Umbhali: Gregory Harris
Umhla Wokudalwa: 15 Utshazimpuzi 2021
Hlaziya Umhla: 18 Eyenkanga 2024
Anonim
Vitamin B1 : Thiamine
Ividiyo: Vitamin B1 : Thiamine

Umxholo

I-Thiamine yivithamini, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-vitamin B1. I-Vitamin B1 ifumaneka kukutya okuninzi kubandakanya igwele, ukutya okuziinkozo, iimbotyi, amandongomane kunye nenyama. Ihlala isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo nezinye iivithamini ze-B, kwaye ifunyenwe kwiimveliso ezininzi ezinobunzima be-vitamin B. Iivithamini B izakhiwo ngokubanzi zibandakanya ivithamini B1 (thiamine), ivithamini B2 (riboflavin), ivithamini B3 (niacin / niacinamide), ivithamini B5 (pantothenic acid), ivithamini B6 (pyridoxine), ivithamini B12 (cyanocobalamin), kunye nefolic acid. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimveliso azinazo zonke ezi zithako kwaye ezinye zinokubandakanya ezinye, ezinje nge-biotin, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), choline bitartrate, kunye ne-inositol.

Abantu bathatha i-thiamine yeemeko ezinxulumene namanqanaba asezantsi e-thiamine (i-thiamine defence syndromes), kubandakanya i-beriberi kunye nokudumba kwemithambo-luvo (i-neuritis) ehambelana nepellagra okanye ukukhulelwa.

I-Thiamine ikwasetyenziselwa ukonyusa amajoni omzimba, iingxaki zendlela yokwetyisa, iintlungu zeswekile, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nezinye iimeko, kodwa abukho ubungqina benzululwazi obuxhasa ezi zinto zisetyenziswayo.

Ababoneleli bezempilo banika i-thiamine shots kwisifo sememori esibizwa ngokuba yi-Wernicke's encephalopathy syndrome, ezinye izifo ezinesifo se-thiamine kubantu abagula kakhulu, kunye notywala.

Amayeza endalo aVimba weDatha Ukusebenza kwexabiso ngokusekwe kubungqina besayensi ngokwala manqanaba alandelayo: Ukusebenza, ukusebenza ngokukuko, okunokwenzeka ukuba kusebenze, okungenzeka kungasebenzi, kunokwenzeka ukungasebenzi, ukungasebenzi, kunye nobungqina obungonelanga bokulinganisa.

Ukulinganiswa kokusebenza kwe THIAMINE zezi zilandelayo:


Ukusebenza ...

  • Ukuswela ityamine. Ukuthatha i-thiamine ngomlomo kunceda ukuthintela nokunyanga ukusilela kwe-thiamine.
  • Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubangelwa ngamanqanaba asezantsi e-thiamine (Isifo seWernicke-Korsakoff). I-Thiamine inceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye neempawu zesifo esithile sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yiWernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS). Oku kuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunxulumene namanqanaba asezantsi e-thiamine. Ihlala ibonakala kwiziselo ezinxilisayo. Ukunika i-thiamine shots kubonakala kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-WKS kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu ze-WKS ngexesha lokurhoxa kotywala.

Inokwenzeka ukuba isebenze ...

  • Iimpawu. Ukutya okuphezulu kwe-thiamine njengenxalenye yokutya kunxulunyaniswa nothintelo oluncitshisiweyo lokuphuhliswa kwamehlo.
  • Ukonakala kwezintso kubantu abanesifo seswekile (isifo seswekile). Uphando lwakwangoko lubonisa ukuba ukuthatha i-thiamine yedosi ephezulu (300 mg yonke imihla) kunciphisa inani le-albin kumchamo kubantu abanesifo seswekile sesi-2. Ialbumin kumchamo luphawu lokonakaliswa kwezintso.
  • Ukuxhuzula kokuya exesheni (idysmenorrhea). Ukuthatha i-thiamine kubonakala kunciphisa iintlungu zokuya exesheni kumantombazana akwishumi elivisayo nakwabasetyhini abasebatsha.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ayisebenzi ...

  • Utyando ukuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni (utyando lweCABG). Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukunika i-thiamine emthanjeni ngaphambi nasemva kotyando lwe-CABG akukhokeleli kwiziphumo ezingcono kune-placebo.
  • Izinto ezigxotha iingcongconi. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuthatha iivithamini ze-B, kubandakanya i-thiamine, akuncedi ekugxotheni iingcongconi.
  • Usulelo lwegazi (sepsis). Uninzi lophando lubonisa ukuba ukunika i-thiamine nge-IV, iyodwa okanye i-vitamin C, ayiwunciphisi umngcipheko wokufa kwabantu abane-sepsis.

Akukho bungqina baneleyo bokulinganisa ukusebenza ...

  • Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ukonyuka kokutya kwe-thiamine kunye nezinye iivithamini ze-B kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko owehlileyo wamachaphaza anqabileyo kumlomo wesibeleko.
  • Uxinzelelo. Uphando lwakwangoko lubonisa ukuba ukuthatha i-thiamine yonke imihla kunye ne-antidepressant fluoxetine kunokunciphisa iimpawu zoxinzelelo ngokukhawuleza kunokuthatha i-fluoxetine yodwa. Abantu abathatha i-thiamine babonise ukuphucula ngakumbi emva kweeveki ezi-6. Kodwa emva kweeveki ezili-12, iimpawu zazifana kwabo bathatha i-thiamine okanye i-placebo.
  • Isifo sengqondo esiyingozi. Ukuthatha i-thiamine kunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wokunciphisa isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kubantu abanengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala.
  • Ukumelwa yintliziyo. Abantu abanokusilela kwentliziyo kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba bakhulise ukusilela kwe-thiamine. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuthatha i-thiamine eyongezelelweyo kunokuphucula kancinci ukusebenza kwentliziyo. Kodwa i-thiamine ayibonakali ibanceda abantu abathi ngesiquphe bahlakulele ukusilela kwentliziyo kwaye abanayo intswelo ye-thiamine.
  • Izibilini (herpes zoster)Ukujova i-thiamine phantsi kolusu kubonakala kunciphisa ukurhawuzelela, kodwa hayi iintlungu, kubantu abane-shingles.
  • Isifo seswekile. Uphando lwakwangoko lubonisa ukuba ukuthatha i-thiamine ngomlomo kunceda ukunciphisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi emva kokutya kubantu abane-prediabetes.
  • Ukwaluphala.
  • UGawulayo.
  • Utywala.
  • Iimeko zobuchopho.
  • Izilonda zenqanawa.
  • Urhudo olunganyangekiyo.
  • Imeko yengqondo apho umntu edidekile kwaye engakwazi ukucinga kakuhle.
  • Isifo sentliziyo.
  • Ukutya okungafanelekanga.
  • Iingxaki zesisu.
  • Uxinzelelo.
  • Ukudumba okwenziwa sisilonda sikabhobhosi.
  • Ezinye iimeko.
Ubungqina obungakumbi buyafuneka ukukala i-thiamine kwezi zinto zisetyenziswayo.

I-thiamine ifunwa yimizimba yethu ukusebenzisa iicarbohydrate ngokufanelekileyo. Ikwanceda ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwentliziyo.

Xa kuthathwa ngomlomo: Thiamine ngu NGOKUKHUSELEKILEYO xa ithathwa ngomlomo izixa ezifanelekileyo, nangona kunqabile ukuba uxabane nokungahambelani nolusu.

Xa unikwe ngu-IV: Thiamine ngu NGOKUKHUSELEKILEYO xa inikwe ngokufanelekileyo ngumboneleli wezempilo. Inaliti ye-Thiamine yimveliso yonyango evunyiweyo ye-FDA.

Xa unikezwe ngokudutyulwa: Thiamine ngu NGOKUKHUSELEKILEYO xa unikwe ngokufanelekileyo njengesixhobo sokudubula kwimisipha ngumboneleli wezempilo. I-Thiamine shots iyimveliso yonyango evunyiweyo ye-FDA.

I-Thiamine isenokungangeni ngokufanelekileyo emzimbeni kwabanye abantu abaneengxaki zesibindi, basele utywala kakhulu, okanye banezinye iimeko.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye nezilumkiso:

Ukukhulelwa kunye nokuncancisa: Thiamine ngu NGOKUKHUSELEKILEYO kubafazi abakhulelweyo okanye abancancisayo xa bethathwa ngesixa esinconywayo se-1.4 mg yonke imihla. Akonelanga ngokwaziwa malunga nokhuseleko lokusebenzisa izixa ezikhulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ukuncancisa.

Utywala kunye nesifo sesibindi esibizwa ngokuba yi-cirrhosis: Utywala kunye nabantu abane-cirrhosis bahlala benamanqanaba asezantsi e-thiamine. Iintlungu zemithambo yotywala zinokuba mandundu kukusilela kwe-thiamine. Aba bantu banokufuna izongezo ze-thiamine.

Isigulo esibalulekileyoAbantu abagula kakhulu njengabo bahlinzwa banokuba namanqanaba asezantsi e-thiamine. Aba bantu banokufuna izongezo ze-thiamine.

Ukumelwa yintliziyoAbantu abanesifo sentliziyo banokuba namanqanaba asezantsi e-thiamine. Aba bantu banokufuna izongezo ze-thiamine.

Uhlalutyo lweHemodialysis: Abantu abafumana unyango lwe-hemodialysis banokuba namanqanaba asezantsi e-thiamine. Banokufuna i-thiamine supplements.

IiSyndromes apho kunzima ukuba umzimba uthathe izakhamzimba (malabsorption syndromes)Abantu abane-syndromes ye-malabsorption banokuba namanqanaba asezantsi e-thiamine. Isenokufuna ukongezwa kwe-thiamine.

Ayaziwa ukuba le mveliso iyasebenzisana nawaphi na amayeza.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe le mveliso, thetha nengcali yezempilo ukuba ngaba uthatha nawaphi na amayeza.
IBetel Nut
I-Betel (areca) iinuts zitshintsha i-thiamine ngemichiza ukuze ingasebenzi kakuhle. Ukuhlafuna rhoqo ibetel nut ixesha elide kunokuba negalelo ekusweleni kwe-thiamine.
Ukuthengiswa kwehashe
IHorsetail (i-Equisetum) inekhemikhali enokuthi itshabalalise i-thiamine esiswini, enokubangela ukusilela kwe-thiamine. Urhulumente waseCanada ufuna ukuba iimveliso eziqulethe i-equisetum ziqinisekiswe simahla kule khemikhali. Hlala kwicala elikhuselekileyo, kwaye ungasebenzisi i-horsetail ukuba usemngciphekweni wokunqongophala kwe-thiamine.
Ukutya okuqulathe ikhafeyini
Iikhemikhali ezenziwa kwikofu kunye neti ekuthiwa ziitannins zinokuphendula nge-thiamine, ziyiguqulele kwifom ekunzima ukuyithatha emzimbeni. Oku kungakhokelela ekuswelekeni kwe-thiamine. Into enomdla kukuba, ukusilela kwe-thiamine kufunyenwe kwiqela labantu abasemaphandleni eThailand abasela izixa ezikhulu zeti (> ilitha enye ngosuku) okanye bahlafuna amagqabi eti abilayo ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, le mpembelelo ayifumanekanga kubantu baseNtshona, nangona kusetyenziswa iti rhoqo.Abaphandi bacinga ukuba unxibelelwano phakathi kwekofu kunye neti kunye ne-thiamine ayinakubaluleka ngaphandle kokuba ukutya kuncinci kwi-thiamine okanye i-vitamin C. I-Vitamin C ibonakala ithintela unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-thiamine kunye neetannins kwikofu kunye neti.
Ukutya kwaselwandle
Iintlanzi zamanzi amdaka kunye neqokobhe ziqukethe imichiza etshabalalisa i-thiamine. Ukutya kakhulu iintlanzi eziluhlaza okanye i-shellfish kunokuba negalelo ekusweleni kwe-thiamine. Nangona kunjalo, iintlanzi eziphekiweyo kunye neentlanzi zaselwandle zilungile. Azinampembelelo kwi-thiamine, kuba ukupheka kutshabalalisa imichiza eyenzakalisa i-thiamine.
La machiza alandelayo afundwe kuphando lwezesayensi:

NGOMLOMO:
  • Ukusilela kwe-thiamine: Idosi yesiqhelo ye-thiamine yi-5-30 mg yonke imihla ngedosi enye okanye ngeedosi ezahlulwe inyanga enye. Umthamo oqhelekileyo wokusilela kakhulu unokufikelela kwi-300 mg ngosuku.
  • Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-cataractUkutya okutyiwa imihla ngemihla malunga ne-10 mg ye-thiamine kuye kwasetyenziswa.
  • Ukonzakala kwezintso kubantu abanesifo seswekile (isifo seswekile)Kusetyenziswe i-100 mg ye-thiamine kathathu mihla le kwiinyanga ezi-3.
  • Ukuxhuzula sexesheni (idysmenorrhea)I-100 mg ye-thiamine, iyodwa okanye kunye ne-500 mg yeoyile yeentlanzi, isetyenzisiwe mihla le ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezingama-90.
Njengokutya kokutya kubantu abadala, i-1-2 mg ye-thiamine ngosuku isetyenziswa rhoqo. Izibonelelo zokutya ezicetyiswayo zemihla ngemihla (RDAs) ze-thiamine zezi: Iintsana iinyanga ezi-0-6, i-0.2 mg; Iintsana iinyanga ezi-7-12, i-0.3 mg; abantwana 1-3 iminyaka, 0.5 mg; abantwana iminyaka 4-8, 0,6 mg; amakhwenkwe iminyaka eyi-9-13, i-0.9 mg; Amadoda aneminyaka eli-14 nangaphezulu ubudala, 1.2 mg; amantombazana iminyaka 9-13, 0,9 mg; abafazi iminyaka eli-14-18, 1 mg; abafazi abangaphezu kweminyaka eli-18, 1.1 mg; abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, 1.4 mg; kunye nabasetyhini abancancisayo, 1.5 mg.

NGOKUHLOLA:
  • Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okubangelwa ngamanqanaba asezantsi e-thiamine (I-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome): Ababoneleli ngezempilo banika izithonga eziqukethe i-5-200 mg ye-thiamine kanye yonke imihla kwiintsuku ezimbini.
Aneurine Hydrochloride, Antiberiberi Factor, Antiberiberi Vitamin, Antineuritic Factor, Antineuritic Vitamin, B Complex Vitamin, Chlorhydrate de Thiamine, Chlorure de Thiamine, Complexe de Vitamine B, Facteur Anti-béribéri, Facteur Antineuritique, Hydrochlorure derateamine, Hydrochlorure derateamine. Thiamine, Thiamine Chloride, Thiamine Disulfide, Thiamine HCl, Thiamine Hydrochloride, Thiamin Mononitrate, Thiamine Mononitrate, Thiamine Nitrate, Thiamine Pyrophosphate, Thiaminium Chloride Hydrochloride, Tiamina, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B-1, Vitamina B1, iAvitamini yeVithamini , IVithamini B1.

Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nokubhalwa kweli nqaku, nceda ubone Amayeza endalo aVimba weDatha indlela yokusebenza.


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  124. Wadstein, J., Manhem, P., Nilsson, L.H, Moberg, A. L., kunye noHokfelt, B. Clonidine xa kuthelekiswa ne-chlomethiazole ekurhoxiseni utywala. Acta Psychiatr. I-Scand Suppl 1986; 327: 144-148. Jonga i-abstract.
  125. UBalldin, uJ. Kunye noBokstrom, K. Unyango lweempawu zokuthintela utywala kunye ne-alpha 2-agonist clonidine. Acta Psychiatr. I-Scand Suppl 1986; 327: 131-143. Jonga i-abstract.
  126. I-Palsson, A. Ukusebenza kwamayeza e-chlormethiazole kwangoko kuthintelo lwe-tremens ye-delirium. Isifundo esibuyayo sesiphumo seendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lweziyobisi kwiiklinikhi zengqondo zaseHelsingborg, ngo-1975-1980. Acta Psychiatr. I-Scand Suppl 1986; 329: 140-145. Jonga i-abstract.
  127. IDrummond, L. M. kunye neChalmers, L. Ukumisela i-chlormethiazole yokunciphisa oorhulumente kwiklinikhi engxamisekileyo. Br J Umlutha. Ngo-1986; 81: 247-250. Jonga i-abstract.
  128. I-Baines, M., Bligh, J. G., kunye neMadden, J. S. Tissue amanqanaba e-thiamin ezinxila esibhedlele ngaphambi nasemva kweevithamini zomlomo okanye zabazali. Utywala kotywala 1988; 23: 49-52. Jonga i-abstract.
  129. I-Stojek, A., Bilikiewicz, A., kunye ne-Lerch, A. Carbamazepine kunye ne-physostigmine eyedrops kunyango lokurhoxisa utywala kwangoko kunye noxinzelelo olunxulumene notywala. Ingqondo yengqondo. Ngo-1987; 21: 369-375. Jonga i-abstract.
  130. UKoppi, S., Eberhardt, G., Haller, R., kunye noKonig, P. I-arhente yokuthintela ishaneli kunyango lokurhoxisa utywala kakhulu-i-caroverine xa ithelekiswa ne-meprobamate kwisifundo esingahleliwe. Neuropsychobiology 1987; 17 (1-2): 49-52. Jonga i-abstract.
  131. IBaumgartner, G. R. kunye neRowen, R. C. Clonidine vs chlordiazepoxide kulawulo lwesifo sokurhoxisa utywala. IArch Intern Med 1987; 147: 1223-1226. Jonga i-abstract.
  132. I-Tubridy, P. Alprazolam xa ithelekiswa ne-chlormethiazole ekurhoxiseni utywala ngamandla. Br J Umlutha. Ngo-1988; 83: 581-585. Jonga i-abstract.
  133. UMassman, uJ. E. kunye noTipton, D. M. Iimpawu kunye novavanyo lweempawu: isikhokelo sonyango lwesifo sokurhoxisa utywala. J Psychoactive iziyobisi 1988; 20: 443-444. Jonga i-abstract.
  134. IHosein, I.N., De, uFreitas R., kunye noBeaubrun, M.HI-Intramuscular / yomlomo i-lorazepam ekurhoxiseni utywala ngamandla kunye ne-incipient delirium tremens. I-Curr Med Res Opin. Ngo-1978; 5: 632-636. Jonga i-abstract.
  135. UFoy, A., Matshi, S., kunye noManzi okusela, V. Ukusetyenziswa kwenqanaba leklinikhi ekuvavanyeni nasekulawuleni ukurhoxiswa kotywala kwisibhedlele esikhulu ngokubanzi. Utywala lweeKlinikhi zotywala nge-1988; 12: 360-364. Jonga i-abstract.
  136. I-Adinoff, B., Bone, G.H, kunye neLinnoila, M. Acute ethanol ityhefu kunye nesifo sokurhoxisa isifo. IMed Toxicol yeziyobisi eziGwenxa kwi-1988; 3: 172-196. Jonga i-abstract.
  137. UCilip, M., Chelluri, L., Jastremski, M., kunye noBaily, R. Ukuqhubeka kokufakwa ngaphakathi kwe-sodium thiopental yokulawula ii-syndromes zokurhoxiswa kweziyobisi. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-1986; 13: 243-248. Jonga i-abstract.
  138. Blass, J. P., Gleason, P., Brush, D., DiPonte, P., kunye noThaler, H. Thiamine kunye nesifo sika-Alzheimer's. Isifundo sokuqhuba. IArch Neurol. Ngo-1988; 45: 833-835. Jonga i-abstract.
  139. UBonnet, F., Bilaine, J., Lhoste, F., Mankikian, B., Kerdelhue, B., noRapin, M. unyango lweNaloxone lokothuka kwabantu. Unonophelo lweCrit Med 1985; 13: 972-975. Jonga i-abstract.
  140. Levin, E. R., Sharp, B., Drayer, J. I., kunye noWeber, M. A.Uxinzelelo lwegazi olunamandla olubangelwa yi-naloxone. NdinguJ Med Sci 1985; 290: 70-72. Jonga i-abstract.
  141. IPoutanen, P. Amava e-carbamazepine kunyango lweempawu zokurhoxa kubaxhaphazi botywala. Br J Umlutha woTywala ezinye iziyobisi 1979; 74: 201-204. Jonga i-abstract.
  142. Horwitz, R. I., Gottlieb, L. D., kunye noKraus, M. L. Ukusebenza kwe-atenolol kulawulo lwangaphandle lwesifo sokurhoxa kotywala. Iziphumo zolingo lwezonyango olungenamsebenzi. IArch Intern Med 1989; 149: 1089-1093. Jonga i-abstract.
  143. ILichtigfeld, F. J. kunye noGillman, M. A. Analgesic nitrous oxide yokurhoxa utywala ibhetele kune-placebo. Int J Neurosci. Ngo-1989; 49 (1-2): 71-74. Jonga i-abstract.

  144. UZittoun, J. [Macrocytic anemia]. UMfu Prat. I-10-21-1989; 39: 2133-2137.

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  145. Seifert, B., Wagler, P., Dartsch, S., Schmidt, U., kunye noNieder, J. [Magnesium- enye indlela entsha yonyango kwi-dysmenorrhea ephambili]. Zentralbl. IGynakol. Ngo-1989; 111: 755-760. Jonga i-abstract.
  146. URadouco-Thomas, S., Garcin, F., Guay, D., Marquis, PA, Chabot, F., Huot, J., Chawla, S., Ihlathi, JC, Martin, S., Stewart, G., kwaye. Uphononongo oluyimfama kabini ngokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwe-tetrabamate kunye ne-chlordiazepoxide kunyango lwe-acute alcohol. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. I-Biol Psychiatry 1989; 13 (1-2): 55-75. Jonga i-abstract.
  147. I-Lichtigfeld, iF. J. kunye noGillman, M. A. Iziphumo ze-placebo kwimeko yokurhoxa etywaleni. Utywala kotywala 1989; 24: 109-112. Jonga i-abstract.
  148. Malcolm, R., Ballenger, J. C., Sturgis, E.T, kunye no-Anton, R. Uvavanyo olulawulwa yimfama kabini ngokuthelekisa i-carbamazepine kunyango lwe-oxazepam lokurhoxiswa kotywala. NdinguJ J Psychiatry 1989; 146: 617-621. Jonga i-abstract.
  149. URobinson, B. J., Robinson, G. M., Maling, T., noJohnson, R. H. Ngaba i-clonidine iluncedo kunyango lokurhoxiswa kotywala? Utywala lweeNkcazo zoTywala nge-1989; 13: 95-98. Jonga i-abstract.
  150. U-Daynes, G. Ulawulo lokuqala lotywala usebenzisa ioksijini kunye ne-nitrous oxide: isifundo senkcubeko. Int J Neurosci. Ngo-1989; 49 (1-2): 83-86. Jonga i-abstract.
  151. UCushman, P., Jr. kunye nabaSowers, uJ. R. Isifo sokurhoxisa utywala: iimpendulo zeklinikhi kunye nehomoni kunyango lwe-alpha 2-adrenergic agonist. Utywala lweeNkcazo zoTywala nge-1989; 13: 361-364. Jonga i-abstract.

  152. Borgna-Pignatti, C., Marradi, P., Pinelli, L., Monetti, N., kunye noPatrini, C. Thiamine-ephendula i-anemia kwi-DIDMOAD syndrome. J uPediatr 1989; 114: 405-410.

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  153. USaris, W. H., Schrijver, J., van Erp Baart, M. A., kunye noBrouns, F. Ukwanela kokubonelelwa ngeevithamini phantsi kwemithwalo yemisebenzi emikhulu: iTour de France. I-Int J Vitam yeNutr Res Suppl 1989; 30: 205-212. Jonga i-abstract.
  154. U-Eckart, J., Neeser, G., Wengert, P., kunye no-Adolph, M. [Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengxaki zesondlo sabazali]. Ukufakwa kweherferi. Ngo-1989; 16: 204-213. Jonga i-abstract.
  155. IHillbom, M., Tokola, R., Kuusela, V., Karkkainen, P., Kalli-Lemma, L., Pilke, A., kunye noKaste, M. Uthintelo lokubanjwa kotywala kunye ne-carbamazepine kunye ne-valproic acid. Utywala 1989; 6: 223-226. Jonga i-abstract.
  156. I-Lima, L. F., Leite, H. P., kunye neTaddei, J. A. Igazi eliphantsi le-thiamine egxile kubantwana ekungenisweni kwabo kwicandelo lezonyango: izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokubaluleka kokuxela kwangaphambili. NdinguJ J Clin Nutriti 2011; 93: 57-61. Jonga i-abstract.
  157. Smit, A. J. kunye noGerrits, E. G. Skin autofluorescence njengenyathelo le-advanced glycation endproduct deposition: inqaku lomngcipheko wenqaku kwisifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo. I-Curr Opin uNephrol. IiHypertens. Ngo-2010; 19: 527-533. Jonga i-abstract.
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  160. UFunderburk, F. R., Allen, R. P., kunye noWagman, A. M. Iziphumo ezishiyekileyo zonyango lwe-ethanol kunye ne-chlordiazepoxide yokurhoxisa utywala. UJ Nerv Ment. Dis 1978; 166: 195-203. Jonga i-abstract.

  161. U-Cho, S.H no-Whang, W. W. Ukuchongwa kwamachaphaza okuphazamiseka kwitemporomandibular: uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo. J Orofac. Intlungu 2010; 24: 152-162.

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  163. U-Avenell, A. no-Handoll, H. H. Ukutya okunezondlo ekuqhekekeni kwesinqe emva kokunyamekela abantu abadala. Isiseko sedatha yeCochrane Syst Rev 2010;: CD001880. Jonga i-abstract.
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  166. UBergmann, AK, Sahai, I., Falcone, JF, Fleming, J., Bagg, A., Borgna-Pignati, C., Casey, R., Fabris, L., Hexner, E., Mathews, L., U-F. URibeiro, ML, Wierenga, KJ, kunye neNeufeld, u-EJ Thiamine-ophendula i-megaloblastic anemia: ukuchongwa kwenoveli ye-heterozygotes yenoveli kunye nohlaziyo lwenguquko. J Isidlangalala 2009; 155: 888-892.

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  167. Borgna-Pignatti, C., Azzalli, M., kunye noPedretti, S. Thiamine-ephendula nge-megaloblastic anemia syndrome: ukulandelelana kwexesha elide. J Isidlangalala 2009; 155: 295-297.

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  168. I-Bettendorff, i-L. kunye ne-Wins, i-P. Thiamin diphosphate kwi-chemistry ye-biological: iinkalo ezintsha ze-thiamin metabolism, ngakumbi i-triphosphate derivatives esebenza ngaphandle kwe-cofactors IINKCUKACHA J 2009; 276: 2917-2925. Jonga i-abstract.
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  171. UGanesh, R., Ezhilarasi, S., Vasanthi, T., Gowrishankar, K., kunye noRajajee, S. Thiamine ophendulayo kwi-megaloblastic anemia syndrome. UmIndiya uJ Pediatr 2009; 76: 313-314.

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  185. UAvenell, A. kunye noHandoll, H.H.Ukutya okunesondlo kokuqhekeka kwe-hip emva kononophelo kubantu abadala. Isiseko sedatha yeCchrane Sy Rev Rev 2006;: CD001880. Jonga i-abstract.
  186. UMezadri, T., uFernandez-Pachon, M. S., Villano, D., Garcia-Parrilla, M.C, kunye noTroncoso, A. M.[Isiqhamo se-acerola: ukwakheka, iimpawu ezivelayo kunye nokubaluleka kwezoqoqosho]. IArch Latinoam Inutr 2006; 56: 101-109. Jonga i-abstract.
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  202. I-Lorber, A., iGazit, A. Z., Khoury, A., Schwartz, Y., kunye noMandel, H. Cardiac ezibonakalisayo kwi-thiamine-ephendula i-megaloblastic anemia syndrome. Umntwana weCardiol. Ngo-2003; 24: 476-481.

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  212. I-ECKENHOFF, i-E. Kunye ne-OECH, S. R. Iziphumo zokuchasana neziyobisi kunye nabachasi ekuphefumlweni nasekujikelezeni komntu. Uphengululo. KwiKlinikhi ye-Pharmacol Ther 1960; 1: 483-524. Jonga i-abstract.
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  215. IHelphingstine, uC. J. kunye neBistrian, B. R. Iimfuno ezintsha zoLawulo lokutya kunye noLawulo lweziyobisi ukuze kubandakanywe ivithamini K kwii-multivitamini zabantu abadala. JPEN J Umzali. Isondlo sangaphakathi 2003; 27: 220-224. Jonga i-abstract.
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  218. UMahoney, D. J., Parise, G., kunye noTarnopolsky, M. A. Isondlo kunye nokunyanga okusekwe kwimithambo kunyango lwesifo se-mitochondrial. ICurr Opin yeKlinikhi yokuNakekelwa kweMetab ngo-2002; 5: 619-629. Jonga i-abstract.

  219. UFleming, M. D. Imfuza ye-sideroblastic anemias eyindlalifa. Isemina iHematol. Ngo-2002; 39: 270-281.

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  220. de, Lonlay P., Fenneteau, O., Touati, G., Mignot, C., Billette, de, V, Rabier, D., Blanche, S., Ogier de, Baulny H., kunye noSaudubray, JM [Hematologic ukubonakaliswa kweempazamo ezizelwe kwimetabolism]. IArch Pediatr 2002; 9: 822-835.

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  221. I-Thornalley, P. J. Glycation kwisifo seswekile se-neuropathy: iimpawu, iziphumo, oonobangela, kunye nokhetho lonyango. Int Rev Neurobiol. Ngo-2002; 50: 37-57. Jonga i-abstract.

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  228. UNeufeld, E. J., Fleming, J. C., Tartaglini, E., noSteinkamp, ​​M. P. Thiamine-ephendula i-megaloblastic anemia syndrome: ukuphazamiseka kwezothutho oluphezulu lwe-thiamine. Iiseli zegazi Mol. Dis 2001; 27: 135-138.

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  229. Ambrose, M. L., Bowden, S. C., kunye noWhelan, G. unyango lweThiamin kunye nokusebenza kwememori yokusebenza kwabantu abaxhomekeke etywaleni: iziphumo zokuqala. Iklinikhi yotywala Ingcaciso. 2001; 25: 112-116. Jonga i-abstract.
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