wentsholongwane, ukujonga ukuba ingakanani i-HIV esegazini
• Uvavanyo lokujonga ukuba intsholongwane izakuphendula na kumayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-HIV (ekuthiwa luvavanyo lokunganyangeki)

UVAVANYO LOKUTSHINTSHA INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ​​EZINGaneni nasezintsaneni

Iintsana ezizelwe ngabasetyhini abosuleleke yi-HIV kufuneka zivavanyelwe usulelo lwe-HIV. Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba ingakanani intsholongwane kagawulayo esemzimbeni. Kwiintsana ezizalwe ngoomama abane-HIV, kwenziwa uvavanyo lwe-HIV:

• Iintsuku ezili-14 ukuya kwezi-21 emva kokuzalwa
• Kwiinyanga ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2
• Kwiinyanga ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo ezi-2 azinayo, usana alunalo usulelo lwe-HIV. Ukuba iziphumo zalo naluphi na uvavanyo luthi unayo, umntwana une-HIV.

Iintsana ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu wokosulelwa yi-HIV zinokuvavanywa xa zizalwa.

Intsholongwane kaGawulayo / noGawulayo inyangwa ngonyango lwe-antiretroviral (ART). La mayeza ayayinqanda intsholongwane.

UKUNYANGELA ABAFAZI ABAKHULELWEYO

Ukunyanga abasetyhini abakhulelweyo abane-HIV kuthintela abantwana ekubeni bosulelwe.

• Ukuba ngaba umntu wasetyhini uvavanyiwe ukuba unayo xa ekhulelwe, uyakufumana i-ART ngexa ekhulelwe. Rhoqo, uya kufumana irejimeni yamachiza amathathu.
• Umngcipheko wala machiza e-ART kusana olusesibelekweni luphantsi. Umama unokuba nenye i-ultrasound kwikota yesibini yesibini.
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo inokufunyanwa kowasetyhini xa esiya kubeleka, ngakumbi ukuba akazange alufumane unyango lwangaphambi kokubeleka. Ukuba kunjalo, uya kunyangwa ngamachiza ee-antiretroviral ngoko nangoko. Ngamanye amaxesha la machiza aya kunikwa ngomthambo (IV).
• Ukuba uvavanyo lokuqala oluqinisekileyo luphakathi kokubeleka, ukufumana i-ART ngoko nangoko ngexesha lokubeleka kungalinciphisa izinga losulelo ebantwaneni ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10%.

UKUNYANGELA IIMSANA NEENTSANA

Iintsana ezizalwe ngoomama abosulelekileyo ziqala ukufumana i-ART kwisithuba seeyure ezintandathu ukuya kwezili-12 emva kokuzalwa. Elinye okanye amachiza ee-antiretroviral kufuneka aqhubeke iiveki ezintandathu ubuncinci emva kokuzalwa.

UKUNCancISA

Abasetyhini abane-HIV akufuneki bancancise. Oku kuyinyaniso nakwabasetyhini abathatha amayeza e-HIV. Ukwenza njalo kunokudlulisela i-HIV kusana ngobisi lwebele.

Imiceli mngeni yokuba ngumlondolozi womntwana one-HIV / AIDS isenokuncedwa ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso. Kula maqela, amalungu abelana ngamava aqhelekileyo kunye neengxaki.

Umngcipheko wokuba umama ahambise i-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha lokubeleka uphantsi koomama abachongiweyo kwaye baphathwa kwangoko xa bekhulelwe. Xa anyangwa, ithuba lokosuleleka lusana lwakhe lungaphantsi kwe-1%. Ngenxa yovavanyo lwakwangoko kunye nonyango, zingaphantsi kwama-200 iintsana ezizalwe zine-HIV eMelika ngonyaka.

Ukuba imeko ye-HIV yowasetyhini ayifumaneki de kube lixesha lokusebenza, unyango olululo lunokunciphisa izinga losulelo kwiintsana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-10%.

Abantwana abane-HIV / AIDS kuya kufuneka bathathe i-ART ubomi babo bonke. Unyango alunyangi usulelo. Amayeza asebenza kuphela ukuba athathwa yonke imihla. Ngonyango olululo, abantwana abane-HIV / AIDS banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba unayo i-HIV okanye usemngciphekweni wokufumana i-HIV, KUNYE uyakhulelwa okanye ucinga ukukhulelwa.

Abasetyhini abane-HIV abanokukhulelwa kufuneka bathethe nomboneleli wabo malunga nomngcipheko wosana lwabo olungekazalwa. Kuya kufuneka baxoxe nangeendlela zokuthintela usana lwabo ukuba bosulelwe, njengokuthatha ii-ARV ngexa lokukhulelwa. Kwangoko umfazi eqala amayeza, kokukhona lithoba ithuba lokosuleleka emntwaneni.

Abasetyhini abane-HIV akufuneki bancancise usana lwabo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukudlulisela i-HIV kusana ngobisi lwebele.

Usulelo lwe-HIV - abantwana; Human immunodeficiency virus - abantwana; Ukufumana isifo sokungabikho komzimba - abantwana; Ukukhulelwa - i-HIV; Intsholongwane kaGawulayo; Ukuzalwa komntu - i-HIV

• Usulelo lwe-HIV oluphambili
• Intsholongwane kaGawulayo

Clinicalinfo.HIV.gov iwebhusayithi. Izikhokelo zokusetyenziswa kwee-antiretroviral agents kusulelo lwabantwana lwe-HIV. clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/pediatric-arv/whats-new- isikhokelo. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 12, 2021. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 9, 2021.

Clinicalinfo.HIV.gov iwebhusayithi. Iingcebiso malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza ee-antiretroviral kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abanosulelo lwe-HIV kunye nongenelelo lokunciphisa usulelo lwe-HIV osana luzelwe eMelika. clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/perinatal/whats-new-Izikhokelo. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 10, 2021. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 9, 2021.

IHayes EV. Intsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye nokufumana isifo se-immunodeficiency syndrome. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, ii-eds. Incwadi kaNelson yeNcwadi yePediatrics. Umhla wama-21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 302.

I-Weinberg GA, iSiberry GK. Usulelo lwentsholongwane losulelo lwabantwana. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahl. 127.