Uvavanyo lweAlpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)

Umxholo

• Luyintoni uvavanyo lwealpha-fetoprotein (AFP)?
• Isetyenziselwa ntoni?
• Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lwe-AFP?
• Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-AFP?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo?
• Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?
• Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?
• Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga novavanyo lwe-AFP?
• Izalathiso

Luyintoni uvavanyo lwealpha-fetoprotein (AFP)?

I-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) yiprotein eveliswa kwisibindi somntwana okhulayo. Ngexesha lokukhula kosana, enye i-AFP idlula kwi-placenta kwaye ingene kwigazi likanina. Uvavanyo lwe-AFP lulinganisa inqanaba le-AFP kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo ngexesha lekota yesibini yokukhulelwa. I-AFP eninzi kakhulu okanye encinci kwigazi likamama inokuba luphawu lwesiphene sokuzalwa okanye enye imeko. Oku kubandakanya:

• Isiphene se-neural tube, imeko enzulu ebangela ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwengqondo ekhulayo yomntwana kunye / okanye umqolo
• I-Down syndrome, isifo semfuza esibangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kunye nokulibaziseka kophuhliso
• Amawele okanye ukuzalwa okuninzi, kuba ngaphezulu komntwana omnye uvelisa i-AFP
• Ukungahlelwa kakuhle komhla obekiweyo, kuba amanqanaba e-AFP ayatshintsha ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Amanye amagama: i-AFP yoomama; ISerum yoomama ye-AFP; Isikrini se-msAFP

Isetyenziselwa ntoni?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-AFP lusetyenziselwa ukukhangela usana olungekazalwa emngciphekweni wokuba nomngcipheko wokukhubazeka kokuzalwa kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemfuza, ezinje ngeziphene ze-neural tube okanye i-Down syndrome.

Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lwe-AFP?

Umbutho waseMelika okhulelweyo uthi bonke abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kufuneka banikwe uvavanyo lwe-AFP ngaxesha lithile phakathi kwiveki ye-15 neye-20 yokukhulelwa. Uvavanyo lunokucetyiswa ngakumbi ukuba:

• Unembali yosapho yeziphene zokuzalwa
• Ngaba uneminyaka engama-35 okanye ngaphezulu
• Unesifo seswekile

Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-AFP?

Ingcali yokhathalelo lwempilo iyakuthatha isampulu yegazi kumthambo engalweni yakho, isebenzisa inaliti encinci. Emva kokuba inaliti ifakiwe, inani elincinci legazi liya kuqokelelwa kwityhubhu yovavanyo okanye igutyana. Unokuziva uluma kancinci xa inaliti ingena okanye iphuma. Oku kuhlala kuthatha imizuzu engaphantsi kwesihlanu.

Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze nantoni na ukulungiselela uvavanyo?

Awudingi naluphi na ulungiselelo olukhethekileyo lovavanyo lwe-AFP.

Ngaba bukhona ubungozi kuvavanyo?

Kukho umngcipheko omncinci kuwe okanye kusana lwakho ngovavanyo lwegazi lwe-AFP. Unokuba nentlungu encinci okanye ukrakra kwindawo apho inaliti yafakwa khona, kodwa uninzi lweempawu zihamba ngokukhawuleza. Olunye uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-amniocenteis lubonelela ngokuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo kwe-Down syndrome kunye nezinye iziphene zokuzalwa, kodwa uvavanyo lunomngcipheko omncinci wokubangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu.

Zithetha ntoni iziphumo?

Ukuba iziphumo zakho zibonisa ngaphezulu kunamazinga aqhelekileyo e-AFP, oko kunokuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho unesiphene se-neural tube enje nge-spina bifida, imeko apho amathambo omqolo engavali ngapha komgogodla, okanye i-anencephaly, imeko apho ingqondo ayikhuli kakuhle.

Ukuba iziphumo zakho zibonisa ezantsi kunamazinga aqhelekileyo e-AFP, oko kunokuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo esingofuzo njenge-Down syndrome, imeko ebangela iingxaki zengqondo kunye nophuhliso.

Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-AFP aqhelekanga, oko akuthethi ukuba kukho ingxaki kusana lwakho. Kunokuthetha ukuba unomntwana ongaphezulu kwesinye okanye ukuba umhla wakho omiselweyo awulunganga. Unokufumana iziphumo ezibubuxoki. Oko kuthetha ukuba iziphumo zakho zibonisa ingxaki, kodwa umntwana wakho uphilile. Ukuba iziphumo zakho zibonisa inqanaba eliphezulu okanye elisezantsi kunelo liqhelekileyo le-AFP, uya kufumana iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu ukunceda ukuxilonga.

Funda ngakumbi malunga novavanyo lwelabhoratri, uluhlu lweereferensi, kunye neziphumo zokuqonda.

Ngaba ikhona enye into endifuna ukuyazi malunga novavanyo lwe-AFP?

Iimvavanyo ze-AFP zihlala ziyinxalenye yoluhlu lweemvavanyo zaphambi kokubeleka ezibizwa ngokuba ziimakishi ezininzi okanye iimvavanyo zescreen ezintathu. Ukongeza kwi-AFP, uvavanyo kathathu lwesikrini lubandakanya uvavanyo lwe-hCG, ihomoni eveliswe yiplacenta, kunye ne-estriol, uhlobo lwe-estrogen eyenziwe ngumntwana. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ukufumanisa isifo se-Down syndrome kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwemfuza.

Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomntwana onesiphene esithile sokuzalwa, umboneleli wakho unokucebisa novavanyo olutsha olubizwa ngokuba yi-DNA engenaselfowuni (cfDNA). Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olunokuthi lunikwe kwangoko nge-10^th iveki yokukhulelwa. Ingabonisa ukubonisa ukuba umntwana wakho unethuba eliphezulu lokuba ne-Down syndrome okanye ezinye iingxaki zemfuza.

Izalathiso

1. Umbutho waseMelika wokukhulelwa [i-Intanethi]. Irving (TX): Umbutho waseMelika okhulelweyo; c2017. Ukuvavanywa kweSerum Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening (MSAFP) [ihlaziyiwe ngo-2016 Sep 2; ikhankanywe ngo-2017 Jun 5]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-3]. Ifumaneka kwi: http://americanpregnancy.org/prenatal-testing/maternal-serum-alpha-fetoprotein-screening
2. Umbutho waseMelika wokukhulelwa [i-Intanethi]. Irving (TX): Umbutho waseMelika okhulelweyo; c2017. Uvavanyo lweScreen seThathu [ihlaziyiwe ngo-2016 Sep 2; ikhankanywe ngo-2017 Jun 5]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-3]. Ifumaneka kwi: http://americanpregnancy.org/prenatal-testing/triple-screen-test/
3. Amangcwaba JC, Miller KE, Abathengisi AD. Ukuvavanywa kweScreen soMama soMama okhulelweyo ekukhulelweni. NdinguGqirha weNdawo [kwi-Intanethi]. Ngo-2002 nge-Mar 1 [icatshulwe ngowama-2017 ngoJuni 5]; 65 (5): 915–921. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2002/0301/p915.html
4. Amayeza kaJohn Hopkins [kwi-Intanethi]. Unyango lukaJohn Hopkins; ILayibrari yezeMpilo: Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa [ucatshulwe ngo-2017 Jun 5]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-3]. Ifumaneka kwi: http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/pregnancy_and_childbirth/common_tests_during_pregnancy_85,p01241
5. Uvavanyo lweLebhu kwi-Intanethi [kwi-Intanethi]. IWashington DC: Umbutho waseMelika weKlinikhi yeKhemistry; c2001–2019. Ukuvavanywa kweSerum yoomama, isiBini sesiBini; [ihlaziywe ngo-2019 ngoMeyi 6; icatshulwe ngo-2019 Jun 4]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-2]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/maternal-serum-screening-second-trimester
6. Uvavanyo lweLebhu kwi-Intanethi [kwi-Intanethi]. Umbutho waseMelika weKhemesti yezonyango; c2001–2017. Uluhlu lwamagama: Ispina Bifida [icatshulwe ngo-2017 nge-5 kaJuni]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-3]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://labtestsonline.org/glossary/spina-bifida
7. Umdibaniso wencwadi yomsebenzisi yenguqulo [ye-Intanethi]. I-Kenilworth (NJ): iMerck kunye ne-Co Inc. .; c2017. Uvavanyo lokuqonda isifo ngaphambi kokuzalwa. kucatshulwe ngo-2019 ngoJuni 4]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-3]. Ifumaneka kwi: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/detection-of-genetic-disorders/prenatal-diagnostic-testing
8. IZiko leLizwe lokuqhubela phambili iiNzululwazi zoGuqulelo / ufuzo kunye neZifo eziNqabileyo iZiko loLwazi [kwi-Intanethi] IGaithersburg (MD): Isebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu; Iziphene ze-Neural Tube [zihlaziywa ngo-2013 uNov 6; ikhankanywe ngo-2017 Jun 5]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-3]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/4016/neural-tube-defects
9. Intliziyo kaZwelonke, iMiphunga, kunye neZiko leGazi [kwi-Intanethi]. I-Bethesda (MD): Isebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu; Zithini iingozi zovavanyo lwegazi? [ihlaziyiwe ngo-2012 Jan 6; ikhankanywe ngo-2017 Jun 5]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-5]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests#Risk-Factors
10. Intliziyo kaZwelonke, iMiphunga, kunye neZiko leGazi [kwi-Intanethi]. I-Bethesda (MD): Isebe lezeMpilo laseMelika kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu; Yintoni omawuyilindele kuvavanyo lwegazi [luhlaziyiwe 2012 Jan 6; ikhankanywe ngo-2017 Jun 5]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-4]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
11. IYunivesithi yaseRochester Medical Centre [i-Intanethi]. URochester (NY): KwiYunivesithi yaseRochester Medical Centre; c2017. I-Health Encyclopedia: I-Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) [icatshulwe ngo-2017 ngoJuni 5]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-2]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=90&contentid;=P02426
12. IYunivesithi yaseRochester Medical Centre [i-Intanethi]. URochester (NY): KwiYunivesithi yaseRochester Medical Centre; c2017. Health Encyclopedia: Alfa-fetoprotein (Igazi) [icatshuliwe ngo-2017 Jun 5]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-2]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid;=alpha_fetoprotein_maternal_blood
13. Ezempilo ze-UW [kwi-Intanethi]. Madison (WI): Izibhedlele zeYunivesithi yaseWisconsin kunye neGunya leKlinikhi; c2017. Ulwazi lwezeMpilo: I-Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) eseGazini [ihlaziyiwe ngo-2016 Juni 30; ikhankanywe ngo-2017 Jun 5]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-5]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-in-blood/hw1663.html
14. Ezempilo ze-UW [kwi-Intanethi]. Madison (WI): Izibhedlele zeYunivesithi yaseWisconsin kunye neGunya leKlinikhi; c2017. Ulwazi lwezeMpilo: Ukuvavanywa kathathu okanye kwe-Quad kwiziphene zokuzalwa [kuhlaziywe ngo-2016 Juni 30; ikhankanywe ngo-2017 Jun 5]; [malunga nezikrini ezi-5]. Ifumaneka kwi: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/special/maternal-serum-triple-or-quadruple-screening-test/ta7038.html#ta7038-sec

Ulwazi olukule ndawo akufuneki lusetyenziswe endaweni yonyango okanye iingcebiso. Nxibelelana nomboneleli wezempilo ukuba unemibuzo malunga nempilo yakho.