Uxinzelelo kulutsha

Umxholo

• Ungalujonga njani uxinzelelo emntwaneni wakho
• Uthintelo lokuzibulala
• Yintoni Ebangela Ukudakumba Kokufikisa?
• Umahluko kwiBongo
• Iziganeko zoBomi eziBalulekileyo
• Iimpawu Esizizuz 'ilifa
• Iipatheni ezifundiweyo zokuCinga gwenxa
• Luchongwa Njani uxinzelelo loLutsha?
• Ukunyanga uxinzelelo kuLutsha
• Amayeza
• I-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ekhethiweyo (SSRIs)
• Ukukhetha iSerotonin kunye neNorepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
• I-Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
• I-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (i-MAOIs)
• Unyango ngengqondo
• Zilolonge
• Lala
• Ukutya okufanelekileyo
• Gwema i-Caffeine engaphezulu
• Zikhwebule kuTywala
• Ukuhlala noxinzelelo kulutsha

Luyintoni Uxinzelelo kuLutsha?

Okuqhele ukubizwa ngokuba kukudakumba kolutsha, oku kuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye neemvakalelo akukho kwahluka kwezonyango kuxinzelelo lwabantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu kulutsha zinokuzibonakalisa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunabantu abadala ngenxa yemiceli mngeni eyahlukeneyo yentlalo kunye nophuhliso olujamelene nolutsha. Oku kubandakanya:

• ifuthe labangani
• ezemidlalo
• ukutshintsha amanqanaba ehomoni
• imizimba ekhulayo

Ukudakumba kunxulunyaniswa nenqanaba eliphezulu loxinzelelo, unxunguphalo, kunye neemeko ezimbi kakhulu, ukuzibulala. Inokuchaphazela ulutsha:

• ubomi bakho
• ubomi besikolo
• ubomi bomsebenzi
• ubomi bokuhlala
• ubomi bentsapho

Oku kungakhokelela ekubeni ube wedwa ekuhlaleni kunye nezinye iingxaki.

Uxinzelelo ayiyondlela abantu abanokuthi "baphume ngayo," okanye ngokulula "bavuye" kuyo. Yimeko yokwenyani enokubuchaphazela ubomi bomntu ngazo zonke iindlela ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle.

Ungalujonga njani uxinzelelo emntwaneni wakho

Uqikelelo kuphononongo olupapashwe kwi-American Family Physician bathi ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezili-15 zabantwana nakwishumi elivisayo baneempawu zoxinzelelo.

Iimpawu zoxinzelelo zihlala kunzima kubazali ukuzibona. Ngamanye amaxesha, uxinzelelo ludidekile kunye neemvakalelo zokufikisa kunye nohlengahlengiso kulutsha.

Nangona kunjalo, ukudakumba kungaphezulu kwesithukuthezi okanye ukungabinamdla esikolweni. Ngokwe-American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), ezinye iimpawu zoxinzelelo kulutsha zibandakanya:

• ebonakala elusizi, ecaphuka msinya, okanye elila
• utshintsho kwisondlo okanye ubunzima
• ukuncipha komdla kwimisebenzi umntwana wakho wakufumanisa kumnandi
• ukwehla kwamandla
• ubunzima bokugxila
• ukuziva unetyala, ungaxabisekanga, okanye ungancedi
• utshintsho olukhulu kwimikhwa yokulala
• izikhalazo rhoqo isithukuthezi
• thetha ngokuzibulala
• Ukurhoxa kubahlobo okanye kwimisebenzi yasemva kwesikolo
• ukuqhuba kakubi kwesikolo

Ezinye zeempawu zisenokungasoloko ziyimpawu zoxinzelelo. Ukuba ukhe wakhulisa umntwana ofikisayo, uyazi ukuba utshintsho kumdla wesidlo luqhelekile, ngamanye amaxesha ekukhuleni kwaye ngakumbi ukuba umntwana wakho ubandakanyeka kwezemidlalo.

Okwangoku, ukukhangela ukutshintsha kweempawu kunye nokuziphatha kumntwana wakho okwishumi elivisayo kunokubanceda xa beswele.

Uthintelo lokuzibulala

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu usemngciphekweni wokuzenzakalisa okanye wenzakalise omnye umntu:

• Tsalela u-911 okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni.
• Hlala naloo mntu de kufike uncedo.
• Susa nayiphi na imipu, iimela, amayeza, okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ingozi.
• Mamela, kodwa musa ukugweba, ukuphikisa, ukugrogrisa, okanye ukukhwaza.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu othile ucinga ngokuzibulala, fumana uncedo kwingxaki okanye kumnxeba onqabileyo wokuthintela ukuzibulala. Zama iNqanaba lokuSebenza lokuThintela ukuzibulala ku-800-273-8255.

Imithombo: Ukuzibulala kuThintelo kuZwelonke kunye Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zeMpilo yeNgqondo

Yintoni Ebangela Ukudakumba Kokufikisa?

Akukho sizathu saziwayo sodakumba lokufikisa. Ngokwe-Mayo Clinic, izinto ezininzi zinokukhokelela kuxinzelelo, kubandakanya:

Umahluko kwiBongo

Uphando lubonakalisile ukuba iingqondo zabakwishumi elivisayo zahlukile ngokwakhiwa kwazo kuneengqondo zabantu abadala. Ulutsha olunedepression lunokwahluka ngokwenzeka kwihomoni nakumanqanaba ahlukeneyo eeurotransmitters. I-Neurotransmitters ziikhemikhali eziphambili kwingqondo ezichaphazela indlela iiseli zengqondo ezinxibelelana ngayo kunye nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kulawulo lweemvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha.

Iziganeko zoBomi eziBalulekileyo

Uninzi lwabantwana alunazo iindlela zokuphucula imeko. Isiganeko esibuhlungu singashiya umbono ongapheliyo. Ukuphulukana nomzali okanye ukuphathwa gadalala ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokweemvakalelo, okanye ngokwesondo kunokushiya iziphumo ezingapheliyo kwingqondo yomntwana ezinokuthi zibe negalelo kuxinzelelo.

Iimpawu Esizizuz 'ilifa

Uphando lubonisa ukuba uxinzelelo lunento yendalo. Inokudluliselwa ivela kubazali iye kubantwana babo. Abantwana abanesalamane esinye okanye ezingaphezulu ezisondeleyo zokudakumba, ngakumbi umzali, banethuba lokudakumba ngokwabo.

Iipatheni ezifundiweyo zokuCinga gwenxa

Ulutsha oluhlala luvezwa kukungabi nathemba, ngakumbi kubazali babo, kwaye bafunda ukuziva bengenakuzinceda endaweni yokoyisa imiceli mngeni, nabo banokuba noxinzelelo.

Luchongwa Njani uxinzelelo loLutsha?

Kunyango olululo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugqirha wezifo zengqondo okanye ugqirha wezengqondo enze uvavanyo lwengqondo, ebuza umntwana wakho uthotho lwemibuzo malunga neemvakalelo zabo, indlela abaziphethe ngayo kunye neengcinga zabo.

Umntwana wakho ofikisayo kufuneka ahlangabezane neenqobo ezichaziweyo ukuze afunyaniswe enengxaki yokudakumba, kwaye kufuneka babeneepisodes ezimbini okanye ezingaphezulu zokudakumba ubuncinci iiveki ezimbini. Iziqendu zabo kufuneka zibandakanye ubuncinci kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ukuphazamiseka okanye ukudodobala kwengqondo okuqapheleke ngabanye
• imeko yokudakumba imini yonke
• amandla anciphileyo okucinga okanye okugxila
• ukuncipha komdla kuninzi okanye kuyo yonke imisebenzi
• ukudinwa
• ukuziva ungaxabisekanga okanye ukuziva unetyala ngokugqithiseleyo
• ukuphuthelwa okanye ukulala kakhulu
• Iingcinga eziphindaphindayo zokufa
• ukuncipha komzimba okanye ukuzuza okungafunekiyo

Ingcali yakho yezempilo yengqondo inokukubuza malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho kunye nemo yemo yakhe. Uvavanyo lomzimba lunokusetyenziselwa ukunceda ngaphandle kwezinye izizathu zeemvakalelo zabo. Ezinye iimeko zonyango zinokuba negalelo kuxinzelelo.

Ukunyanga uxinzelelo kuLutsha

Njengokuba ukudakumba kungekho sizathu sinye, akukho lonyango lunye lokunceda wonke umntu onexinzelelo. Rhoqo, ukufumana unyango oluchanekileyo yinkqubo yovavanyo kunye nephutha. Kungathabatha ixesha ukumisela ukuba loluphi unyango olusebenzayo.

Amayeza

Iindidi ezininzi zamayeza ziyilelwe ukunciphisa iimpawu zoxinzelelo. Ezinye zeendidi eziqhelekileyo zamayeza oxinzelelo zibandakanya:

I-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ekhethiweyo (SSRIs)

I-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ekhethiweyo (i-SSRIs) zezinye zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo. Lunyango olukhethwayo kuba bathanda ukuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kunamanye amayeza.

Umsebenzi we-SSRI kwi-neurotransmitter serotonin. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abanexinzelelo banokuba namanqanaba angaqhelekanga e-neurotransmitters ahambelana nokulawulwa kwemood. Ii-SSRI zithintela umzimba wazo ekufunxeni i-serotonin ukuze isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo kwingqondo.

Ii-SSRI zangoku ezivunyiweyo yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) zibandakanya:

• Ikitalopram (Celexa)
• I-escitalopram (iLexapro)
• fluoxetine (Prozac)
• ifluvoxamine (iLuvox)
• iparoxetine (Paxil, Pexeva)
• i-sertraline (iZoloft)

Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezichazwe nge-SSRIs zibandakanya:

• iingxaki zesini
• isicaphucaphu
• urhudo
• intloko ebuhlungu

Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ngaba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziphazamisa umgangatho wobomi bomntwana wakho.

Ukukhetha iSerotonin kunye neNorepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

I-serotonin ekhethiweyo kunye ne-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (i-SNRIs) inqanda ukubuyiselwa kwakhona kwe-neurotransmitters serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrine, enceda ukulawula imeko. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-SNRIs zibandakanya:

• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• ukuphuthelwa
• ukuqhina
• ixhala
• intloko ebuhlungu

Ezona SNRI zixhaphakileyo yi-duloxetine (iCymbalta) kunye ne-venlafaxine (i-Effexor).

I-Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

Njengama-SSRI kunye nee-SNRIs, i-tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) ibhloka ukuphinda kuthathwe ii-neurotransmitters ezithile. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye, ii-TCA zisebenza kwi-serotonin, norepinephrine, kunye ne-dopamine.

Ii-TCAs zinokuvelisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngakumbi kunezinye izinto ezichasayo, kubandakanya:

• ukungaboni kakuhle
• ukuqhina
• isiyezi
• umlomo owomileyo
• ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo
• ukozela
• ukutyeba kwakho

Ii-TCAs azimiselwanga abantu abane-prostate eyandisiweyo, i-glaucoma, okanye isifo sentliziyo, njengoko oku kunokudala iingxaki ezinzulu.

Ii-TCA eziqhelekileyo ezimiselweyo zibandakanya:

• mzantsiweb
• mocoxise
• clomipramine (Anafranil), esetyenziselwa ukuphazamiseka okungafunekiyo
• desipramine (Norpramin)
• i-doxepin (iSinequan)
• imipramine (Tofranil)
• Umda we-nortriptyline (Pamelor)
• umgca weprotocol (Vivactil)
• itrimipramine (iSurmontil)

I-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (i-MAOIs)

I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (i-MAOIs) yayiludidi lokuqala lwe-anti-depressants kwimarike kwaye ngoku yeyona inqabileyo. Oku kungenxa yeengxaki, izithintelo kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekile.

I-MAOIs ibhloka i-serotonin, i-dopamine, kunye ne-norepinephrine, kodwa ichaphazela nezinye iikhemikhali emzimbeni. Oku kunokubangela:

• uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi
• isiyezi
• ukuqhina
• ukudinwa
• isicaphucaphu
• umlomo owomileyo
• intloko elula

Abantu abathatha ii-MAOIs kufuneka bakuphephe ukutya okuthile kunye neziselo, kubandakanya:

• uninzi itshizi
• ukutya okukhethiweyo
• itshokholethi
• inyama ezithile
• ibhiya, iwayini, ngaphandle kotywala okanye utywala obuncitshisiweyo kunye newayini

Ii-MAO eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya:

• Isocarboxazid (iMarplan)
• phenelzine (uNardil)
• I-tranylcypromine (iParnate)
• iselegiline (Emsam)

Kuya kufuneka uqaphele ukuba i-FDA ifuna ukuba abavelisi bamayeza okulwa noxinzelelo ukuba babandakanye "isilumkiso sebhokisi emnyama," eshiyeke ngaphakathi kwebhokisi emnyama. Isilumkiso sithi ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okulwa noxinzelelo kubantu abadala abakwiminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwengama-24 banxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko okhulayo wokucinga ngokuzibulala kunye nokuziphatha, okwaziwa njengokuzibulala.

Unyango ngengqondo

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba umntwana wakho abone ingcali yezempilo yengqondo ngaphambi okanye ngexesha elifanayo nokuqala unyango ngamayeza. Zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezikhoyo:

• Ukuthetha ngonyango lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lonyango kwaye kubandakanya iiseshoni eziqhelekileyo nesayikholojisti.
• Unyango lwe-Cognitive-yokuziphatha lukhokelwa ukuba lubuyise iingcinga neemvakalelo ezingalunganga.
• Unyango lwePsychodynamic lujolise ekujongeni kwi-psyche yomntu ukunceda ukunciphisa imizabalazo yangaphakathi, enje ngoxinzelelo okanye ungquzulwano.
• Unyango lokusombulula iingxaki lunceda umntu ukuba afumane indlela ethembekileyo kumava obomi athile, njengokulahleka komntu omthandayo okanye elinye ixesha lotshintsho.

Zilolonge

Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuzilolonga rhoqo kukhuthaza ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali "zokuziva ulungile" kwingqondo ephakamisa imood. Bhalisa umntwana wakho kwimidlalo abanomdla kuyo, okanye eze nemidlalo ukukhuthaza ukusebenza komzimba.

Lala

Ukulala kubalulekile kwimvakalelo yomntwana wakho. Qinisekisa ukuba balala ngokwaneleyo ubusuku ngabunye kwaye balandela indlela yesiqhelo yokulala.

Ukutya okufanelekileyo

Kuthatha umzimba amandla ongezelelweyo ukwenza ukutya okunamafutha neswekile eninzi. Oku kutya kunokukwenza uzive udangele. Pakisha isidlo sasemini somntwana wakho esigcwele kukutya okunezondlo.

Gwema i-Caffeine engaphezulu

I-caffeine inokunyusa imizuzwana okomzuzwana. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa rhoqo umntwana wakho ukuba "aphahlike," azive ediniwe okanye ezantsi.

Zikhwebule kuTywala

Ukusela, ngakumbi ulutsha, kunokudala iingxaki ezingakumbi. Abantu abanexinzelelo kufuneka bakuphephe ukusela utywala.

Ukuhlala noxinzelelo kulutsha

Uxinzelelo lwengqondo lunokuba nefuthe elinamandla kubomi bomntwana wakho kwaye lunokwenza ubunzima obunxulumene neminyaka yokufikisa kuphela. Ukudakumba kolutsha akusoloko kuyinto elula ukuyibona. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olululo umntwana wakho angalufumana uncedo aludingayo.