Pituitary adenoma: yintoni, oonobangela abaphambili kunye nonyango

Umxholo

• Iimpawu eziphambili
• 1. I-Lactotrophic adenoma
• 2. Somatotrophic adenoma
• 3. ICorticotrophic adenoma
• 4. I-adonoma yeGonadotrophic
• 5. I-adenoma yethyrotrophic
• 6. I-adenoma engabonakaliyo
• Oonobangela pituitary adenoma
• Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa
• Unyango lwenziwa njani
• Ugqirha
• Amayeza

I-pituitary adenoma, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-pituitary adenoma, luhlobo lwesisu esibuhlungu, esisisi sifo esisebuchotsheni kwaye sinoxanduva lokulawula ukuveliswa kwehomoni ezinje ngecortisol, iprolactin, ukukhula kwehomoni kunye neehomoni ezikhuthaza ukusebenza kwamaqanda kunye namasende , umzekelo.

Olu hlobo lwethumba lunqabile kwaye, ngenxa yokuba lulungile, alubeki ubomi emngciphekweni, nangona kunjalo kunokubangela iimpawu ezinciphisa umgangatho wobomi njengokungachumi, ukuncipha kwe-libido, ukuveliswa kobisi okanye iimpawu ze-neurological ezinje ngentloko okanye ukulahleka kancinci umbono.

Nanini na xa kuvela iimpawu ezinokubonisa i-adenoma kwi-pituitary gland, kubalulekile ukudibana ne-endocrinologist, i-neurologist okanye i-oncologist ukwenza uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo, uchonge ingxaki kwaye uqalise unyango olufanelekileyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-pituitary adenoma yintloko, ukunciphisa umbono, ukunciphisa inkanuko yesini kunye notshintsho kumjikelo wokuya esikhathini kwabasetyhini.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iimpawu ezinokubonakala kwaye ziyahluka ngohlobo lwehomoni oluchaphazelekileyo yi-adenoma:

1. I-Lactotrophic adenoma

I-Lactotrophic pituitary adenoma ibonakaliswa yi-hyperprolactinemia, eyonyuka kwi-hormone prolactin, ejongene nemveliso yobisi. Kolu hlobo lwe-adenoma olona phawu luphambili kukuveliswa kobisi emabeleni amadoda okanye abafazi abangancancisi.

Ukongeza, ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke ziyancipha inkanuko yesini, ukungachumi, utshintsho lokuya esikhathini okanye ukungabi namandla emadodeni.

2. Somatotrophic adenoma

I-somatotrophic pituitary adenoma ibonakaliswa kukukhula kwemveliso yehomoni yokukhula kwaye inokubangela ukwanda kubukhulu kunye nobukhulu beminwe neenzwane, ukongeza ukwanda ebunzini, emhlathini nasempumlweni eguqula ukumila kobuso. Le meko yaziwa ngokuba yi-acromegaly, kubantu abadala, okanye i-gigantism, ebantwaneni.

Ukongeza, ezinye iimpawu ezinokuthi zenzeke zibandakanya iintlungu ezidibeneyo, ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukunciphisa inkanuko yesini, utshintsho kumjikelo wokuya esikhathini, ukwanda kwemveliso yokubila okanye ukudinwa.

3. ICorticotrophic adenoma

ICorticotrophic pituitary adenoma inxulumene nokwanda kwemveliso yehomoni yecortisol, enoxanduva lokunyusa amanqanaba eglucose egazini kunye nokufakwa kwamafutha kwizicwili nakwizitho zomzimba.

Ngokubanzi, olu hlobo lwe-pituitary adenoma lunokubangela i-Cushing's syndrome ebangela iimpawu zokufumana ubunzima ngokukhawuleza, ukuqokelelana kwamafutha ebusweni nasemqolo, ubuthathaka bemisipha, iinwele ezindlebeni kunye neengxaki zolusu ezinjenge-acne kunye nokuphilisa kakubi, umzekelo.

Ukongeza, olu hlobo lwe-pituitary adenoma lunokubangela uxinzelelo kunye nokutshintsha kwemood.

4. I-adonoma yeGonadotrophic

I-Gonadotrophic pituitary adenoma inxulumene nokwanda kwemveliso yehomoni elawula i-ovulation kubafazi nakwimveliso yesidoda emadodeni. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lwe-pituitary adenoma alunazo iimpawu ezithile.

5. I-adenoma yethyrotrophic

I-Thyrotrophic adenoma luhlobo lwe-pituitary adenoma apho kukho ukwanda kwimveliso yehomoni ye-thyroid enokubangela i-hyperthyroidism. Iimpawu zolu hlobo lwe-pituitary adenoma zibandakanya ukwanda kwentliziyo, ukoyika, ukuphazamiseka, ukwehla kobunzima, ukungcangcazela okanye ukuqikelela kwamehlo, umzekelo.

6. I-adenoma engabonakaliyo

I-adenoma engeyiyo eyimfihlo yohlobo lwe-pituitary adenoma engaphazamisi ukuveliswa kwehomoni, ayibangeli ukwanda kwehomoni kwaye ngokubanzi ayibonisi zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-adenoma iyaqhubeka nokukhula, inokubeka uxinzelelo kwi-pituitary gland kwaye ibangele utshintsho kwi-hormonal.

Oonobangela pituitary adenoma

Oonobangela be-pituitary adenoma abaziwa, kodwa ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba olu hlobo lwethumba lunokwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho kwi-DNA yeeseli okanye kubantu abanezinye izinto ezinobungozi ezinje:

• Izifo ezininzi ze-endocrine neoplasia: esi sifo sisifo esinqabileyo esizuzwe njengelifa esibangelwa lutshintsho kwi-DNA ebangela ithumba okanye ukukhula okwandileyo kwamadlala ahlukeneyo emzimbeni, kubandakanya isifo sedlala, esinokunyusa umngcipheko we-pituitary adenoma;
• Isifo seMcCune-Albright: esi sifo sinqabileyo semfuza sivela ngenxa yotshintsho kwi-DNA kwaye sinokubangela utshintsho kwimveliso yedlala lengqula kwaye, ukongeza kwiingxaki emathanjeni naseluswini;
• ICarney Complex: sisifo esingaqhelekanga sofuzo losapho esinokubangela i-pituitary adenoma kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ezinxulumene nazo ezinje ngeprostate okanye i-thyroid kunye ne-ovarian cysts.

Ukongeza, ukubonakaliswa kwemitha kunokunyusa umngcipheko wotshintsho kwi-DNA kunye nophuhliso lwe-pituitary adenoma.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa

Ukuchongwa kwe-pituitary adenoma kwenziwa yi-neurologist okanye i-oncologist ngokweempawu kunye nokuvavanywa kwelabhoratri ukuhlalutya amanqanaba ehomoni kwaye kubandakanya:

• I-Cortisol kumchamo, amathe okanye igazi;
• I-hormone ye-Luteotrophic kunye ne-follicle evuselela i-hormone egazini;
• Prolactin egazini;
• Ijika leGlycemic;
• Iihomoni zedlala le-thyroid njenge-TSH, T3 kunye ne-T4 egazini.

Ukongeza, ukuqinisekisa isifo, ugqirha unokucela i-MRI yebhinqa.

Unyango lwenziwa njani

Unyango lwe-pituitary adenoma lunokwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwamayeza okanye uqhaqho kwaye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-adenoma kunye nobukhulu bethumba:

Ugqirha

Utyando luboniswa xa i-pituitary adenoma ingekho mfihlo kwaye ingaphezulu kwe-1 cm. Ukongeza, kulo mzekelo unyango lonyango luboniswa kuphela ukuba uphawu lwelahleko okanye utshintsho kumbono lwenzeka.

Xa ithumba elingekhoyo ngasese lingaphantsi kwe-1 cm okanye ngaphandle kweempawu, unyango lwenziwa ngokubeka iliso rhoqo kunyango kunye nokucinga ngemagneti yokujonga ukukhula kwesisu ngokuhamba kwexesha. ukuba kuyimfuneko, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe unyango okanye utyando.

Ukongeza, i-pituitary adenomas apho ukukhula kwehomoni okanye utshintsho lwe-cortisol, utyando lunokuboniswa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza.

Amayeza

Amachiza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-adenoma ayahluka ngohlobo lwe-adenoma kwaye abandakanya:

• Pegvisomanto, octreotide okanye lanreotide: kubonisiwe somatotrophic adenoma;
• Ketoconazole okanye mitotane: kubonisiwe kwi-corticotrophic adenoma;
• Cabergoline okanye bromocriptine: kuboniswe kwi-adenoma ye-lactotrophic.

Ukongeza, ugqirha unokucebisa i-radiotherapy kwimeko ye-somatotrophic okanye i-corticotrophic adenoma.