I-3-D Mammograms: Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Ziziphi iinzuzo?
• Zeziphi iingxaki?
• Ngubani umgqatswa wale nkqubo?
• Ingaba ibiza malini?
• Yintoni onokuyilindela
• Luthini uphando?
• Ukuthatha

Ushwankathelo

I-mammogram yi-X-ray yezicubu zebele. Isetyenziselwa ukunceda ekufumaneni umhlaza wamabele. Ngokwesiko, le mifanekiso ithathiwe kwi-2-D, ke yimifanekiso emnyama nomhlophe ethe tyaba evavanywa ngumboneleli wezempilo kwiscreen sekhompyuter.

Kukho ii-mammograms ezi-3-D ezikhoyo zokusetyenziswa nge-2-D mammogram okanye iyodwa. Olu vavanyo luthatha iifoto ezininzi zamabele ngaxeshanye kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo, ukudala umfanekiso ocacileyo, ocacileyo.

Unokuva le teknoloji iphambili ekubhekiswe kuyo njenge-digital tomosynthesis okanye nje i-tomo.

Ziziphi iinzuzo?

Ngokwe-Statistics of Cancer Statistics yase-US, phantse ama-63,000 abasetyhini bayakufunyaniswa benomzimba ongafunekiyo womhlaza webele kwi-2019, ngelixa phantse ama-270,000 amabhinqa aya kufunyaniswa enefom engenayo.

Ukufumanisa kwangoko kubalulekile ekufumaneni isifo ngaphambi kokuba sinwenwe kunye nokuphucula amazinga okusinda.

Olunye ulwazi lwe-3-D mammography lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ivunyiwe ukuba isetyenziswe yi-U.S.
• Kungcono ekufumaneni umhlaza wamabele kubafazi abancinci abanezicubu zamabele ezixineneyo.
• Ivelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezifanayo nezo ungazifumana nge-CT scan.
• Iyanciphisa ukuqeshwa okongeziweyo kweendawo ezingenamhlaza.
• Xa usenziwa wedwa, awuchazi umzimba kwimitha ebonakalayo ngakumbi kunokwenziwa kwemveli.

Zeziphi iingxaki?

Malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zamaziko oPhononongo loMhlaza weSifuba unikezela ii-mammograms ezi-3-D, nto leyo ethetha ukuba obu bugcisa abukafumaneki lula kuye wonke umntu.

Nazi ezinye zeengxaki ezinokubakho:

• Ixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-2-D mammography, kwaye i-inshurensi inakho okanye ayinakukugubungela.
• Kuthatha ixesha elide ukwenza nokutolika.
• Xa isetyenziswa kunye ne-2-D mammography, ukubonakaliswa kwimitha kuphakama kancinci.
• Itekhnoloji entsha ngokwentelekiso, oko kuthetha ukuba ayizizo zonke iingozi kunye nezibonelelo ezingekenziwa.
• Isenokukhokelela ekubeni umntu afunyanwe egqithisile okanye “akhumbule ubuxoki.”
• Ayifumaneki kuzo zonke iindawo, kungafuneka uhambe.

Ngubani umgqatswa wale nkqubo?

Kwiminyaka engama-40 abasetyhini abasemngciphekweni ophakathi womhlaza wamabele kufuneka bathethe nomboneleli wabo wezempilo malunga nokuba baqala nini ukuhlola.

Umbutho waseMelika woMhlaza ucebisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba abasetyhini abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-45 nama-54 ubudala baneemammograms zonyaka, zilandelwa kukutyelelwa rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kuthi ga kubudala obungama-64.

I-US Preventive Services Task Force kunye ne-American College of Physicians bacebisa abantu basetyhini ukuba bafumane ii-mammograms rhoqo ngonyaka, ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-74.

Kuthekani nge-tomosynthesis yebele? Le teknoloji inokuba nezibonelelo kwabasetyhini kuyo yonke iminyaka yobudala. Oko kwathethi, izicwili zamabele zamabhinqa emva kokuyeka ukuya exesheni ziba zixinene, zisenza ukuba kube lula ukubona amathumba kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji ye-2-D.

Ngenxa yoko, ii-mammograms ezi-3-D zinokuba luncedo ngakumbi kubantu abancinci, abase-premenopausal abasetyhini abanezicubu zamabele ezixineneyo, ngokweHarvard Health.

Ingaba ibiza malini?

Ngokutsho koqikelelo lweendleko, i-3-D mammography ibiza kakhulu kune-mammogram yesiko, ke i-inshurensi yakho inokukuhlawulisa ngakumbi kolu vavanyo.

Iipolisi ezininzi zeinshurensi zigubungela uvavanyo lwe-2-D ngokupheleleyo njengenxalenye yokhathalelo lokuthintela. Nge-tomosynthesis yebele, i-inshurensi ayinakho ukuhlawula iindleko konke konke okanye inokuhlawulisa ikopi ukuya kuthi ga kwiidola ezili-100.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba i-Medicare yaqala ukugubungela uvavanyo lwe-3-D ngo-2015. Ekuqaleni kuka-2017, amazwe amahlanu ayecinga ukongeza isigunyaziso esinyanzelekileyo se-digital tomosynthesis. Amazwe aneebhili ezicetywayo zibandakanya iMaryland, iNew Hampshire, iNew Jersey, iNew York kunye neTexas.

Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga neendleko, nxibelelana nomboneleli wakho weinshurensi yezonyango ukuze ufunde ngesicwangciso sakho sokugubungela.

Yintoni onokuyilindela

Ukuba ne-mammogram ye-3-D kuyafana kakhulu kumava e-2-D. Ngapha koko, umahluko kuphela onokubona kukuba kuthatha ixesha elingumzuzu ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-3-D.

Kuzo zombini zovavanyo, isifuba sakho sicinezelwe phakathi kwamacwecwe amabini. Umahluko kukuba ngo-2-D, imifanekiso ithathwa kuphela kwii-engile zangaphambili nezisecaleni. Nge-3-D, imifanekiso ithathwa kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi "slices" kwii-engile ezininzi.

Kuthekani ngokungonwabi? Kwakhona, amava e-2-D kunye ne-3-D ayafana. Akukho kuphazamiseka okunxulunyaniswa novavanyo oluphambili kunesiko.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, unokuba novavanyo lwe-2-D kunye ne-3-D olwenziwe kunye. Kungathatha i-radiologists ixesha elide ukutolika iziphumo ukusuka kwi-3-D mammograms kuba kukho imifanekiso emininzi ekufuneka ujonge kuyo.

Luthini uphando?

Iseti ekhulayo yedatha iphakamisa ukuba ii-mammograms ezi-3-D zinokuphucula ukubonwa komhlaza.

Kuphononongo olupapashwe kwi-Lancet, abaphandi bavavanye ukufumanisa besebenzisa ii-mammograms ezi-2-D zodwa xa kuthelekiswa ukusebenzisa ii-mammograms ezi-2-D kunye ne-3-D kunye.

Kwimihlaza engama-59 efunyenwe, ezingama-20 zafunyanwa zisebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-2-D kunye ne-3-D. Akukho nanye kwezi zomhlaza efunyenwe kusetyenziswa uvavanyo lwe-2-D kuphela.

Uphononongo olulandelayo luchaza ezi ziphumo kodwa lalumkisa ukuba indibaniselwano ye-2-D kunye ne-3-D ye-mammografi inokukhokelela "kwizikhumbuzo ezingezizo zobuxoki." Ngamanye amagama, ngelixa umhlaza ongaphezulu ubonwa kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano yetekhnoloji, inokuthi ikhokelele kwimeko yokufumana isifo okungaphaya kokuqonda.

Olunye uphononongo lujonge ixesha elithathayo ukufumana imifanekiso kwaye uyifundele iimpawu zomhlaza. Ngama-mammograms ama-2-D, ixesha eliqhelekileyo belijikeleze imizuzu emi-3 kunye nemizuzwana eli-13. Ngama-mammograms ama-3-D, ixesha eliqhelekileyo belijikeleze imizuzu emi-4 kunye nemizuzwana emi-3.

Ukutolika iziphumo nge-3-D kwakukude ngokunjalo: imizuzwana engama-77 xa kuthelekiswa nemizuzwana engama-33. Abaphandi bagqiba kwelokuba eli xesha longezelelekileyo belifanelekile. Ukudityaniswa kweemifanekiso emi-2-D kunye ne-3-D kuphuculwe ukuchaneka kovavanyo kwaye kukhokelela kwizikhumbuzo ezimbalwa.

Ukuthatha

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga ne-3-D mammograms, ngakumbi ukuba ungaphambi kokuya exesheni okanye ukrokrela ukuba unezicwili zamabele ezixineneyo. Umboneleli wakho weinshurensi unokuchaza naziphi na iindleko ezinxulumene noko, kunye nokwabelana ngeendawo ezikufutshane nawe ezenza uvavanyo lwe3-D.

Nokuba yeyiphi indlela oyikhethayo, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolo lwakho lonyaka. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko komhlaza wamabele kunceda ukubamba esi sifo ngaphambi kokuba sinwenwele kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ukufumana umhlaza kwangoko kukwavula ezinye iindlela zonyango kwaye kunokuphucula izinga lokusinda kwakho.