Unyango lwe-radiation oluyinxalenye - umqadi wangaphandle

Unyango lwe-radiation oluyinxalenye lusebenzisa ii-x-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza wamabele. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yimitha yebele ekhawulezileyo (APBI).

Inkqubo emiselweyo yonyango lwebele lwangaphandle luthatha iiveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6. I-APBI inokufezekiswa kwiiveki ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2. I-APBI ijolise kwidosi ephezulu yemitha kuphela okanye kufutshane nendawo apho isisu sesifuba sisuswe khona. Iyakuthintela ukuveza izicwili ezikufutshane kwimitha.

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ze-APBI:

• Umqadi wangaphandle, umxholo weli nqaku
• I-Brachytherapy (ukufaka imithombo ye-radioactive ebeleni)
• Imitha ye-intraoperative (ukuhambisa imitha ngexesha lotyando kwigumbi lokusebenza)

Unyango lwe-radiation luhlala luhanjiswa kwisibhedlele, ngaphandle kwonyango lwe-intraoperative.

Iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-radiation lwangaphandle.

• Imitha emithathu yemitha engaphandle ehambelana nayo (3DCRT)
• Unyango olutshintshileyo kwimitha ye-radiation (IMRT)

Ngaphambi kokuba ufumane unyango lwe-radiation, uya kudibana ne-radiation oncologist. Lo mntu ngugqirha ogxile kunyango lwe-radiation.

• Ugqirha uza kufaka amanqaku amancinci kulusu lwakho. La manqaku aqinisekisa ukuba umiswe ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha lonyango lwakho.
• La manqaku aya kuba ziimpawu ze-inki okanye i-tattoo esisigxina. Sukuzihlamba ii-inki de ugqibe unyango. Ziya kuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Unyango luhlala lunikwa iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki naphi na ukusuka kwiiveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-6. Ngamanye amaxesha inokunikwa kabini ngemini (ihlala ineyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 phakathi kweseshoni).

• Ngexesha leseshoni nganye yonyango uya kulala etafileni ekhethekileyo, nokuba umqolo wakho okanye isisu sakho.
• Amagcisa aya kukubeka endaweni ke ngoko kwimitha yeithagethi kwindawo yonyango.
• Unokucelwa ukuba ubambe umphefumlo wakho ngelixa i-radiation ihanjiswa. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa umda wobungakanani bentliziyo yakho efumanekayo.
• Rhoqo, uya kufumana unyango lwemitha phakathi kwemizuzu emi-1 ukuya kwemi-5. Uya kuba ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweziko lomhlaza ngaphakathi kwemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ngokomndilili.

Qiniseka ukuba awusebenzisi i-radioactive emva konyango lwe-radiation. Kukhuselekile ukuba phakathi kwabantu, kubandakanya iintsana nabantwana.

Iingcali ziye zafunda ukuba umhlaza othile kunokwenzeka ukuba ubuyele kufutshane nendawo yoqhaqho. Ke ngoko, kwezinye iimeko, lonke ibele lisenokungafuneki lifumane imitha. Ubuncinci besifuba sonyango siphatha kuphela ezinye kodwa ayisiwo onke amabele, egxile kwindawo apho umhlaza kunokwenzeka ukuba ubuye khona.

Oku kukhawulezisa imitha yamabele ekhawulezayo ikhawulezisa inkqubo.

I-APBI isetyenziselwa ukuthintela umhlaza webele ukuba ungabuyi. Xa unyango lwe-radiation lunikezelwa emva kotyando olugcina ibele, lubizwa ngokuba yonyango (olongezelelweyo) lonyango lwemitha.

I-APBI inokunikwa emva kwe-lumpectomy okanye i-mastectomy ekhethekileyo (ebizwa ngokuba luqhaqho lokulondolozwa kwebele):

• Iductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
• Inqanaba I okanye II umhlaza webele

Xelela umboneleli wakho wezempilo ukuba ngawaphi amayeza owasebenzisayo.

Nxiba iimpahla ezikhululekileyo kunyango.

Unyango ngemitha lungonakalisa okanye lubulale iiseli ezisempilweni. Ukufa kweeseli ezisempilweni kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zixhomekeke kwidosi yemitha kunye nokuba ufumana unyango kangaphi. Imitha inokuba neziphumo zexesha elifutshane (ezibukhali) okanye zexesha elide (kamva).

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elifutshane zinokuqala ngaphakathi kweentsuku okanye iiveki emva kokuba unyango luqale. Uninzi lweziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zolu hlobo zihamba kwiiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kokuba unyango luphelile. Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zexesha elifutshane zibandakanya:

• Ubomvu besifuba, ukuthamba, ubuntununtunu
• Ukudumba kwamabele okanye ukudumba
• Usulelo lwebele (kunqabile)

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zexesha elide zinokuqala iinyanga okanye iminyaka emva konyango kwaye zinokubandakanya:

• Ukunciphisa ubungakanani besifuba
• Ukwanda kokuqina kwebele
• Ubomvu besikhumba kunye nombala
• Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ukuqhekeka kwembambo, iingxaki zentliziyo (ngakumbi kwimisebe yasekhohlo), okanye ukudumba kwemiphunga (okubizwa ngokuba yi-pneumonitis) okanye izicwili ezibomvu ezichaphazela ukuphefumla
• Ukukhula komhlaza wesibini kwiminyaka yesifuba okanye yesifuba okanye kumashumi eminyaka kamva
• Ukudumba kwengalo (i-edema) -kuqheleke ngakumbi ukuba ii-lymph node zisuswe ngotyando kwaye ukuba indawo ye-armpit iphathwe ngemitha

Ababoneleli bakho baya kuchaza ukhathalelo ekhaya ngexesha nangasemva konyango lwemitha.

Imitha yelitha ekhethekileyo elandela unyango lokondla amabele inciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza ubuye, kwaye mhlawumbi nokufa ngenxa yomhlaza webele.

I-carcinoma yebele - unyango lwenxalenye yelanga; Imitha yelanga engaphandle yenxalenye - ibele; Unyango olutshintshileyo lwonyango-umhlaza wamabele; I-IMRT - umhlaza webele WBRT; Isifuba esincedayo - i-IMRT; I-APBI-IMRT; Ukukhawuleziswa okukhawulezileyo kwamabele webele-i-IMRT; Imitha yelanga ehambelana nayo - ibele

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lomhlaza wamabele (umntu omdala) (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/ Unyango-esifo-pdq. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 11, 2021. Kufumaneka ngo-Matshi 11, 2021.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango ngemitha kunye nawe: inkxaso kubantu abanomhlaza. www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/radiationttherapy.pdf. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Okthobha ka-2016. Ifikeleleke ngo-Okthobha u-5, 2020.

Shah C, Harris EE, Holmes D, Vicini FA. Inxalenye yebele ye-irradiation: ukukhawulezisa kunye nokungenelela. Ku: Bland KI, Copeland EM, Klimberg VS, Gradishar WJ, ii-eds. Isifuba: Ulawulo oluBanzi lwezifo ezinobungozi kunye nezifo ezinobungozi. Umhla we-5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 51.