Umhlaza womlomo

Umhlaza womlomo ngumhlaza oqala emlonyeni.

Umhlaza womlomo uhlala ubandakanya imilebe okanye ulwimi. Inokwenzeka kwakhona kwi:

• Uluhlu lwamatye
• Umgangatho womlomo
• Iintsini (gingiva)
• Uphahla lomlomo (inkalakahla)

Uninzi lomhlaza womlomo luhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-squamous cell carcinoma. Ezi zomhlaza zihlala zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza.

Ukutshaya kunye nokunye ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kunxulunyaniswa neemeko ezininzi zomhlaza womlomo. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu kukonyusa umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo.

Usulelo lomntu lwe-papillomavirus (HPV) (intsholongwane efanayo ebangela i-warts yomzimba) i-akhawunti yenani elikhulu lomhlaza womlomo kunangaphambili. Olunye uhlobo lwe-HPV, uhlobo lwe-16 okanye i-HPV-16, luqheleke kakhulu kunxulunyaniswa phantse nawo wonke umhlaza womlomo.

Ezinye izinto ezinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo zibandakanya:

• Ixesha elide (elingapheliyo) lokuxubha, njengamazinyo amabi, amazinyo okufakelwa okanye ukufakwa
• Ukuthatha amayeza (ama-immunosuppressants) enza buthathaka amajoni omzimba
• Ucoceko lwamazinyo nolomlomo

Eminye imihlaza yomlomo iqala njengecwecwe elimhlophe (leukoplakia) okanye njengesilonda somlomo.

Amadoda akhula ngumhlaza womlomo ngokuphindwe kabini kunabafazi. Kuqheleke kakhulu kumadoda amadala kunama-40.

Umhlaza womlomo unokubonakala njengeqhuma okanye isilonda emlonyeni onokuba:

• Ukuqhekeka okunzulu, okuqinileyo-kwithishu
• Imfusa, ibomvu, okanye ibala
• Elwimini, emilebeni, okanye kwenye indawo emlonyeni
• Akunabuhlungu ekuqaleni, emva koko ukutshisa okanye intlungu xa i-tumor ihamba phambili

Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Iingxaki zokuhlafuna
• Izilonda zomlomo ezinokuthi zophe
• Intlungu ngokuginya
• Ubunzima bokuthetha
• Ukuginya ubunzima
• I-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo entanyeni
• Iingxaki zolwimi
• Ukuhla ukusinda
• Kunzima ukuvula umlomo
• Ukuba ndindisholo nokukhululwa kwamazinyo
• Umphunga ombi

Ugqirha wakho okanye ugqirha wamazinyo uza kuvavanya indawo yomlomo wakho. Uviwo lunokubonisa:

• Isilonda emlonyeni, ulwimi, intsini, izidlele, okanye enye indawo emlonyeni
• Isilonda okanye ukopha

I-biopsy yesilonda okanye isilonda iya kwenziwa. Esi sihlunu siya kuvavanyelwa i-HPV.

Ukuvavanywa kwe-CT, iMRI kunye nePET kunokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaza usasazekile.

Utyando lokususa ithumba luyacetyiswa ukuba ithumba lincinci ngokwaneleyo.

Ukuba ithumba lisasazeke kwizicubu ezininzi okanye kwiindawo ezikufutshane ezikufuphi, kwenziwa utyando olukhulu. Inani leethishu kunye nenombolo ye-lymph node ezisusiweyo zixhomekeka ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani.

Utyando lunokusetyenziswa kunye nonyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy yamathumba amakhulu.

Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango olifunayo, unyango oluxhasayo olunokufuneka lubandakanya:

• Unyango lwentetho.
• Unyango ukunceda ukuhlafuna, ukugwinya.
• Ukufunda ukutya iiprotheyini ezaneleyo kunye neekhalori ukugcina ubunzima bakho bonyukile. Buza umboneleli wakho wezempilo malunga nokongezwa kokutya okungamanzi okunokukunceda.
• Nceda ngomlomo owomileyo.

Ungaluphelisa uxinzelelo lokugula ngokujoyina iqela lokuxhasa umhlaza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanamava afanayo kunye neengxaki kunokukunceda ungaziva ulilolo.

Phantse isiqingatha sabantu abanomhlaza womlomo baya kuphila ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5 emva kokuba befunyanisiwe kwaye bephathwa. Ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke kwezinye izicwili, inqanaba lokunyanga liphantse libe ngama-90%. Ingaphezulu kwesiqingatha somhlaza womlomo usasazekile xa kufunyanwa umhlaza. Uninzi luye lwasasazeka emqaleni okanye entanyeni.

Kuyenzeka, kodwa kungangqinwa ngokupheleleyo, ukuba umhlaza ovavanya ukuba unayo i-HPV unokuba nembono engcono. Kananjalo, abo batshaya iminyaka engaphantsi kweshumi banokwenza ngcono.

Abantu abafuna iidosi ezinkulu zemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy kunokwenzeka ukuba babe neengxaki ezinzima ngokugwinya.

Umhlaza womlomo unokuphinda ubekho ukuba icuba okanye utywala abumiswanga.

Iingxaki zomhlaza womlomo zingabandakanya:

• Iingxaki zonyango lwe-radiation, kubandakanya umlomo owomileyo kunye nobunzima bokuginya
• Ukonakala kobuso, intloko, nentamo emva kotyando
• Olunye usasazo (i-metastasis) lomhlaza

Umhlaza womlomo unokufunyanwa xa ugqirha wamazinyo esenza ukucoca rhoqo kunye noviwo.

Fowunela umboneleli wakho ukuba unesilonda emlonyeni okanye emlonyeni okanye kukho iqhuma entanyeni elingahambi kwinyanga e-1. Ukuchongwa kwangoko kunye nokunyangwa komhlaza womlomo kulonyusa kakhulu ithuba lokusinda.

Umhlaza womlomo unokuthintelwa ngu:

• Ukuphepha ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa elinye icuba
• Ukuba neengxaki zamazinyo zilungisiwe
• Ukunciphisa okanye ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa kotywala
• Ukutyelela ugqirha wamazinyo rhoqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa nococeko lomlomo

Amachiza e-HPV acetyiswayo abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abancinci bajolise kwiindidi ezincinci ze-HPV ezinokubangela umhlaza womlomo. Babonakalisile ukuthintela uninzi losulelo lomlomo lwe-HPV. Akukacaci nangoku ukuba bayakwazi na ukuthintela umhlaza womlomo.

Umhlaza - umlomo; Umhlaza womlomo; Umhlaza wentloko nentamo - ngomlomo; Umhlaza weseli squamous - umlomo; Ithumba elibi - ngomlomo; Umhlaza we-Oropharyngeal - HPV; Umlomo weCarcinoma

• Umlomo owomileyo ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza
• Umlomo kunye nentamo radiation - ukukhutshwa
• Ukuginya iingxaki

• Umqala womzimba
• Umlomo womzimba

UFakhry C, uGourin CG. I-papillomavirus yabantu kunye ne-epidemiology yomhlaza wentloko nentamo. Ku: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, ii-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Utyando lweNtloko kunye neNtamo. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 75.

Umncinci uJW, uMiller CS, uRhodus NL. Umhlaza kunye nokhathalelo lomlomo lwezigulana ezinomhlaza. Ku: Mncinci JW, Miller CS, Rhodus NL, ii-eds. Ulawulo lwamazinyo oluncinci kunye nolweFalace loMguli oXutywe nguMedical. Umhla we-9. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; I-2018: isahluko 26.

Kwiwebhusayithi yeZiko loMhlaza weSizwe. Unyango lomhlaza we-Oropharyngeal (yabantu abadala) (PDQ) -uhlobo lobungcali kwezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/oropharyngeal-nyango-pdq#link/_528. Ukuhlaziywa ngoJanuwari 27, 2020. Ifikeleleke ngo-Matshi 31, 2020.

I-Wein RO, i-Weber RS. Neoplasms ezimbi zomlomo. Ku: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, ii-eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Utyando lweNtloko kunye neNtamo. Umhla wesi-6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 93.