I-Actinic Keratosis

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela i-actinic keratosis?
• Ziintoni iimpawu ze-actinic keratosis?
• Ufumaneka njani kwi-actinic keratosis?
• I-actinic keratosis iphathwa njani?
• Ukuxhamla
• Ucoceko
• ICryotherapy
• Unyango lwezihloko zonyango
• Ifotootherapy
• Unokuthintela njani i-actinic keratosis?

Yintoni i-actinic keratosis?

Njengoko usiya ukhula, ungaqala ukuqaphela amabala arhabaxa, anamaxolo avela ezandleni zakho, ezingalweni, okanye ebusweni. La mabala abizwa ngokuba yi-actinic keratoses, kodwa aziwa njengeendawo zokutshiswa lilanga okanye amabala obudala.

I-Actinic keratoses zihlala zikhula kwiindawo ezonakaliswe yiminyaka yokukhanya kwelanga. Zenzeka xa une-actinic keratosis (AK), imeko yesikhumba exhaphake kakhulu.

I-AK yenzeka xa iiseli zolusu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-keratinocytes ziqala ukukhula ngokungaqhelekanga, zisenza amaxolo, amabala atshileyo. Amabala esikhumba anokuba yiyo nayiphi na le mibala:

• ntsundu
• tan
• ngwevu
• pinki

Zivame ukuvela kumalungu omzimba afumana elona thuba lilanga, kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• izandla
• iingalo
• ubuso
• ulusu
• intamo

I-Actinic keratoses ayinomdlavuza ngokwabo. Nangona kunjalo, banako ukuqhubela phambili kwi-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), nangona amathuba aphantsi.

Xa zingashiywanga zinganyangwa, ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ze-actinic keratoses zinokuqhubela phambili kwi-SCC. I-SCC lolona hlobo lwesibini luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wolusu. Ngenxa yalo mngcipheko, amabala kufuneka abekwe esweni rhoqo ngugqirha wakho okanye ngugqirha wesikhumba. Nantsi eminye imifanekiso ye-SCC kwaye loluphi utshintsho onokulujonga.

Yintoni ebangela i-actinic keratosis?

I-AK ikakhulu ibangelwa kukuvezwa lilanga ixesha elide. Unomngcipheko ophezulu wokuphuhlisa le meko ukuba:

• bangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala
• zinolusu olukhanyayo kunye namehlo aluhlaza
• banomdla wokutshiswa lilanga ngokulula
• Unembali yokutshiswa lilanga ngaphambili ebomini
• usoloko uchanabeke elangeni ngaphezulu kobomi bakho
• intsholongwane ye-papilloma virus (HPV)

Ziintoni iimpawu ze-actinic keratosis?

I-keratoses ye-Actinic iqala njengobunzima, i-scaly, i-crusty skin patches. Ezi patches zihlala zilingana nobukhulu bephepha elincinci lokusula ipensile. Kunokubakho ukurhawuzelela okanye ukutshisa kwindawo echaphazelekayo.

Ixesha elingaphezulu, izilonda zinokuthi shwaka, zikhulise, zihlale zinjalo, okanye zikhule zibe yiSCC. Akukho ndlela yokwazi ukuba zeziphi izilonda ezinokuba ngumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uhlalutye amabala akho ngugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba uqaphele naluphi na olu tshintsho lulandelayo:

• ukuqina kwesilonda
• ukudumba
• ukwandiswa ngokukhawuleza
• ukopha
• bomvu
• izilonda

Musa ukothuka ukuba kukho utshintsho lomhlaza. I-SCC kulula ukuyiqonda kwaye inyange kwinqanaba layo lokuqala.

Ufumaneka njani kwi-actinic keratosis?

Ugqirha wakho unokukwazi ukufumanisa i-AK ngokuyijonga nje. Banokufuna ukuthatha i-biopsy yolusu lwazo naziphi na izilonda ezibonakala ngathi ziyakrokra. I-biopsy yolusu kuphela kwendlela engenangqondo yokuxela ukuba izilonda zitshintshile zaba yi-SCC.

I-actinic keratosis iphathwa njani?

I-AK inokunyangwa ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:

Ukuxhamla

Ukucocwa kubandakanya ukusika isilonda eluswini. Ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ukususa izicubu ezongezelelweyo ngeenxa zonke okanye phantsi kwesilonda ukuba kukho iinkxalabo malunga nomhlaza wolusu. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bokubanjwa, iziqu zinokuthi okanye zingafuneki.

Ucoceko

Kwi-cauterization, isilonda sitshiswa ngombane. Oku kubulala iiseli zolusu ezichaphazelekayo.

ICryotherapy

I-Cryotherapy, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-cryosurgery, luhlobo lonyango apho isilonda sifafazwa khona ngesisombululo se-cryosurgery, njenge-nitrogen engamanzi. Oku kubamba iiseli xa zinxibelelana kwaye kubabulale. Isilonda siya kukhwela ngaphezulu kwaye siwe ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva kwenkqubo.

Unyango lwezihloko zonyango

Olunye unyango lwezihloko ezifana ne-5-fluorouracil (iCarac, i-Efudex, iFluoroplex, iTolak) ibangela ukudumba kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwezilonda. Olunye unyango lwezihloko lubandakanya imiquimod (Aldara, Zyclara) kunye ne- ingenol mebutate (iPicato).

Ifotootherapy

• Ngexesha lephototherapy, isisombululo sisetyenziswa ngaphezulu kwesilonda kunye nolusu oluchaphazelekayo. Indawo iyavezwa kukukhanya kwe-laser okujolise ekubulaleni iiseli. Izisombululo eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufota zibandakanya amayeza amiselweyo, anje nge-aminolevulinic acid (i-Levulan Kerastick) kunye ne-methyl aminolevulinate cream (Metvix).

Unokuthintela njani i-actinic keratosis?

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela i-AK kukunciphisa ukubonakala kwakho elangeni. Oku kuya kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu. Khumbula ukwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Nxiba iminqwazi kunye neehempe ezinemikhono emide xa uselangeni.
• Kuphephe ukuphuma phandle emini emaqanda, xa ilanga likhanya kakhulu.
• Gwema iibhedi zokutshisa.
• Soloko usebenzisa i-sunscreen xa ungaphandle. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-sun protection factor (SPF) ye-30 ubuncinci. Kufuneka ibhlokhe zombini i-ultraviolet A (UVA) kunye ne-ultraviolet B (UVB).

Ikwangumbono olungileyo ukuhlolisisa ulusu lwakho rhoqo. Jonga ukukhula kolusu olutsha okanye naluphi na utshintsho kuko konke oku:

• amaqhuma
• Iimpawu zokuzalwa
• moles
• amabala

Qiniseka ukuba ujonga ukukhula okutsha kwesikhumba okanye utshintsho kwezi ndawo:

• ubuso
• intamo
• iindlebe
• iincopho kunye nezantsi kweengalo zakho nezandla

Cwangcisa ixesha lokuqeshwa nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuba unawo nawaphi na amaxhala eluswini lwakho.