Ukugula kobude

Umxholo

• Ziintoni iimpawu?
• Zithini iintlobo zokugula okuphezulu?
• AMS
• HACE
• YONWABILE
• Yintoni ebangela ukugula okuphezulu?
• Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokugula kakhulu?
• Isifo sokuphakama sifunyaniswa njani?
• Sinyangwa njani isifo sokuphakama?
• Zeziphi iingxaki zokugula kakhulu?
• Ithini imbonakalo yexesha elide?
• Ngaba ungakuthintela ukugula okuphezulu?

Ushwankathelo

Xa unyuka intaba, uhamba intaba, uqhuba, okanye wenza nawuphi na umsebenzi kwindawo ephezulu, umzimba wakho usenokungafumani oksijini yaneleyo.

Ukungabikho kweoksijini kunokubangela ukugula okuphezulu. Ukugula kubude ngokubanzi kwenzeka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zeenyawo ezingama-8,000 nangaphezulu. Abantu abangaqhelananga nezi ndawo ziphakamileyo ngabona basesichengeni. Iimpawu zibandakanya intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokungalali.

Akufanele uthathe ukugula kwe-altitude kancinci. Le meko inokuba yingozi. Ukugula kubude akunakwenzeka ukuba uqikelele- nabani na kwindawo ephezulu angayifumana.

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Iimpawu zokugula okuphezulu zinokuvela kwangoko okanye ngokuthe ngcembe. Iimpawu zokugula okuphezulu zibandakanya:

• ukudinwa
• ukuphuthelwa
• intloko ebuhlungu
• isicaphucaphu
• ukugabha
• ukukhawuleza kwentliziyo
• ukuphefumla okufutshane (kunye okanye ngaphandle kokuzama)

Iimpawu ezinzulu zibandakanya:

• ukuguqulwa kolusu (utshintsho kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngwevu, okanye ngombala)
• ukudideka
• ukukhohlela
• ukukhohlela umchamo wegazi
• ukuqina kwesifuba
• ukuncipha kwengqondo
• ukungakwazi ukuhamba kumgca othe ngqo
• ukuphefumla kancinci xa uphumle

Zithini iintlobo zokugula okuphezulu?

Ukugula kubude buhlelwe baba ngamaqela amathathu:

AMS

Ukugula okuhlasela iintaba ngokukhawuleza (AMS) kuthathwa njengeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokugula. Iimpawu ze-AMS ziyafana kakhulu nokunxila.

HACE

I-edema ye-cerebral edema ephezulu (HACE) iyenzeka ukuba ukugula okuqaqambileyo kwentaba kuyaqhubeka. I-HACE luhlobo oluqatha lwe-AMS apho ingqondo idumbileyo ize iyeke ukusebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Iimpawu ze-HACE zifana ne-AMS eqatha. Ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zibandakanya:

• ukozela kakhulu
• ukudideka kunye nokucaphuka
• ingxaki yokuhamba

Ukuba ayinyangwa kwangoko, i-HACE inokubangela ukufa.

YONWABILE

I-edema ephezulu ye-pulmonary edema (HAPE) kukuqhubela phambili kwe-HACE, kodwa inokwenzeka iyodwa. Ulwelo oluninzi luyanda emiphungeni, lubenza nzima ukuba basebenze ngokwesiqhelo. Iimpawu ze-HAPE zibandakanya:

• ukwanda kokuphefumla ngexesha lomthambo
• ukukhohlela kakhulu
• ubuthathaka

Ukuba i-HAPE ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza ngokunciphisa ukuphakama okanye ukusebenzisa ioksijini, inokubangela ukufa.

Yintoni ebangela ukugula okuphezulu?

Ukuba umzimba wakho awuhambelani nokuphakama okuphezulu, unokufumana ukugula okuphezulu. Njengoko ukuphakama kukwanda, umoya uya uncipha kwaye unciphise ioksijini. Ukugula kobude buqheleke kakhulu kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezingaphezulu kweenyawo ezingama-8,000. Iipesenti ezingama-20 zabakhenkethi, abagibeli be-skiers, kunye nabahambahambayo abaya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo phakathi kwama-8,000 no-18,000 iinyawo bafumana ukugula. Inani landa ukuya kwiipesenti ezingama-50 ekuphakameni okungaphezulu kweenyawo ezili-18,000.

Ngubani osemngciphekweni wokugula kakhulu?

Usemngciphekweni ophantsi ukuba awuzange ubeneziqendu zangaphambili zokugula kwendawo. Umngcipheko wakho nawo usezantsi ukuba uyonyusa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuphakama kwakho. Ukuthatha ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezimbini ukunyuka i-8,200 ukuya kwi-9,800 iinyawo kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

Umngcipheko wakho uyonyuka ukuba unembali yokugula kwendawo. Usengozini enkulu ukuba unyuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye unyuke ngaphezu kweenyawo ezili-1,600 ngosuku.

Isifo sokuphakama sifunyaniswa njani?

Ugqirha wakho uyakukucela uthotho lwemibuzo ukuze ujonge iimpawu zokugula okuphezulu. Baza kuphulaphula isifuba sakho usebenzisa i-stethoscope ukuba unomphefumlo omfutshane. Ukuxokozela okanye ukugqabhuka kwezandi emiphungeni yakho kunokubonisa ukuba kukho ulwelo kuzo. Oku kufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ugqirha wakho unokwenza i-X-ray yesifuba ukukhangela imiqondiso yokuwa kolwelo okanye kwemiphunga.

Sinyangwa njani isifo sokuphakama?

Ukuhla kwangoko kunokunciphisa iimpawu zokuqala zokugula kwindawo. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka ufune unyango ukuba uneempawu eziphambili zesifo sentaba ebukhali.

Amayeza e-acetazolamide anokunciphisa iimpawu zokugula kwindawo ephezulu kwaye ancede ukuphucula ukuphefumla okusebenzayo. Unokunikwa kwakhona i-steroid dexamethasone.

Olunye unyango lubandakanya i-lung inhaler, amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi (nifedipine), kunye neyeza le-phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwimithambo kwimiphunga yakho. Umatshini wokuphefumla unokubonelela ngoncedo ukuba awukwazi ukuphefumla ngokwakho.

Zeziphi iingxaki zokugula kakhulu?

Iingxaki zokugula okuphezulu zibandakanya:

• i-edema yemiphunga (ulwelo kwimiphunga)
• ukudumba kwengqondo
• ikhoma
• ukufa

Ithini imbonakalo yexesha elide?

Abantu abanamatyala amancinci okugula okuphakamileyo baya kuphila ukuba inyangwa ngokukhawuleza. Iimeko eziphambili zokugula kubude kunzima ukunyanga kwaye zifuna ukhathalelo olungxamisekileyo. Abantu abakweli nqanaba lokugula kwindawo ephezulu basemngciphekweni wokufa isiqaqa kunye nokufa ngenxa yokudumba kwengqondo kunye nokungakwazi ukuphefumla.

Ngaba ungakuthintela ukugula okuphezulu?

Yazi iimpawu zokugula kwindawo ephezulu ngaphambi kokuba unyuke. Ungaze uye kwindawo ephezulu yokulala ukuba ufumana iimpawu. Yehla ukuba iimpawu ziba zimbi ngelixa uphumle. Ukuhlala kakuhle ngamanzi kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhula kokugula okuphezulu. Kwakhona, kuya kufuneka unciphise okanye uphephe utywala kunye necaffeine, njengoko zombini zinokuba negalelo ekuphelisweni komzimba.