Ithumba lobuchopho

Ithumba lobuchopho yingqokelela yobofu, iiseli zomzimba, kunye nezinye izinto ezisengqondweni, ezibangelwa yintsholongwane okanye ukungunda kosulelo.

Amathumba ebongo aqhele ukwenzeka xa iibhaktiriya okanye ifungi zisulela kwinxalenye yengqondo. Ngenxa yoko, ukudumba kunye nokucaphuka (ukudumba) kuyaphuma.Iiseli zengqondo ezichaphazelekileyo, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iintsholongwane eziphilayo kunye nezifileyo okanye ifungi iqokelela kwindawo yengqondo. Iifom zeethishu ezijikeleze le ndawo kwaye zenza ubunzima okanye ithumba.

Iintsholongwane ezibangela ithumba lobuchopho zinokufikelela kwingqondo ngegazi. Okanye, bangena ngokungqalileyo kwingqondo, njengaxa kutyandwa ingqondo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ithumba lobuchopho liyakhula kusulelo kwizono.

Umthombo wosulelo uhlala ungafunyanwa. Nangona kunjalo, owona mthombo uqhelekileyo usulelo lwemiphunga. Ngaphantsi kakhulu, isifo sentliziyo ngunobangela.

Oku kulandelayo kuphakamisa ithuba lakho lokuphuhlisa ithumba lobuchopho:

• Amasosha omzimba athathaka (njengabantu abane-HIV / AIDS)
• Isifo esinganyangekiyo, njengomhlaza
• Iziyobisi ezicinezela amajoni omzimba (i-corticosteroids okanye i-chemotherapy)
• Isifo sentliziyo

Iimpawu zinokukhula kancinci, kwisithuba seeveki ezininzi, okanye zinokuvela ngesiquphe. Banokubandakanya:

• Utshintsho kwisimo sengqondo, ezinje ngokudideka, ukuphendula kancinci okanye ukucinga, ukungakwazi ukugxila, okanye ukozela
• Ukwehla kwamandla okuziva uziva
• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda
• Intloko, ukuxhuzula, okanye intamo elukhuni
• Iingxaki zolwimi
• Ukuphulukana nomsebenzi wemisipha, ngokwelinye icala
• Umbono utshintsha
• Ukuhlanza
• Ubuthathaka

Uvavanyo lwengqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo iya kuhlala ibonisa iimpawu zoxinzelelo olwandileyo ngaphakathi kolukakayi kunye neengxaki zokusebenza kwengqondo.

Uvavanyo lokufumanisa isifo sobuchopho lunokubandakanya:

• Iinkcubeko zegazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Gcwalisa ubalo lwegazi (CBC)
• Ukuskena iNtloko ye-CT
• I-Electroencephalogram (i-EEG)
• I-MRI yentloko
• Ukuvavanya ubukho beentsholongwane kwiintsholongwane ezithile

I-biopsy yenaliti idla ngokwenziwa ukuze ichonge unobangela wosulelo.

Ithumba lobuchopho yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango. Uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kolukakayi lunokuba phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba lusongele ubomi. Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele de imeko izinzile. Abanye abantu banokufuna inkxaso yobomi.

Unyango, hayi utyando, luyacetyiswa ukuba unayo:

• Ithumba elincinci (ngaphantsi kwe-2 cm)
• Ithumba elinzulu kwingqondo
• Ithumba kunye ne-meningitis
• Amathumba aliqela (anqabile)
• Ukutshutshiswa kwingqondo yehydrocephalus (kwezinye iimeko, i-shunt inokufuna ukususwa okwethutyana okanye ukubuyiselwa endaweni)
• Usulelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-toxoplasmosis kumntu one-HIV / AIDS

Unokumiselwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-antibiotics ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango lusebenza.

Amayeza okubola anokumiselwa kwakhona ukuba usulelo lubangelwa ngumngundo.

Utyando luyafuneka ukuba:

• Ukunyuka koxinzelelo kwingqondo kuyaqhubeka okanye kuya kusiba mandundu
• Ithumba lobuchopho alibi lincinci emva kweyeza
• Ithumba lobuchopho linerhasi (eveliswa zezinye iintlobo zebhaktheriya)
• Ithumba lobuchopho linokuqhekeka livuleke (uqhekeko)
• Ithumba lobuchopho likhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-2 cm)

Utyando lubandakanya ukuvula ukhakhayi, ukuveza ingqondo, kunye nokufunxa ithumba. Iimvavanyo zaselebhu zihlala zisenziwa ukuvavanya ulwelo. Oku kunceda ukufumanisa unobangela wosulelo, ukuze kunikwe amayeza alwa nonyango okanye amayeza okubola.

I-aspiration aspiration ekhokelwa yi-CT okanye i-MRI scan inokufuneka kwi-abscess ejulile. Ngethuba lale nkqubo, amayeza anokufakwa ngqo kubunzima.

I-diuretics ethile (amayeza anciphisa ulwelo emzimbeni, ekwabizwa ngokuba ziipilisi zamanzi) kunye nee-steroids zinokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukudumba kwengqondo.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, ithumba lobuchopho liphantse lihlale liyingozi. Ngonyango, izinga lokusweleka limalunga ne-10% ukuya kuma-30%. Unyango lwakwangoko lufunyenwe, ngcono.

Abanye abantu banokuba neengxaki zexesha elide emva kokuhlinzwa.

Iingxaki zinokubandakanya:

• Umonakalo wobuchopho
• I-Meningitis enzima kwaye isongela ubomi
• Ukubuya (ukuphindaphinda) kosulelo
• Ukuxhuzula

Yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele okanye fowunela inombolo yongxamiseko yendawo (enje nge-911) ukuba uneempawu zethumba lobuchopho.

Unokuwunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa ithumba lengqondo ngokufumana unyango lwezifo okanye iingxaki zempilo ezinokubangela.

Abanye abantu, kubandakanya abo baneengxaki ezithile zentliziyo, banokufumana i-antibiotics ngaphambi kwamazinyo okanye ezinye iinkqubo zokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo.

Ithumba - ingqondo; Ithumba lobuchopho; Ithumba le-CNS

• Utyando lobuchopho-ukukhutshwa

• Amebic ithumba lobuchopho
• Ingqondo

IGea-Banacloche JC, iTunkel AR. Ithumba lobuchopho. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ii-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kunye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhla we-9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 90.

UNath A, uBerger JR. Ithumba lobuchopho kunye nosulelo lweparameningeal. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ii-eds. Amayeza eGoldman-Cecil. Ngomhla wama-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 385.