Isifo seCoronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)

Isifo seCoronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) sisifo sokuphefumla esibangela umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela kunye nokuphefumla kancinci. I-COVID-19 iyosulela kakhulu, kwaye isasazeke kwihlabathi jikelele. Uninzi lwabantu lufumana ukugula okuphakathi ukuya kokuphakathi. Abantu abadala abadala kunye nabantu abaneemeko ezithile zempilo basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokugula kakhulu kunye nokufa.

I-COVID-19 ibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 (isifo esiqatha sokuphefumla kwesifo coronavirus 2). IiCoronaviruses lusapho lweentsholongwane ezinokuthi zichaphazele abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Banokubangela izifo zokuphefumla eziphakathi ukuya kweziphakathi, ezinje ngengqele eqhelekileyo. Ezinye ii-coronaviruses zinokubangela ukugula kakhulu okunokubangela inyumoniya kunye nokufa.

I-COVID-19 yaxelwa okokuqala kwisiXeko saseWuhan, kwiPhondo laseHubei, eTshayina ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, 2019. Ukusukela ngoko, iye yasasazeka kwihlabathi liphela naphakathi eUnited States.

I-SARS-CoV-2 yi-betacoronavirus, njenge-MERS kunye ne-SARS coronaviruses, ezo zombini zavela kumalulwane. Kucingelwa ukuba intsholongwane isasazeka kwizilwanyana iye ebantwini. Ngoku intsholongwane isasazeka ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu.

I-COVID-19 isasazeka kubantu abanxibelelana nabo (malunga neenyawo ezi-6 okanye iimitha ezi-2). Xa umntu onesigulo ekhohlela, ethimla, ecula, ethetha okanye ephefumla, amathontsi afafaza emoyeni. Ungasifumana isifo ukuba uphefumlela kula mathontsi okanye angene emehlweni akho.

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-COVID-19 inokusasazeka emoyeni kwaye ichaphazele abantu abangaphezulu kweenyawo ezi-6. Amaconsi amancinci kunye namasuntswana anokuhlala emoyeni kangangemizuzu ukuya kwiiyure. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuhambisa ngenqwelomoya, kwaye inokwenzeka kwiindawo ezivalelweyo ezingenisa umoya. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukuba i-COVID-19 isasazeke kunxibelelwano olusondeleyo.

Kunqabile ukuba isifo sisasazeke ukuba uchukumisa indawo enentsholongwane kuyo, emva koko uchukumise amehlo akho, impumlo, umlomo, okanye ubuso. Kodwa oku akucingelwa ukuba yeyona ndlela iphambili inwenwa ngayo intsholongwane.

I-COVID-19 isasazeka isuka komnye umntu iye emntwini ngokukhawuleza. Amaziko aseMelika oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo (CDC) kunye noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) bajonga i-COVID-19 njengesoyikiso esibi sempilo yoluntu kwilizwe liphela naseMelika. Le meko iguquka ngokukhawuleza, ke kubalulekile ukuba ulandele isikhokelo sangoku sangoku sendlela yokuzikhusela kunye nabanye ekufumaneni nasekusasazeni i-COVID-19.

Iimpawu ze-COVID-19 ziqala ukusuka kubumnene ukuya kubunzima. Abantu abadala kunye nabantu abaneemeko ezithile zempilo ezikhoyo banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuhlaselwa sisifo esibi kunye nokufa. Iimeko zempilo ezonyusa umngcipheko zibandakanya:

• Isifo sentliziyo
• Isifo sezintso
• I-COPD (isifo esinganyangekiyo sokuphazamiseka kwemiphunga)
• Ukutyeba kakhulu (i-BMI engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu)
• Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile
• Uhlobo lwe-1 yeswekile
• Ukufakelwa komzimba
• Isifo seSickle cell
• Umhlaza
• Ukutshaya
• Isifo esiphantsi
• Ukukhulelwa

Iimpawu ze-COVID-19 zinokubandakanya:

• Ifiva
• Ukugodola
• Khohlela
• Ukuphefumla kancinci okanye ukuphefumla nzima
• Ukudinwa
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukuphulukana nemvakalelo yokunambitha okanye yokujoja
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Impumlo eyomileyo okanye ebalekayo
• Isihlunu okanye ukugabha
• Urhudo

(Qaphela: Olu ayilo luhlu lupheleleyo lweempawu ezinokubakho. Okuninzi kunokongezwa njengoko iingcali zezempilo zifunda ngakumbi ngesi sifo.)

Abanye abantu banokungabi nazimpawu kwaphela okanye banokuba nazo, kodwa ayizizo zonke iimpawu.

Iimpawu zinokuvela kwiintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-14 emva kokuvezwa. Rhoqo, iimpawu zivela kwiintsuku ezi-5 emva kokuvezwa. Nangona kunjalo, ungayisasaza intsholongwane naxa ungenazo iimpawu.

Iimpawu ezinzima ezifuna ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza zibandakanya:

• Ingxaki yokuphefumla
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo
• Ukudideka
• Ukungakwazi ukuvuka
• Imilebe eblue okanye ubuso

Ukuba unempawu ze-COVID-19, umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuthatha isigqibo sokuvavanya isifo.

Ukuba uvavanyelwa i-COVID-19, ii-swabs ezivela ngasemva kwempumlo, umphambili wempumlo, okanye umqala uya kuqokelelwa. Ukuba umntu kucingelwa ukuba une-COVID-19, ezi sampuli ziya kuvavanywa i-SARS-CoV-2.

Ukuba uyachacha ekhaya, ukhathalelo oluxhasayo lunikezelwa ukunceda ukukhulula iimpawu. Abantu abagula kakhulu baya kunyangwa esibhedlele. Abanye abantu banikwa amayeza olingo.

Ukuba ukhathalelwe esibhedlele kwaye ufumana unyango lweoksijini, unyango lwe-COVID-19 lunokubandakanya la mayeza alandelayo, asavavanywa:

• I-Remdesivir, iyeza le-antiviral, ukunceda ukucothisa intsholongwane. Eli yeza linikwa ngomthambo (IV).
• I-Dexamethasone, iyeza le-steroid, ukunceda ukunciphisa ukusabela okungaphezulu komzimba emzimbeni. Ukuba i-dexamethasone ayifumaneki, unokunikwa enye i-corticosteroid enje nge-prednisone, methylprednisolone okanye i-hydrocortisone.
• Kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, unganikwa elinye okanye elinye iyeza, okanye omabini la mayeza kunye.
• Uya kunyangwa naziphi na iingxaki kwesi sifo. Umzekelo, unokunikwa abacoci gazi ekuncedeni ukunciphisa amathuba okuba amahlwili egazi, okanye unokuba nedialysis ukuba izintso zakho azisebenzi kakuhle.

Ukuba ngaba uvavanyo luthi unayo i-COVID-19 kwaye usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokugula okunzulu kwesi sifo, umboneleli wakho unokucebisa amayeza abizwa ngokuba ngamachiza omzimba.

I-Bamlanivimab okanye i-casirivimab kunye ne-imdevimab zimbini iirejimeni ezivunyiweyo zokusetyenziswa okungxamisekileyo yi-FDA. Ukuba unikwa kwakamsinya emva kokuba wosulelekile, la mayeza anokunceda amajoni akho omzimba ukulwa intsholongwane. Banokunikwa abantu abagula ngokuphakathi ukuya kokumodareyitha abangalaliswanga esibhedlele.

Olunye unyango olunokwenzeka, olunjengeplasma kubantu ababene-COVID-19 kwaye baphinde bachacha, ziyafundwa, kodwa abukho ubungqina obaneleyo bokuzicebisa ngeli xesha.

Ngokusekwe kubungqina obukhoyo, izikhokelo zonyango zangoku ezivela kumaZiko ezeMpilo kaZwelonke acebisa ngokuchasene nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza e-COVID-19, kubandakanya i-chloroquine kunye ne-hydroxychloroquine. Musa ukuthatha naziphi na iziyobisi ukunyanga i-COVID-19 ngaphandle kwaleyo ibekwe ngumboneleli wakho. Jonga umboneleli wakho ngaphambi kokuba uzinyange okanye uthandwe ziivithamini, izakhamzimba, okanye nawaphi na amayeza amiselweyo ngaphambili ngezinye iingxaki zempilo.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Ukonakala kwentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi, izintso, ingqondo, ulusu, amehlo, kunye nezitho zesisu
• Ukusilela kokuphefumla
• Ukufa

Kuya kufuneka unxibelelane nomboneleli wakho:

• Ukuba uneempawu kwaye ucinga ukuba usenokuvezwa kwi-COVID-19
• Ukuba une-COVID-19 kwaye iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu

Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo ukuba unayo:

• Ingxaki yokuphefumla
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye uxinzelelo
• Ukudideka okanye ukungakwazi ukuvuka
• Imilebe eblue okanye ubuso
• Naziphi na ezinye iimpawu ezinzima okanye ezikukhathazayo
  

Ngaphambi kokuba uye kwi-ofisi kagqirha okanye esibhedlele esiphuthumayo (ED), tsalela umnxeba phambili kwaye ubaxelele ukuba unayo okanye ucinga ukuba unayo i-COVID-19. Baxelele ngazo naziphi na iimeko ezingaphantsi onokuba nazo, ezinjengesifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile, okanye isifo semiphunga. Nxiba isigqubuthelo sobuso esinelaphu elinamaleko ubuncinci ama-2 xa undwendwele iofisi okanye i-ED, ngaphandle kokuba yenza kubenzima ukuphefumla. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhusela abanye abantu odibana nabo.

Amachiza e-COVID-19 asetyenziselwa ukukhulisa amajoni omzimba kunye nokukhusela kwi-COVID-19. Ezi zitofu sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokunceda ukumisa ubhubhane we-COVID-19.

Okwangoku kukho unikezelo olunqongopheleyo lwesitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19. Ngenxa yoku, i-CDC yenze izindululo kurhulumente nakwimimandla malunga nokuba ngubani ekufuneka efumene izitofu kuqala. Buza kwisebe lakho lempilo likarhulumente kwingcaciso ekwindawo yakho.

Kwanasemva kokuba ufumene idosi yokugonya, uya kudinga ukuqhubeka unxiba imaski, uhlale ubuncinci iinyawo ezi-6 kude nabanye, kwaye uhlambe izandla rhoqo.

Iingcali zisafunda malunga nokuba izitofu ze-COVID-19 zikhusela njani, ke kufuneka siqhubeke nokwenza konke esinako ukunqanda ukusasazeka. Umzekelo, akwaziwa ukuba umntu ogonyiweyo angayisasaza na intsholongwane, nangona ekhuselekile kuyo.

Ngesi sizathu, de kube kwaziwa ngakumbi, ukusebenzisa izitofu kunye namanyathelo okukhusela abanye zezona ndlela zokuhlala ukhuselekile kwaye usempilweni.

Ukuba unayo i-COVID-19 okanye uneempawu zayo, kuya kufuneka uzenze ikheswa ekhaya kwaye uphephe ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekhaya lakho, ukunqanda ukusasaza isifo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukwahlukaniswa ekhaya okanye ukuzimela. Kuya kufuneka uyenze kwangoko kwaye ungalindi naluphi na uvavanyo lwe-COVID-19.

• Kangangoko kunokwenzeka, hlala kwigumbi elithile kwaye ukude nabanye ekhayeni lakho. Sebenzisa igumbi lokuhlambela elahlukileyo ukuba unako. Ungashiyi ikhaya lakho ngaphandle kokuba ufumane unyango.
• Musa ukuhamba xa ugula. Sukusebenzisa ezothutho zikawonkewonke okanye iiteksi.
• Gcina umkhondo weempawu zakho. Unokufumana imiyalelo ngendlela yokujonga kunye nokunika ingxelo ngeempawu zakho.
• Hlala unxibelelana nogqirha wakho. Ngaphambi kokuba uye kwi-ofisi kagqirha okanye kwisebe likaxakeka (ED), tsalela umnxeba phambili kwaye ubaxelele ukuba unayo okanye ucinga ukuba unayo i-COVID-19.
• Sebenzisa imaski yobuso xa ubona umboneleli wakho nangaliphi na ixesha abanye abantu bekwigumbi elinye nawe.Ukuba awukwazi ukunxiba imaski, umzekelo, ngenxa yeengxaki zokuphefumla, abantu ekhayeni lakho kufuneka banxibe imaski ukuba bafuna ukuba kwigumbi elinye nawe.
• Kulumkele ukunxibelelana nezilwanyana zasekhaya okanye ezinye izilwanyana. (I-SARS-CoV-2 ingasasazeka isuka ebantwini iye ezilwanyaneni, kodwa akwaziwa ukuba kwenzeka kaninzi kangakanani oku.)
• Vala umlomo kunye nempumlo ngethishu okanye umkhono (hayi izandla) xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla. Amathontsi akhutshwa xa umntu ethimla okanye ekhohlela ayosulela. Lahla izicubu emva kokusetyenziswa.
• Hlamba izandla zakho amaxesha amaninzi ngemini ngesepha kunye namanzi abalekayo kangangemizuzwana engama-20. Yenza oku phambi kokutya okanye ukulungisa ukutya, emva kokuya kwindlu yangasese, nasemva kokukhohlela, ukuthimla, okanye ukuvuthela impumlo. Sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisesandleni esinotywala (ubuncinci i-60% yotywala) ukuba isepha namanzi azifumaneki.
• Kuphephe ukubamba ubuso, amehlo, impumlo nomlomo ngezandla ezingahlanjwanga.
• Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zakho ezinje ngeekomityi, izinto zokutya, iitawuli okanye izinto zokulala. Hlamba nantoni na oyisebenzise kwisepha namanzi.
• Coca zonke iindawo "ezibambe kakhulu" ekhayeni, ezinjengee-doorknobs, izindlu zangasese kunye neekhitshi, izindlu zangasese, iifowuni, iipilisi, izinto zokubala kunye nezinye iindawo. Sebenzisa isicoci sokucoca indlu kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa.

Kuya kufuneka uhlale ekhaya, uphephe ukunxibelelana nabantu, kwaye ulandele isikhokelo somnikezeli wakho kunye nesebe lezempilo lendawo malunga nokuba uyeke nini ukwahlukaniswa ekhaya.

Kukwabalulekile ukunceda ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo ukukhusela abantu abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokugula kakhulu kunye nokukhusela ababoneleli abakwimigca ephambili yokujongana ne-COVID-19.

Ngeso sizathu, wonke umntu kufuneka aziqhelanise nokuhamba emzimbeni. Ithetha ukuba:

• Ziphephe iindawo zikawonke-wonke ezinabantu abaninzi kunye neendibano ezinkulu, ezinjengeendawo zokuthenga, iithiyetha zemiboniso bhanyabhanya, iiholo zekhonsathi, iinkomfa kunye nebala lezemidlalo.
• Musa ukuqokelela ngokwamaqela amakhulu kune-10. Abantu abambalwa ochitha ixesha nabo, ngcono.
• Hlala ubuncinci i-6 yeenyawo (2 yeemitha) kwabanye abantu.
• Sebenza ekhaya (ukuba lukhetho olo).
• Ukuba kuya kufuneka uphume, nxiba isigqubuthelo sobuso okanye ilaphu lekhava yobuso kwiindawo ekunokuba nzima kuzo ukugcina ukuhamba kude ngokomzimba, njengevenkile yokutya.

Ukufumanisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwindawo ohlala kuyo, jonga kwiwebhusayithi yakho yaseburhulumenteni okanye kurhulumente.

Funda ngakumbi nge-COVID-19 nawe:

• yezaweb.hhs.gov
• www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html

Ngolwazi lophando lwamva nje:

• yomntu.nih.gov

Ulwazi malunga ne-COVID-19 evela kuMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi:

• www.who.int/emergency/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019

ICoronavirus - 2019; ICoronavirus-inoveli 2019; intsholongwane ye-Corona engaziwayo ka-2019; I-SARS-CoV-2

• I-COVID-19
• Intsholongwane ye-Corona
• Inkqubo yokuphefumla
• Indawo ephezulu yokuphefumla
• Indlela yokuphefumla esezantsi
• Iimaski zobuso zithintela ukusasazeka kwe-COVID-19
• Unxiba njani imaski yobuso ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-COVID-19
• Isitofu se-covid-19

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. I-COVID-19: Ungazikhusela njani kunye nabanye. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 4, 2021. Kufumaneka ngoFebruwari 6, 2021.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. I-COVID-19: Abasebenzi bezempilo: Ulwazi malunga ne-COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/hcp/index.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 11, 2020. Kufikeleleke ngoFebruwari 11, 2021.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. I-COVID-19: Isikhokelo sempilo yoluntu ekuchaseni okunxulumene noluntu. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/public-health-recommendations.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoDisemba 3, 2020. Kufikeleleke ngoFebruwari 6, 2021.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. I-COVID-19: Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nogonyo lwe-COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/faq.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 25, 2021. Kufumaneka ngoFebruwari 6, 2021.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. I-COVID-19: Unyango umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokucebisa ukuba uyagula. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/treatment-for-severe-illness.html. Ukuhlaziywa ngoDisemba 8, 2020. Kufikeleleke ngoFebruwari 6, 2021.

Amaziko oLawulo lweNtsholongwane kunye noThintelo lwewebhusayithi. I-COVID-19: Ungenza ntoni xa ugula. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/if-you-are-sick/steps-when-ick.html. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 31. Kufumaneka ngoFebruwari 6, 2021.

Amaziko kaZwelonke wezeMpilo. Izikhokelo zonyango ze-COVID-19. Ulawulo lonyango lwezigulana ezine-COVID-19. www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapeutic-management/. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 11, 2021. Kufumaneka ngoFebruwari 11, 2021.