Ilevorphanol

Umxholo

• Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-levorphanol,
• I-Levorphanol inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba ezinye zeempawu zinzima okanye azihambi:
• Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuba nzulu. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu okanye ezo zidweliswe kumacandelo ESILUMKISO ESIBALULEKILEYO okanye AMANYATHELO AKHETHEKILEYO, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko okanye ufumane unyango olungxamisekileyo.
• Iimpawu libanda kungaquka oku kulandelayo:

I-Levorphanol inokuba ngumkhwa wokwenza, ngakumbi ngokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide. Thatha i-levorphanol ngokuchanekileyo njengoko kuyalelwe. Sukuyithatha ngaphezulu, yithathe rhoqo, okanye uthathe ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunokuba uyalelwe ngugqirha. Ngelixa uthatha i-levorphanol, xoxa kunye nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngeenjongo zonyango lwakho lweentlungu, ubude bonyango, kunye nezinye iindlela zokulawula iintlungu zakho. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu kusapho lwakho uyasela okanye wakha wasela izixa ezikhulu zotywala, wasebenzisa okanye wakha wasebenzisa iziyobisi ezitalatweni, uye wagqithisa, okanye wasebenzisa kakhulu amayeza kagqirha, okanye ukuba ukhe wanengxaki yoxinzelelo okanye omnye isigulo sengqondo. Kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuba uya kuyisebenzisa gwenxa i-levorphanol ukuba unayo okanye wakha wanayo nayiphi na kwezi meko. Thetha nomboneleli wakho wezempilo ngokukhawuleza kwaye ucele isikhokelo ukuba ucinga ukuba une-opioid okanye ungatsalela umnxeba i-U.S. Iziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo (SAMHSA) kwiNombolo yoNcedo yeSizwe e-1-800-662-HELP.

I-Levorphanol inokubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla ezinzulu okanye ezisongela ubomi, ngakumbi kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-72 zonyango lwakho kwaye naliphi na ixesha elonyukayo. Ugqirha wakho uya kukujonga ngononophelo ngexesha lonyango lwakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kulungelelanisa idosi yakho ngononophelo ukulawula iintlungu kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba uza kuba neengxaki zokuphefumla. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhe wakha wanciphisa ukuphefumla okanye isifuba. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba ungathathi i-levorphanol. Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unesifo semiphunga esifana nesingapheliyo sokuphazamiseka kwemiphunga (COPD; iqela lezifo zemiphunga ezibandakanya i-bronchitis engapheliyo kunye ne-emphysema), ukwenzakala entloko, ithumba lobuchopho, okanye nayiphi na imeko eyonyusa inani uxinzelelo kwingqondo yakho. Umngcipheko wokuba ube neengxaki zokuphefumla unokuba ngaphezulu ukuba umdala okanye ubuthathaka okanye ungondleki ngenxa yesifo. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko okanye ufumane unyango lonyango: ukuphefumla okucothayo, ikhefu elide phakathi kokuphefumla, okanye ukuphefumla kancinci.

Ukuthatha amanye amayeza ngexesha lokunyanga nge-levorphanol kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba uza kuba neengxaki zokuphefumla okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinobungozi, zokuphefumla, ezisongela ubomi, okanye eze-coma. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba uthatha okanye uceba ukuthatha nawaphi na amayeza alandelayo: i-benzodiazepines efana ne-alprazolam (Xanax), diazepam (Diastat, Valium), estazolam, flurazepam, lorazepam (Ativan), kunye netriazolam (Halcion); ezinye iyeza zentlungu; amayeza okugula ngengqondo okanye isicaphucaphu; izihlunu ezonwabisayo; ukuthomalalisa; iipilisi zokulala; okanye izinto ezizolisayo. Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukutshintsha iidosi zamayeza akho kwaye uza kukujonga ngononophelo. Ukuba uthatha i-levorphanol ngalo naliphi na kula mayeza kwaye uphuhlisa naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko okanye ufune unyango olukhawulezileyo kwangoko: isiyezi esingaqhelekanga, ubukhaphukhaphu, ukulala kakhulu, ukucothisa okanye ukuphefumla nzima, okanye ukungaphenduli. Qiniseka ukuba umnakekeli wakho okanye amalungu osapho ayazi ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezinokubanzima ukuze babize ugqirha okanye ukhathalelo lonyango olungxamisekileyo ukuba awukwazi ukuzifunela unyango wedwa.

Ukusela utywala, ukuthatha amayeza kagqirha okanye ongabhalisiyo aqukethe utywala, okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezitalatweni ngexesha lonyango nge-levorphanol kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba uza kuba neengxaki zokuphefumla okanye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi. Musa ukusela utywala, thatha nawaphi na amayeza kagqirha okanye ongabhalisi aqukethe utywala, okanye usebenzise iziyobisi ezitalatweni ngexesha lonyango kunye nezinye iimveliso ze-levorphanol.

Musa ukuvumela nabani na ongomnye ukuba athathe amayeza akho. I-Levorphanol inokwenzakalisa okanye ibangele ukufa kwabanye abantu abathatha amayeza akho, ngakumbi abantwana. Gcina i-levorphanol kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ukuze kungabikho namnye onokuyithatha ngengozi okanye ngenjongo. Lumka ngakumbi ukugcina i-levorphanol kude nabantwana. Gcina umkhondo wokuba zingaphi iipilisi ezishiyekileyo ukuze wazi ukuba akukho naliphi na iyeza elilahlekileyo. Lahla naziphi na iipilisi ze-levorphanol ezingafunekiyo ngokufanelekileyo ngokwemiyalelo. (Jonga UKUGCINWA NOKULAHLWA.)

Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhulelwe okanye ucwangcise ukukhulelwa. Ukuba uthatha i-levorphanol rhoqo xa ukhulelwe, umntwana wakho unokuba neempawu ezisongela ubomi emva kokuzalwa. Xelela ugqirha wosana lwakho ngoko nangoko ukuba umntwana wakho unazo naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo: ukucaphuka, ukuxhalaba, ukulala ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ukukhala okuphezulu, ukungcangcazela okungalawulekiyo kwenxalenye yomzimba, ukugabha, urhudo, okanye ukusilela ukutyeba.

Ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti uya kukunika uxwebhu lolwazi lwesigulana lomenzi (Isikhokelo seMithi) xa uqala unyango nge-levorphanol kwaye ngalo lonke ixesha ugcwalisa amayeza akho. Funda ulwazi ngononophelo kwaye ubuze ugqirha okanye usokhemesti ukuba unayo nayiphi na imibuzo. Ungandwendwela noLawulo lwezoKutya noLawulo lweziyobisi (FDA) iwebhusayithi (http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm085729.htm) okanye iwebhusayithi yomenzi ukufumana isiKhokelo seMithi.

I-Levorphanol isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iintlungu ezibukhali. I-Levorphanol ikwiklasi yamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-opiate (narcotic) analgesics. Isebenza ngokutshintsha indlela ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yovalo ephendula ngayo kwintlungu.

I-Levorphanol iza njengecwecwe lokuthatha ngomlomo. Ihlala ithathwa qho kwiiyure ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-8 xa kufuneka njalo. Landela izikhokelo kwileyibhile yakho yonyango ngononophelo, kwaye ubuze ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ukuba achaze nayiphi na indawo ongayiqondiyo. Thatha i-levorphanol ngokuchanekileyo njengoko kuyalelwe.

Ugqirha wakho unokukuqala ngedosi ephantsi ye-levorphanol kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe uyonyuse umthamo wakho de kube kulawulwa iintlungu. Ugqirha wakho unokuhlengahlengisa idosi yakho nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lonyango lwakho ukuba iintlungu zakho azilawulwa. Ukuba uziva ukuba iintlungu azilawulwa, biza ugqirha wakho. Sukutshintsha idosi yonyango ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho.

Sukuyeka ukuthatha i-levorphanol ungakhange uthethe nogqirha wakho. Ugqirha wakho unokunciphisa umthamo wakho ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuba uyeka ngequbuliso ukuthatha i-levorphanol, unokufumana iimpawu zokurhoxa njengokungazinzi; amehlo aneenyembezi; impumlo enemifinya; ukuzamla; ukucaphuka; ixhala; ukubila; ubunzima bokulala okanye ukulala; Ukugodola; umqolo, umsipha, okanye iintlungu ezidibeneyo; isicaphucaphu; ukugabha; ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya; urhudo; isisu esiswini; ubuthathaka; ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza; okanye ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.

La mayeza ngamanye amaxesha amiselweyo kwezinye izinto; buza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti ngolwazi oluthe kratya.

Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-levorphanol,

• xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nosokhemisti ukuba ngaba uxabana ne-levorphanol, nawaphi na amanye amayeza, okanye naziphi na izinto ezingasebenziyo kwiipilisi ze-levorphanol. Buza usokhemesti wakho okanye ujonge isiKhokelo seyeza ukuze ufumane uluhlu lwezinto ezingasebenziyo.
• xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nosokhemesti ukuba yeyiphi na amayeza kagqirha kunye nalawo angabhaliswanga, iivithamini, izongezo zesondlo, kunye nemveliso yamayeza owathathayo okanye oceba ukuyithatha. Qiniseka ngokukhankanya amayeza adweliswe kwicandelo LESILUMKISO ESIBALULEKILEYO kunye nezinye izinto ezilandelayo: buprenorphine (Belbuca, Butrans, eSuboxone, abanye); ifomoranol; amayeza ukukhwehlela, ukubanda, okanye i-aleji; umchamo ('iipilisi zamanzi'); amayeza e-migraine iintloko ezinje nge-almotriptan (Axert), eletriptan (Relpax), frovatriptan (Frova), naratriptan (Amerge), rizatriptan (Maxalt), sumatriptan (Imitrex, eTreximet), kunye ne-zolmitriptan (iZomig); i-mirtazapine (iRemeron); nalbuphine; naloxone (Evzio, Narcan); ipentazocine (Talwin); 5HT₃ i-serotonin blockers ezinje ngealosetron (Lotronex), dolasetron (Anzemet), granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran, Zuplenz), okanye palonosetron (Aloxi); i-inhibitors ekhethiweyo ye-serotonin-reuptake inhibitors enjenge citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem, in Symbyax), fluvoxamine (Luvox), paroxetine (Brisdelle, Prozac, Pexeva), kunye sertraline (Zoloft); i-serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors enje nge-desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq), duloxetine (Cymbalta), milnacipran (Savella), kunye ne-venlafaxine (Effexor); tramadol (Conzip, Ultram, kwi-Ultracet); Itrazodone (Oleptro); okanye i-tricyclic antidepressants (’mood elevators’) ezinje ngeamitriptyline, clomipramine (Anafranil), desipramine (Norpramin), doxepin (Silenor), imipramine (Tofranil), nortriptyline (Pamelor), protriptyline (Vivactiline), kunye neTrimipramine. Xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba uthatha nayiphi na inhibitors ye-monoamine oxidase (MAO) elandelayo, okanye ukuba uyekile ukuzithatha kwiiveki ezi-2 ezidlulileyo: isocarboxazid (Marplan), linezolid (Zyvox), methylene blue, phenelzine (Nardil), i-selegiline (i-Eldepryl, i-Emsam, iZelapar), kunye ne-tranylcypromine (iParnate). Uninzi lwamanye amayeza anokusebenzisana ne-levophanol, ke qiniseka ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza owathathayo, nkqu nalawo angaveli kolu luhlu. Ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukutshintsha amayeza akho okanye akubeke esweni ngononophelo kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhe wakha wanayo nayiphi na imiqathango ekhankanywe kwicandelo LESILUMKISO ESIBALULEKILEYO, ukuvaleka esiswini sakho okanye emathunjini, okanye ileus ekhubazekileyo (imeko apho ukutya okwetyisiweyo kungahambeli emathunjini). Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela ukuba ungathathi i-levorphanol.
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhe wanalo uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, ukuxhuzula, iingxaki zomchamo, iingxaki zenyongo, okanye isibindi, ipancreas, izintso, umphunga, idlala lengqula, okanye isifo sentliziyo.
• xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba uncelisa. Ukuba uncancisa ngexesha lonyango lwakho nge-levorphanol, umntwana wakho unokufumana i-levorphanol ethile kubisi lwebele.Jonga umntwana wakho ngokusondeleyo kulo naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela oziphethe ngayo okanye xa uphefumla, ngakumbi xa uqala ukuthatha i-levorphanol. Ukuba umntwana wakho uvelisa naziphi na kwezi mpawu, biza ugqirha wosana lwakho kwangoko okanye ufumane uncedo lonyango olungxamisekileyo: ukulala okungaqhelekanga, ubunzima bokuncancisa, ukuphefumla nzima, okanye ukuqhwalela. Thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho xa sele ukulungele ukulumla umntwana wakho. Kuya kufuneka ulumle usana lwakho ngokuthe ngcembe ukuze umntwana wakho angabinazo iimpawu zokurhoxa xa eyeka ukufumana i-levorphanol ebeleni.
• Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba eli yeza linciphisa ukuchuma emadodeni nakwabasetyhini. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neengozi zokuthatha i-levorphanol.
• ukuba wenza utyando, kubandakanya utyando lwamazinyo, xelela ugqirha okanye ugqirha wamazinyo ukuba uthatha i-levorphanol.
• Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba levorphanol inokukwenza wozele. Musa ukuqhuba imoto okanye usebenzise oomatshini de ube uyazi indlela elikuchaphazela ngayo eli yeza.
• Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba i-levorphanol inokubangela ukuba nesiyezi, ukuba sentloko, kunye nokuphelelwa ngamandla xa usukuma ngokukhawuleza kwindawo olele kuyo. Ukuthintela le ngxaki, phuma kancinci ebhedini, uphumle iinyawo zakho phantsi imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokuba ume.
• Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba i-levorphanol inokubangela ukuqhina. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokutshintsha indlela otya ngayo okanye ukusebenzisa amanye amayeza ukuthintela okanye ukunyanga ukuqhina ngelixa uthatha i-levorphanol.

I-Levorphanol ihlala ithathwa njengoko kufuneka. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba uthathe i-levorphanol rhoqo, thatha idosi ephosiweyo kwakamsinya nje emva kokuba uyikhumbule. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba phantse lixesha ledosi elandelayo, tsiba idosi ephosiweyo kwaye uqhubeke neshedyuli yakho yethamo eqhelekileyo. Sukuthatha idosi ephindwe kabini ukwenza eyilahlekileyo.

I-Levorphanol inokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Tshela ugqirha wakho ukuba ngaba ezinye zeempawu zinzima okanye azihambi:

• isilungulela
• intloko ebuhlungu
• isisu esibuhlungu
• umlomo owomileyo
• ukubila
• iingxaki zombono
• ubunzima bokuchama

Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokuba nzulu. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu okanye ezo zidweliswe kumacandelo ESILUMKISO ESIBALULEKILEYO okanye AMANYATHELO AKHETHEKILEYO, tsalela umnxeba kwangoko okanye ufumane unyango olungxamisekileyo.

• isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, ukungabi namdla wokutya, ukuba buthathaka okanye isiyezi
• Ukuphazamiseka, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo (ukubona izinto okanye ukuva amazwi angekhoyo), umkhuhlane, ukubila, ukudideka, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, ukungcangcazela, ukuqina kwemisipha okanye ukujijeka, ukulahleka kokulungelelaniswa, isicaphucaphu, ukugabha okanye urhudo
• ukungakwazi ukufumana okanye ukugcina ulwakhiwo
• ukuya exesheni ngokungaqhelekanga
• ukunciphisa umnqweno wesondo
• urhwebo
• irhashalala
• ukurhawuzelela
• ukudumba kwamehlo, ubuso, umlomo, imilebe okanye umqala
• ukudinwa
• ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukugwinya
• utshintsho kwintliziyo

I-Levorphanol inokubangela ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Biza ugqirha wakho ukuba unengxaki engaqhelekanga ngelixa uthatha eli yeza.

Ukuba uhlangabezana neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimandundu, wena okanye ugqirha wakho ungathumela ingxelo kwiNkqubo yoKutya kunye nezoLawulo (i-FDA) yeMedWatch yeNkqubo yokuNgxelo ngezeMeko eziGwenxa kwi-Intanethi (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) okanye ngomnxeba ( 1-800-332-1088).

Gcina eli yeza kwisikhongozeli lifikile, livalekile, kwaye alifumaneki ebantwaneni. Yigcine kubushushu begumbi kwaye kude nobushushu obuninzi kunye nokufuma (hayi kwigumbi lokuhlambela). Gungxula naziphi na iipilisi ze-levorphanol eziphelelwe lixesha okanye ezingasafunekiyo kwindlu yangasese ukuze abanye bangazithathi. Thetha kumachiza wakho malunga nokulahla ngokufanelekileyo amayeza akho.

Kubalulekile ukugcina onke amayeza ngaphandle kwamehlo kunye nokufikelela kwabantwana njengezikhongozeli ezininzi (ezinje ngeeveki zeepilisi zeveki kunye nezo zamehlo, iikhrim, iipatches, kunye ne-inhalers) azinyangeki kwaye abantwana abancinci banokuzivula ngokulula. Ukukhusela abantwana abancinci kwiityhefu, soloko ukhiya iminqwazi yokhuseleko kwaye ubeke amayeza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo-leyo iphakame kwaye iphakame kwaye ingabonakali kubo kwaye ifikelele kuyo. http://www.upandaway.org

Kwimeko yokugqithisa, fowunela umnxeba wolawulo lwetyhefu kwi-1-800-222-1222. Ulwazi lukwafumaneka kwi-Intanethi kwi-https: //www.poisonhelp.org/help. Ukuba ixhoba liye lawa, laxhuzula, linengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye alikwazi ukuvuswa, ngoko nangoko lifowunele iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngo-911.

Ngelixa uthatha i-levorphanol, kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga neyeza lokuhlangula elibizwa ngokuba yi-naloxone ngokulula (umzekelo, ikhaya, iofisi). I-Naloxone isetyenziselwa ukuguqula iziphumo ezisongela ubomi kwi-overdose. Isebenza ngokuthintela iziphumo ze-opiates ukunciphisa iimpawu ezinobungozi ezibangelwa ngamanqanaba aphezulu ee-opiates egazini. Ugqirha wakho unokukuyalela i-naloxone ukuba uhlala kwikhaya apho kukho abantwana abancinci okanye umntu osebenzise gwenxa isitalato okanye amayeza amiselweyo. Kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba wena kunye namalungu osapho lwakho, abakhathaleli, okanye abantu abachitha ixesha kunye nawe bayayazi indlela yokwazi ukuba libanda, indlela yokusebenzisa naloxone, kunye nento onokuyenza de kufike uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo. Ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemesti uza kukubonisa kunye namalungu osapho lwakho ukuba ulisebenzisa njani eliyeza. Buza usokhemesti wakho ngemiyalelo okanye undwendwele iwebhusayithi yomenzi ukuze ufumane imiyalelo. Ukuba iimpawu zokudlula ngaphezulu zenzeka, umhlobo okanye ilungu losapho kufuneka linike idosi yokuqala ye-naloxone, fowunela i-911 kwangoko, kwaye uhlale nawe kwaye ujonge kufutshane kude kufike uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo. Iimpawu zakho zinokubuya emva kwemizuzu embalwa emva kokuba ufumane i-naloxone. Ukuba iimpawu zakho zibuya, umntu lowo kufuneka akunike enye idosi ye-naloxone. Amanqanaba ongezelelweyo anokunikwa yonke imizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwemi-3, ukuba iimpawu ziyabuya ngaphambi kokuba uncedo lonyango lufike.

Iimpawu libanda kungaquka oku kulandelayo:

• ukuphefumla okucothayo, okungekho nzulu, okanye okungaqhelekanga
• ubunzima bokuphefumla
• ukozela
• andikwazi kuphendula okanye ukuvuka
• izihlunu eziqhwalelayo
• Kuyabanda, ulusu olunombala
• abafundi abancinci
• ukungaboni kakuhle
• ukubetha kwentliziyo kancinci
• ukurhona okungaqhelekanga

Gcina lonke ixesha lokudibana nogqirha wakho kunye nelabhoratri. Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile zebhu ukujonga impendulo yomzimba wakho kwi-levorphanol.

Ngaphambi kokuba uvavanywe elebhu (ngakumbi ezo zibandakanya imethylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), xelela ugqirha wakho kunye nabasebenzi baselebhu ukuba uthatha levorphanol.

Lo myalelo awugcwaliseki. Ukuba uthatha i-levorphanol yokulawula iintlungu zakho ixesha elide, qiniseka ukuba ucwangcise ixesha lokudibana nogqirha wakho ukuze ungaphelelwa ngamayeza. Ukuba uqhubeka unentlungu emva kokuba ugqibile ukumisela iyevorphanol, fowunela ugqirha wakho.

Kubalulekile ukuba ugcine uluhlu olubhaliweyo lwawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinjengeevithamini, iiminerali, okanye ezinye izongezo zokutya. Kuya kufuneka uze nolu luhlu qho xa undwendwela ugqirha okanye ungeniswe esibhedlele. Kukwabalulekile ulwazi ukuba uphathe nawe xa kukho imeko kaxakeka.

• ILevo-Dromoran^®¶

^¶ Le mveliso inophawu akusekho kwimarike. Ezinye iindlela ezinokubakho zinokubakho.