Ukusasazwa okukuko kwe-Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): Into ekufuneka uyazi

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu?
• Yintoni ebangela iADEM?
• Kufunyaniswa njani?
• Inyangwa njani?
• Yahluke njani i-ADEM kwi-MS?
• Zifana njani
• Bahluke njani
• Ndingalindela ntoni?
• Ngaba i-ADEM ingathintelwa?

Ushwankathelo

I-ADEM imfutshane ngokusasazeka kwe-encephalomyelitis.

Le meko ye-neurological ibandakanya ukudumba okukhulu kwinkqubo ye-nervous system. Ingabandakanya ingqondo, intambo yomgogodla, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imithambo-luvo yengqondo.

Ukudumba kunokonakalisa i-myelin, into ekhuselayo enxiba imicu ye-nerve kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-nervous system.

I-ADEM yenzeka kwihlabathi liphela nakulo lonke uhlanga. Kwenzeka rhoqo kwiinyanga zasebusika nasentwasahlobo.

Malunga ne-1 kwi-125,000 ukuya kuma-250,000 yabantu baphuhlisa i-ADEM rhoqo ngonyaka.

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-50 zabantu abane-ADEM abafumana ukugula kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo. Esi sigulo sihlala sisosuleleko yintsholongwane, kodwa singalulo naluphi na usulelo.

Iimpawu zihlala ziza ngokukhawuleza kwaye zingabandakanya:

• ifiva
• intloko ebuhlungu
• Intamo elukhuni
• ubuthathaka, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokubetha kweengalo okanye imilenze
• iingxaki zokulinganisela
• ukozela
• ukungaboni kakuhle okanye umbono ophindwe kabini ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwemithambo-luvo (optic neuritis)
• ubunzima bokuginya nokuthetha
• iingxaki zesinyi okanye zesisu
• ukudideka

Akuqhelekanga, kodwa i-ADEM ingakhokelela ekubanjweni okanye kwi-coma.

Uninzi lwexesha, iimpawu zihlala iintsuku ezimbalwa kwaye ziphuculwe ngonyango. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, iimpawu zinokuhlala iinyanga ezininzi.

Yintoni ebangela iADEM?

Isizathu ngqo se-ADEM asaziwa.

I-ADEM inqabile, kwaye nabani na angayifumana. Kunokwenzeka ukuba zichaphazele abantwana kunabantu abadala. Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10 bamele ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-80 zamatyala e-ADEM.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngeveki okanye ezimbini emva kokusuleleka. Intsholongwane, intsholongwane, kunye nezinye izifo zonke zinxulunyaniswa ne-ADEM.

Ngamaxesha athile, i-ADEM ikhula emva kogonyo, ihlala iyemasisi, uqwilikana kunye nerubella. Ukuphendula kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kubangela ukudumba kwinkqubo ye-nervous system. Kwezi meko, kungathatha ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu emva kokugonyelwa ukuba iimpawu zivele.

Ngamanye amaxesha, akukho kugonywa okanye ubungqina bosulelo ngaphambi kohlaselo lwe-ADEM.

Kufunyaniswa njani?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-neurologic ezingqinelana ne-ADEM, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukwazi ukuba ubugula kwezi veki zimbalwa zidlulileyo. Bayakufuna nembali yonyango epheleleyo.

Akukho luvavanyo lunye olunokuchonga i-ADEM. Iimpawu zifana nezinye zeemeko ezimele zikhutshwe. Ukuchongwa kuya kusekelwa kwiimpawu zakho ezithile, uvavanyo lomzimba, kunye novavanyo lokuqonda isifo.

Iimvavanyo ezimbini ezinokukunceda ekufumaneni isifo zezi:

I-MRI: Iskena esivela kolu vavanyo lungafakwanga lubonisa utshintsho kwimiba emhlophe kwingqondo nakumqolo. Izilonda okanye ukonakala kwimiba emhlophe kunokuba ngenxa ye-ADEM, kodwa ikwabonisa ukosuleleka kwengqondo, ithumba, okanye isifo sokuqina kwemisipha (multiple sclerosis).

Ukugqobhoza iLumbar (impompo yomqolo): Uhlalutyo lomkhuhlane wakho lunokuchonga ukuba ngaba iimpawu zibangelwa lusulelo. Ubukho beeproteni ezingaqhelekanga ezibizwa ngokuba zii-oligoclonal band zithetha ukuba i-MS sesona sifo sinokubakho.

Inyangwa njani?

Injongo yonyango ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwinkqubo ye-nervous system.

I-ADEM ihlala inyangwa ngamayeza e-steroid anje nge-methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol). Eli yeza ilawulwa yegazi iintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe. Unokufuna kwakhona ukuthatha i-steroids yomlomo, njenge-prednisone (iDeltasone), ixesha elifutshane. Kuxhomekeke kwingcebiso kagqirha wakho, oku kunokuba naphina ukusuka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa.

Ngelixa ukwi-steroids, kuya kufuneka ujongwe ngononophelo. Iziphumo ezinokubandakanya incasa yentsimbi, ukudumba kobuso, kunye nokugungxula. Ukutyeba kunye nobunzima bokulala kunokwenzeka.

Ukuba i-steroids ayisebenzi, enye inketho yi-immune globulin (IVIG). Ikwanikwa kwakhona ngemithambo yegazi malunga neentsuku ezintlanu. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho zibandakanya usulelo, ukusabela okungafunekiyo, kunye nokuphefumla okufutshane.

Kwiimeko ezinzima, kukho unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-plasmapheresis, oluhlala ludinga ukuhlala esibhedlele. Le nkqubo icoca igazi lakho ukuze lisuse izilwa-buhlungu eziyingozi. Kusenokufuneka iphindaphindwe amatyeli amaninzi.

Ukuba awuphenduli kulo naluphi na unyango, i-chemotherapy inokuqwalaselwa.

Ukulandela unyango, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukwenza i-MRI yokulandela ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ukudumba kulawulwa.

Yahluke njani i-ADEM kwi-MS?

I-ADEM kunye nee-MS ziyafana ngokumangalisayo, kodwa kuphela kwixesha elifutshane.

Zifana njani

Zombini ezi meko zibandakanya ukuphendula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwamajoni omzimba achaphazela i-myelin.

Zombini zinokubangela:

• ubuthathaka, ukuba ndindisholo, kunye nokubetha kweengalo okanye imilenze
• iingxaki zokulinganisela
• ukungaboni kakuhle okanye umbono ophindwe kabini
• iingxaki zesinyi okanye zesisu

Ekuqaleni, kunokuba nzima ukwahlula kwi-MRI. Zombini zibangela ukudumba kunye nokushenxiswa komzimba kwinkqubo ye-nervous system.

Zombini zinokunyangwa nge-steroids.

Bahluke njani

Ngaphandle kokufana, ezi meko zimbini zahluke kakhulu.

Enye inkcazo yokuxilongwa kukuba i-ADEM inokubangela umkhuhlane kunye nokudideka, okungaqhelekanga kwi-MS.

I-ADEM kunokwenzeka ukuba ichaphazele amadoda, ngelixa i-MS ixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini. I-ADEM ikwanokwenzeka ukuba yenzeke ebuntwaneni. I-MS ihlala ifunyaniswa sele ikhulile.

Umahluko ophawuleka kakhulu kukuba i-ADEM phantse ibe sisiganeko esizimeleyo. Uninzi lwabantu abane-MS banokuhlaselwa okuphindaphindiweyo kokudumba kwenkqubo ye-nervous system. Ubungqina boku bunokubonwa xa kulandelwa iskena seMRI.

Oko kuthetha ukuba unyango lwe-ADEM lukwanokwenzeka ukuba lube yinto yexesha elinye. Kwelinye icala, i-MS yimeko engapheliyo efuna ulawulo lwezifo oluqhubekayo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango oluguqula izifo ezenzelwe ukunciphisa inkqubela phambili.

Ndingalindela ntoni?

Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, i-ADEM inokubulala. Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-85 zabantu abane-ADEM abachacha ngokupheleleyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Uninzi lwabanye luyachacha kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa. Unyango lwe-Steroid lunokunciphisa ixesha lokuhlaselwa.

Inani elincinci labantu lishiywe kukutshintsha kwengqondo okuthe chu okanye isimilo, njengokubhideka kunye nokozela. Abantu abadala banokuba nexesha elinzima lokufumana kwakhona kunabantwana.

Iipesenti ezisibhozo zexesha, i-ADEM sisiganeko sexesha elinye. Ukuba iyabuya, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa okanye ukukhupha i-MS.

Ngaba i-ADEM ingathintelwa?

Ngenxa yokuba esona sizathu asicacanga, akukho ndlela yaziwayo yokuthintela.

Soloko uxela iimpawu ze-neurological kugqirha wakho. Kubalulekile ukufumana ukuxilongwa okufanelekileyo. Ukunyanga ukuvuvukala kwinkqubo ye-nervous central kwangoko kunokunceda ukuthintela iimpawu ezinzima okanye ezihlala ixesha elide.