I-America's Deadly Sugar Addiction ifikelele kumanqanaba obhubhane

Umxholo

• Uninzi lwethu lutya iidizethi kathathu ngemini-kwaye asazi nokwazi oko.
• Iiswiti ekutyeni kwethu
• Ukumisela ixabiso lemihla ngemihla
• Ukunyuka kweeSuars ezongeziweyo
• Imbali yeSwekile
• Hayi 'Iikhalori ezingenanto'
• Ukumisela ixabiso lemihla ngemihla
• Ukunyuka kweeSuars ezongeziweyo
• Imbali yeSwekile
• Hayi 'Iikhalori ezingenanto'
• Ukumisela ixabiso lemihla ngemihla
• Ukunyuka kweeSuars ezongeziweyo
• Imbali yeSwekile
• Hayi 'Iikhalori ezingenanto'

Uninzi lwethu lutya iidizethi kathathu ngemini-kwaye asazi nokwazi oko.

Iswekile kunye nezinye izinto eziswiti zezona zithako ziphambili kwezinye zeziphuzo zaseMelika kunye nokutya. Kwaye ziye zazinziswa kukutya kwaseMelika, kuthathelwa ingqalelo umndilili waseMelika odla malunga neetispuni ezingama-20, okanye iigramu ezingama-80, zeswekile ngosuku. Izinto eziswiti ngumthombo okuyo yonke indawo wekhalori kukutya kwaseNtshona. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku iingcali ziyaxoxa, iilekese zinegalelo kwizifo eziphambili.

Umzimba womntu wawungeyilelwanga ukuba uqhubekeke kula manqanaba ezinto eziswiti, njengoko kubonakala ngokunyuka kwamaza ezifo ezinxulumene nawo. Ngaphandle kwemingxunya, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweswiti ngokuthe ngqo kunegalelo kuphuhliso lwesifo seswekile sesi-2, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nesifo esinamafutha esingatyisi, ekulindeleke ukuba siphendule uninzi lwezicelo zokufakelwa kwesibindi eMelika.

Ayizizo ezo zokuphatha amaxesha ngamaxesha ezineengcali zonyango ezichaphazelekayo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwemihla ngemihla kuninzi lwabantu baseMelika. Ugqirha Alan Greene, ugqirha wabantwana ohleli kwibhodi yeZiko leZondlo eziPhendulayo, uthi iziselo ezineswekile, kunye neekeyiki, amaqebengwana, kunye ne-ayisi khrim, zezona zinto ziphambili, kodwa imithombo efihliweyo yeswekile eyongezelelweyo ikwayinto exhalabisayo. . "Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba abantu baseMelika bafumana i-dessert amatyeli aliqela ngosuku kwaye abazi," uxelele i-Healthline.

Iiswiti ekutyeni kwethu

Ngelixa kukho izoyikiso ezicacileyo zeswekile eyongeziweyo, njengetispuni yeswekile kwikofu yakho okanye isitya somntwana wakho sokutya, zininzi ezinye iindlela ezongezekileyo zokuthambisa kwiswekile yaseMelika. Ukuqala usuku lwakho ngento efana neyogathi enamafutha asezantsi, incindi yeziqhamo, isiriyeli, okanye ibha yegranola inokuvakala njengokukhetha okuhle, kodwa oku kutya kunesandi okunempilo kunokupakisha iswekile efihliweyo.

Ngokutya, abona baphuli-mthetho bayacaca: iisiraphu, iilekese, iikeyiki, iicookies, kunye nedessert yobisi njenge ice cream. Ikhekhe enye yokubamba iindwendwe, apho amaMelika atya izigidi ezingama-600 ngonyaka, iqulethe iigram ezingama-21 zeswekile. IiRoll ezimbini zeCake zaseSwitzerland eziNcinci ziqulethe iigram ezingama-27, ezifanayo neebar Snickers. I-M & Nks, iilekese ezithengisa kakhulu e-United States, iqulethe i-30 gram yeswekile ngokusebenza, ingathethi iipesenti ezingama-30 zexabiso lemihla ngemihla lamafutha agcweleyo.

Ukumisela ixabiso lemihla ngemihla

Ngelixa oku kutya konke kudwelisa umxholo weswekile kwileyibhile yabo yesondlo, sesinye isithako esingenaxabiso lemihla ngemihla eliqhotyoshelwe kuyo. Amaqela afana ne-American Heart Association (AHA) kunye noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) bacebisa ukuba ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezili-10 zokutya komntu zivela kwiswekile ezongeziweyo. Ngokufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabasetyhini akufuneki lusebenzise ngaphezulu kwe-100 yeekhalori kwiswekile ngosuku, okanye malunga neetispuni ezintandathu. Kumadoda, ziikhalori ezili-150, okanye iitispuni ezilithoba. Njengokuba icephe elinye linee gram ezine zeswekile, ikomityi yeencindi ze-apile zentengiso-nditsho nezo zibhalwe iipesenti ezili-100 zejusi-ziya kukunceda ukuba uphume usuku.

Ngomhla ka-Meyi, i-FDA, eza kuthi ifike ngoJulayi 2018 iyakubandakanya iswekile iyonke kwaye yongezwe echazwe njengexabiso lemihla ngemihla, intshukumo evakaliswe ziingcali zezesondlo kwaye ikhaliswa ngabo bakushishino lweswiti. Kodwa kunqabile ukuba utshintsho kummiselo luze ngaphandle kokubuyela umva kwabo bafumana inzuzo ngokuthengisa izinto ezimnandi.

Ngo-2002, i-WHO yakhupha i-TRS 196, uxwebhu oluvavanye iindlela ezilungileyo zesicwangciso-qhinga sehlabathi sendlela yokunciphisa izifo ezingasuleliyo. Esinye isincomo yayikukunciphisa iswekile yokutya ukuya ngaphantsi kweepesenti ze-10 yeekhalori zomntu zemihla ngemihla. Ingxelo ihlaselwe ngabavelisi beswekile ngokwenzululwazi kunye nokucinga kwabo, kwavusa elinye idabi phakathi kwezenzululwazi zezempilo kunye noshishino lokutya.

Amaqela afana noMbutho weSwekile, uMbutho wabaCoci beCorners, uMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe woKutya iiMveliso zoMveliso zoMmbila, kunye noMbutho weSnack Food Association babhala iileta bekhalazela ingcebiso ngezizathu zokuba kwakungekho bungqina baneleyo bokuxhasa amabango. "Babanga ukuba akukho kutya kungalunganga, kuphela kukutya okungalunganga, kwaye oku kungenxa yokuzikhethela," utshilo uNorway, uKaare R. Norum, uprofesa kwiYunivesithi yaseOlso, wabhala ngokushishina ngoshishino.

Umzi-mveliso weswekile waya kude ubuze uTommy Thompson, emva koko-e-U.S. Unobhala wezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu, ukubamba intlawulo yase-US kwi-WHO ukuba ingxelo ipapashiwe. Eli nyathelo lalithelekiswa nobugwenxa kwaye lijongwa njengembi kunalo naliphi na iqhinga elisetyenziswe kwishishini lecuba.

Yapapashwa kwaye akukho mali ibanjiweyo.

Ukunyuka kweeSuars ezongeziweyo

Iswekile sele ijolise ekujoliseni kwezondlo, njenge-cholesterol kunye namafutha agcweleyo nangaphambi kwayo. Ngexesha lokulungiswa kokutya, izondlo ezibalulekileyo kunye nefayibha ziyasuswa ngelixa iswekile yongezwa ukuyenza inencasa. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje oluvela kwiBritish Medical Journal lufumanise ukuba ukutya okugqitywe kakhulu-ezo zinezinto zokwenziwa ezenziweyo zenza iipesenti ezingama-58 zeekhalori ezisetyenzisiweyo, iipesenti ezingama-90 zazo zongezwa iswekile. Ngokubanzi, abaphandi bafumanise, ngaphezulu kweepesenti ze-82 zabantu abangama-9,317 abaphononongiweyo bagqitha kwiipesenti ezili-10 zeekhalori ezivela kwiswekile.

Iswekile, iyodwa, ayinguye umtyholi ekhabhathini, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo okugqithileyo kuneengcali ezininzi ezikhathazekile ngempilo yesizwe sethu. Omnye wabagxeki abakhulu ngalo mbandela nguGqirha Robert Lustig, ugqirha wezonyango endocrinologist kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Francisco, kunye nomsunguli weZiko leZondlo eziXanduva. Akanantloni ukubiza ubukho beswekile kukutya kwaseMelika ityhefu okanye ityhefu.

"Sifuna utshintsho kunikezelo lokutya," utshilo uLustig kwiHealthline. “Asifuni shukela ukuze siphile. Akukho mntu uyenzayo. ”

Imbali yeSwekile

Iswekile yinxalenye yokutya kwabantu kangangeenkulungwane. Wakha wagqalwa njengobutofotofo, uChristopher Columbus wade weza nezityalo "zegolide emhlophe" kuhambo lwakhe lwango-1492 lokuya eMntla Merika, kwaye isivuno sommoba sachuma. Ngama-1800s, umndilili waseMelika wasebenzisa iiponti ezi-4 zeswekile ngonyaka. Isisesona sityalo sikhulu semali ehlabathini kunye nenxalenye phantse yayo yonke inkcubeko kwiplanethi.

Kodwa xa sithetha ngeswekile, asithethi nje ngeswekile yetafile eyenziwe ngomoba kunye neebhitruthi, kodwa nazo zenziwe ngombona, njengesiraphu yengqolowa kunye nesiraphu yengqolowa ephezulu-fructose. Yonke into exeliweyo, iswekile yaziwa ngamagama angama-56, nayiphi na inokuthi ivele kwiilebheli zokutya. Yongeza zonke ezo zinto zifunyenwe phantsi kwesambulela se-caloric sweeteners kwaye ngo-1999, amaMerika ayedla iipilisi ezili-155 ze-caloric sweeteners ngonyaka, okanye malunga neetapuni ezingama-52 ngosuku, ngokweSebe lezoLimo lase-US (USDA).

Ngoku umndilili wonyaka osetyenziswa eMelika umalunga neepawundi ezili-105 ngonyaka, uphawu lokuba isimo sengqondo sabathengi malunga nezinto ezimhlophe sele siqalisile ukutshintsha.

“Ngandlel 'ithile, iswekile yeyona nto iphambili ekudleni kokutya. Ivela kwiindawo ezingalindelekanga, ezinje nge-pizza, isonka, izinja ezishushu, irayisi edityanisiweyo, isuphu, ispaghetti isosi, inyama yasemini, imifuno enkonkxiweyo, iziselo zeziqhamo, iyogathi enencasa, isoso, isaladi yokunxiba, imayonnaise, kunye namandongomane ibhotolo ”

Ukususela ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2009, iipesenti ezingama-77 zazo zonke iikhalori ezithengiweyo e-US ziqulethe i-caloric sweeteners, ngo-2012 kwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina eChapel Hill. Bafunyenwe kuninzi lweendawo onokuzilindela-amashwamshwam amnandi, iipie, iicookies, iikeyiki, kunye neswekile-iziselo ezinencasa- kodwa nakwizinto ekulungele ukutyiwa ukutya okuziinkozo kunye negranola, iproteni kunye nemivalo yamandla, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla. . Isiraphu yengqolowa sesona siswiti sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike yokutya yase-U.S. Ilandelwa ngamazimba, iswekile yommoba, isiraphu yengqolowa ene-high-fructose, kunye nomxube wejusi yeziqhamo.

"Bakukutya okucutshungulwayo okunje ngeyogathi, njenge-barbecue sauce, i-ketchup, i-hamburger buns, inyama ye-hamburger," utshilo uLustig. "Phantse yonke into kwivenkile yokutya igcwele iswekile eyongeziweyo, ngenjongo, ngumzi mveliso wokutya, kuba bayazi ukuba xa beyongeza uyathenga ngakumbi."

Hayi 'Iikhalori ezingenanto'

Ke zeziphi ezilungileyo kuwe, iswekile okanye iilekese ezisekwe kumbona?

Esi yayisisiseko somgwebo phakathi kweshishini leswekile kunye nabenzi besiraphu yengqolowa ephezulu. Bobabini bathi omnye uthethe kakubi omnye komnye kwizibhengezo, kubandakanya nentengiso yesiraphu yengqolowa yokuba zonke iiswekile ziyafana kwaye "Umzimba wakho awunokwazi umahluko." Emva kweminyaka besezinkundleni, eli tyala lagqitywa laya eLos Angeles ngo-Novemba ophelileyo, kodwa nge-20 kaNovemba ngo-Novemba, la maqela mabini abhengeza ukuba bafikelele kwisivumelwano esasiyimfihlo. I-FDA, nangona kunjalo, iswekile, nokuba ivela kumbona, ii-beet okanye ummoba, ngokufanayo ziyafana kwaye icebisa ukuba wonke umntu anciphise ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonke.

Izinto ezininzi eziswiti zingakhokelela kwizifo. Mncinci kakhulu? Ewe, akukho nto injalo.

Iswekile ngokwendalo, njengalezo ziziqhamo okanye iimveliso zobisi, zinika iingcali inkxalabo encinci kuba nazo zizisa ifayibha, izimbiwa kunye nezinye izakha mzimba. U-Greene uthi ngelixa kunqabile ukubona umntu esitya ii-apile ezintlanu zilandelelana, akuqhelekanga ukubona umntu edla inqanaba leswekile elifanayo, ukuba akunjalo, ngelixa etya iicookies okanye esela isoda.

"Inkqubo ixutywe ngala manqanaba ayilungiselelwe ukujongana nayo," watsho.

Iswekile ecoliweyo kunye nezinye izinto eziswiti-kubandakanya isiraphu yengqolowa ene-fructose ephezulu kunye nezinye iiswekile ezongeziweyo ngesimamva -ukunikezela ngeekhalori kuphela kwaye akukho xabiso lesondlo. Ebhalwe "iikhalori ezingenanto," iingcali zithi iikhalori zeswekile azinanto kwaye zenza umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni womntu kunokuba zaziqonda. Zizinto ezincinci zokutya ezingenamandla, oku kuthetha ukuba kunika amandla amaninzi kodwa akukho nto enye into efunwa ngumzimba. Kwaye ukuba awutshisi loo mandla, umzimba wakho uwuguqulela ube ngamanqatha. Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuza kwifom engamanzi kuba umzimba awuziva ugcwele, ngokungathi batyiwe ngendlela eqinileyo.

Umbuzo ngowokuba kutheni iswekile ingako kuko konke ukutya, nakuzo zonke iiresiphi, nakuko konke ukutya okwenziweyo? ” Utshilo uLustig. “Kwaye impendulo kukuba iswekile iyathengisa. Kwaye ndiyazi ukuba iyathengisa, kodwa ngelishwa, njengoko sifundile, ayikulungelanga. "

Jonga ukuba kutheni ilixesha #BreakUpWithSugar

Umzekelo, isitya esine-ounce ye-Dannon Yonke i-Yogurt yeNdalo ePhantsi yeYogurt iqulethe iigram ezili-12 zeswekile. Iglasi ye-8-ounce yeTropicana Pure Premium juice yejusi iqulethe iigram ezingama-22 zeswekile.

Ipakethi enebha ezimbini zeNdalo Valley Oats ‘n’ iHoney Granola neeBhari ineegram ezili-11 zeswekile. (Ubusi siswiti sesibini esimnandi emva kweswekile. Imivalo iqulethe isiraphu emdaka eswekile.) Ngelixa ileyibhile isithi "yendalo," "inyulu," kunye "nendalo," amagama e-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) awalawuli. , Zonke ezi zibalwa njengemithombo yeswekile eyongeziweyo.

Kodwa isidlo sakusasa sisiqalo nje.

Ngokupheleleyo, ukutya okupheleleyo kwekhalori kuvela kwiswekile eyongeziweyo. Okwesithathu kuvela kwiziselo ezineswekile, kubandakanya iziselo, iziselo zemidlalo, kunye neziselo zeziqhamo. Ibhotile enye ye-20-ounce yeCoca-Cola, eyona soda ithengiswa kakhulu emhlabeni, iqulethe i-65 gram yeswekile. Ubungakanani obufanayo bePepsi ineegram ezingama-69, kwaye iindidi "zeswekile yokwenyani" ineegram ezingama-66. I-20-ounce iGatorade ine-34 yeegramu zeswekile. Kodwa iziselo ezineswekile ezinombhalo wejusi zihlala zineswekile engaphezulu ngeesunce kuninzi lwee-sodas kwintengiso. Umzekelo, i-ounce eli-11.5 linakho leNcinci iMaid Cranberry Apple Cocktail- "yenziwe ngejusi yeziqhamo yokwenyani" -ineegram ezingama-58 zeswekile, ngelixa i-ounce elinesi-12 lePepsi linama-41 gram.

Ngokutya, abona baphuli-mthetho bayacaca: iisiraphu, iilekese, iikeyiki, iicookies, kunye nedessert yobisi njenge ice cream. Ikhekhe enye yokubamba iindwendwe, apho amaMelika atya izigidi ezingama-600 ngonyaka, iqulethe iigram ezingama-21 zeswekile. IiRoll ezimbini zeCake zaseSwitzerland eziNcinci ziqulethe iigram ezingama-27, ezifanayo neebar Snickers. I-M & Nks, iilekese ezithengisa kakhulu e-United States, iqulethe i-30 gram yeswekile ngokusebenza, ingathethi iipesenti ezingama-30 zexabiso lemihla ngemihla lamafutha agcweleyo.

Ukumisela ixabiso lemihla ngemihla

Ngelixa oku kutya konke kudwelisa umxholo weswekile kwileyibhile yabo yesondlo, sesinye isithako esingenaxabiso lemihla ngemihla eliqhotyoshelwe kuyo. Amaqela afana ne-American Heart Association (AHA) kunye noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) bacebisa ukuba ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezili-10 zokutya komntu zivela kwiswekile ezongeziweyo. Ngokufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabasetyhini akufuneki lusebenzise ngaphezulu kwe-100 yeekhalori kwiswekile ngosuku, okanye malunga neetispuni ezintandathu. Kumadoda, ziikhalori ezili-150, okanye iitispuni ezilithoba. Njengokuba icephe elinye linee gram ezine zeswekile, ikomityi yeencindi ze-apile zentengiso-nditsho nezo zibhalwe iipesenti ezili-100 zejusi-ziya kukunceda ukuba uphume usuku.

Ngomhla ka-Meyi, i-FDA, eza kuthi ifike ngoJulayi 2018 iyakubandakanya iswekile iyonke kwaye yongezwe echazwe njengexabiso lemihla ngemihla, intshukumo evakaliswe ziingcali zezesondlo kwaye ikhaliswa ngabo bakushishino lweswiti. Kodwa kunqabile ukuba utshintsho kummiselo luze ngaphandle kokubuyela umva kwabo bafumana inzuzo ngokuthengisa izinto ezimnandi.

Ngo-2002, i-WHO yakhupha i-TRS 196, uxwebhu oluvavanye iindlela ezilungileyo zesicwangciso-qhinga sehlabathi sendlela yokunciphisa izifo ezingasuleliyo. Esinye isincomo yayikukunciphisa iswekile yokutya ukuya ngaphantsi kweepesenti ze-10 yeekhalori zomntu zemihla ngemihla. Ingxelo ihlaselwe ngabavelisi beswekile ngokwenzululwazi kunye nokucinga kwabo, kwavusa elinye idabi phakathi kwezenzululwazi zezempilo kunye noshishino lokutya.

Amaqela afana noMbutho weSwekile, uMbutho wabaCoci beCorners, uMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe woKutya iiMveliso zoMveliso zoMmbila, kunye noMbutho weSnack Food Association babhala iileta bekhalazela ingcebiso ngezizathu zokuba kwakungekho bungqina baneleyo bokuxhasa amabango. "Babanga ukuba akukho kutya kungalunganga, kuphela kukutya okungalunganga, kwaye oku kungenxa yokuzikhethela," utshilo uNorway, uKaare R. Norum, uprofesa kwiYunivesithi yaseOlso, wabhala ngokushishina ngoshishino.

Umzi-mveliso weswekile waya kude ubuze uTommy Thompson, emva koko-e-U.S. Unobhala wezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu, ukubamba intlawulo yase-US kwi-WHO ukuba ingxelo ipapashiwe. Eli nyathelo lalithelekiswa nobugwenxa kwaye lijongwa njengembi kunalo naliphi na iqhinga elisetyenziswe kwishishini lecuba.

Yapapashwa kwaye akukho mali ibanjiweyo.

Ukunyuka kweeSuars ezongeziweyo

Iswekile sele ijolise ekujoliseni kwezondlo, njenge-cholesterol kunye namafutha agcweleyo nangaphambi kwayo. Ngexesha lokulungiswa kokutya, izondlo ezibalulekileyo kunye nefayibha ziyasuswa ngelixa iswekile yongezwa ukuyenza inencasa. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje oluvela kwiBritish Medical Journal lufumanise ukuba ukutya okugqitywe kakhulu-ezo zinezinto zokwenziwa ezenziweyo zenza iipesenti ezingama-58 zeekhalori ezisetyenzisiweyo, iipesenti ezingama-90 zazo zongezwa iswekile. Ngokubanzi, abaphandi bafumanise, ngaphezulu kweepesenti ze-82 zabantu abangama-9,317 abaphononongiweyo bagqitha kwiipesenti ezili-10 zeekhalori ezivela kwiswekile.

Iswekile, iyodwa, ayinguye umtyholi ekhabhathini, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo okugqithileyo kuneengcali ezininzi ezikhathazekile ngempilo yesizwe sethu. Omnye wabagxeki abakhulu ngalo mbandela nguGqirha Robert Lustig, ugqirha wezonyango endocrinologist kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Francisco, kunye nomsunguli weZiko leZondlo eziXanduva. Akanantloni ukubiza ubukho beswekile kukutya kwaseMelika ityhefu okanye ityhefu.

"Sifuna utshintsho kunikezelo lokutya," utshilo uLustig kwiHealthline. “Asifuni shukela ukuze siphile. Akukho mntu uyenzayo. ”

Imbali yeSwekile

Iswekile yinxalenye yokutya kwabantu kangangeenkulungwane. Wakha wagqalwa njengobutofotofo, uChristopher Columbus wade weza nezityalo "zegolide emhlophe" kuhambo lwakhe lwango-1492 lokuya eMntla Merika, kwaye isivuno sommoba sachuma. Ngama-1800s, umndilili waseMelika wasebenzisa iiponti ezi-4 zeswekile ngonyaka. Isisesona sityalo sikhulu semali ehlabathini kunye nenxalenye phantse yayo yonke inkcubeko kwiplanethi.

Kodwa xa sithetha ngeswekile, asithethi nje ngeswekile yetafile eyenziwe ngomoba kunye neebhitruthi, kodwa nazo zenziwe ngombona, njengesiraphu yengqolowa kunye nesiraphu yengqolowa ephezulu-fructose. Yonke into exeliweyo, iswekile yaziwa ngamagama angama-56, nayiphi na inokuthi ivele kwiilebheli zokutya. Yongeza zonke ezo zinto zifunyenwe phantsi kwesambulela se-caloric sweeteners kwaye ngo-1999, amaMerika ayedla iipilisi ezili-155 ze-caloric sweeteners ngonyaka, okanye malunga neetapuni ezingama-52 ngosuku, ngokweSebe lezoLimo lase-US (USDA).

Ngoku umndilili wonyaka osetyenziswa eMelika umalunga neepawundi ezili-105 ngonyaka, uphawu lokuba isimo sengqondo sabathengi malunga nezinto ezimhlophe sele siqalisile ukutshintsha.

“Ngandlel 'ithile, iswekile yeyona nto iphambili ekudleni kokutya. Ivela kwiindawo ezingalindelekanga, ezinje nge-pizza, isonka, izinja ezishushu, irayisi edityanisiweyo, isuphu, ispaghetti isosi, inyama yasemini, imifuno enkonkxiweyo, iziselo zeziqhamo, iyogathi enencasa, isoso, isaladi yokunxiba, imayonnaise, kunye namandongomane ibhotolo ”

Ukususela ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2009, iipesenti ezingama-77 zazo zonke iikhalori ezithengiweyo e-US ziqulethe i-caloric sweeteners, ngo-2012 kwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina eChapel Hill. Bafunyenwe kuninzi lweendawo onokuzilindela-amashwamshwam amnandi, iipie, iicookies, iikeyiki, kunye neswekile-iziselo ezinencasa- kodwa nakwizinto ekulungele ukutyiwa ukutya okuziinkozo kunye negranola, iproteni kunye nemivalo yamandla, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla. . Isiraphu yengqolowa sesona siswiti sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike yokutya yase-U.S. Ilandelwa ngamazimba, iswekile yommoba, isiraphu yengqolowa ene-high-fructose, kunye nomxube wejusi yeziqhamo.

"Bakukutya okucutshungulwayo okunje ngeyogathi, njenge-barbecue sauce, i-ketchup, i-hamburger buns, inyama ye-hamburger," utshilo uLustig. "Phantse yonke into kwivenkile yokutya igcwele iswekile eyongeziweyo, ngenjongo, ngumzi mveliso wokutya, kuba bayazi ukuba xa beyongeza uyathenga ngakumbi."

Hayi 'Iikhalori ezingenanto'

Ke zeziphi ezilungileyo kuwe, iswekile okanye iilekese ezisekwe kumbona?

Esi yayisisiseko somgwebo phakathi kweshishini leswekile kunye nabenzi besiraphu yengqolowa ephezulu. Bobabini bathi omnye uthethe kakubi omnye komnye kwizibhengezo, kubandakanya nentengiso yesiraphu yengqolowa yokuba zonke iiswekile ziyafana kwaye "Umzimba wakho awunokwazi umahluko." Emva kweminyaka besezinkundleni, eli tyala lagqitywa laya eLos Angeles ngo-Novemba ophelileyo, kodwa nge-20 kaNovemba ngo-Novemba, la maqela mabini abhengeza ukuba bafikelele kwisivumelwano esasiyimfihlo. I-FDA, nangona kunjalo, iswekile, nokuba ivela kumbona, ii-beet okanye umoba, ngokufanayo ziyafana kwaye icebisa ukuba wonke umntu anciphise ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonke.

Izinto ezininzi eziswiti zingakhokelela kwizifo. Mncinci kakhulu? Ewe, akukho nto injalo.

Iswekile ngokwendalo, njengalezo ziziqhamo okanye iimveliso zobisi, zinika iingcali inkxalabo encinci kuba nazo zizisa ifayibha, izimbiwa kunye nezinye izakha mzimba. U-Greene uthi ngelixa kunqabile ukubona umntu esitya ii-apile ezintlanu zilandelelana, akuqhelekanga ukubona umntu edla inqanaba leswekile elifanayo, ukuba akunjalo, ngelixa etya iicookies okanye esela isoda.

"Inkqubo ixutywe ngala manqanaba ayilungiselelwe ukujongana nayo," watsho.

Iswekile ecoliweyo kunye nezinye izinto eziswiti-kubandakanya isiraphu yengqolowa ene-fructose ephezulu kunye nezinye iiswekile ezongeziweyo ngesimamva -ukunikezela ngeekhalori kuphela kwaye akukho xabiso lesondlo. Ebhalwe "iikhalori ezingenanto," iingcali zithi iikhalori zeswekile azinanto kwaye zenza umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni womntu kunokuba zaziqonda. Zizinto ezincinci zokutya ezingenamandla, oku kuthetha ukuba kunika amandla amaninzi kodwa akukho nto enye into efunwa ngumzimba. Kwaye ukuba awutshisi loo mandla, umzimba wakho uwuguqulela ube ngamanqatha. Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuza kwifom engamanzi kuba umzimba awuziva ugcwele, ngokungathi batyiwe ngendlela eqinileyo.

Umbuzo ngowokuba kutheni iswekile ingako kuko konke ukutya, nakuzo zonke iiresiphi, nakuko konke ukutya okwenziweyo? ” Utshilo uLustig. “Kwaye impendulo kukuba iswekile iyathengisa. Kwaye ndiyazi ukuba iyathengisa, kodwa ngelishwa, njengoko sifundile, ayikulungelanga. "

Jonga ukuba kutheni ilixesha #BreakUpWithSugar

Umzekelo, isitya esine-ounce ye-Dannon Yonke i-Yogurt yeNdalo yeNdalo i-Yogurt ine-12 yeeswekile. Iglasi ye-8-ounce yeTropicana Pure Premium juice yejusi iqulethe iigram ezingama-22 zeswekile.

Ipakethi enebha ezimbini zeNdalo Valley Oats ‘n’ iHoney Granola neeBhari ineegram ezili-11 zeswekile. (Ubusi siswiti sesibini esimnandi emva kweswekile. Imivalo iqulethe isiraphu emdaka eswekile.) Ngelixa ileyibhile isithi "yendalo," "inyulu," kunye "nendalo," amagama e-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) awalawuli. , Zonke ezi zibalwa njengemithombo yeswekile eyongeziweyo.

Kodwa isidlo sakusasa sisiqalo nje.

Ngokupheleleyo, ukutya okupheleleyo kwekhalori kuvela kwiswekile eyongeziweyo. Okwesithathu kuvela kwiziselo ezineswekile, kubandakanya iziselo, iziselo zemidlalo, kunye neziselo zeziqhamo. Ibhotile enye ye-20-ounce yeCoca-Cola, eyona soda ithengiswa kakhulu emhlabeni, iqulethe i-65 gram yeswekile. Ubungakanani obufanayo bePepsi ineegram ezingama-69, kwaye iindidi "zeswekile yokwenyani" ineegram ezingama-66. I-20-ounce iGatorade ine-34 gram yeswekile. Kodwa iziselo ezineswekile ezinombhalo wejusi zihlala zineswekile engaphezulu nge-ounce kunezinye ii-sodas ezininzi kwintengiso. Umzekelo, i-ounce eli-11.5 linakho leNcinci iMaid Cranberry Apple Cocktail- "yenziwe ngejusi yeziqhamo yokwenyani" -ineegram ezingama-58 zeswekile, ngelixa i-ounce elinesi-12 lePepsi linama-41 gram.

Ngokutya, abona baphuli-mthetho bayacaca: iisiraphu, iilekese, iikeyiki, iicookies, kunye nedessert yobisi njenge ice cream. Ikhekhe enye yokubamba iindwendwe, apho amaMelika atya izigidi ezingama-600 ngonyaka, iqulethe iigram ezingama-21 zeswekile. IiRoll ezimbini zeCake zaseSwitzerland eziNcinci ziqulethe iigram ezingama-27, ezifanayo neebar Snickers. I-M & Nks, iilekese ezithengisa kakhulu e-United States, iqulethe i-30 gram yeswekile ngokusebenza, ingathethi iipesenti ezingama-30 zexabiso lemihla ngemihla lamafutha agcweleyo.

Ukumisela ixabiso lemihla ngemihla

Ngelixa oku kutya konke kudwelisa umxholo weswekile kwileyibhile yabo yesondlo, sesinye isithako esingenaxabiso lemihla ngemihla eliqhotyoshelwe kuyo. Amaqela afana ne-American Heart Association (AHA) kunye noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) bacebisa ukuba ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezili-10 zokutya komntu zivela kwiswekile ezongeziweyo. Ngokufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabasetyhini akufuneki lusebenzise ngaphezulu kwe-100 yeekhalori kwiswekile ngosuku, okanye malunga neetispuni ezintandathu. Kumadoda, ziikhalori ezili-150, okanye iitispuni ezilithoba. Njengokuba icephe elinye linee gram ezine zeswekile, ikomityi yeencindi ze-apile zentengiso-nditsho nezo zibhalwe iipesenti ezili-100 zejusi-ziya kukunceda ukuba uphume usuku.

Ngomhla ka-Meyi, i-FDA, eza kuthi ifike ngoJulayi 2018 iyakubandakanya iswekile iyonke kwaye yongezwe echazwe njengexabiso lemihla ngemihla, intshukumo evakaliswe ziingcali zezesondlo kwaye ikhaliswa ngabo bakushishino lweswiti. Kodwa kunqabile ukuba utshintsho kummiselo luze ngaphandle kokubuyela umva kwabo bafumana inzuzo ngokuthengisa izinto ezimnandi.

Ngo-2002, i-WHO yakhupha i-TRS 196, uxwebhu oluvavanye iindlela ezilungileyo zesicwangciso-qhinga sehlabathi sendlela yokunciphisa izifo ezingasuleliyo. Esinye isincomo yayikukunciphisa iswekile yokutya ukuya ngaphantsi kweepesenti ze-10 yeekhalori zomntu zemihla ngemihla. Ingxelo ihlaselwe ngabavelisi beswekile ngokwenzululwazi kunye nokucinga kwabo, kwavusa elinye idabi phakathi kwezenzululwazi zezempilo kunye noshishino lokutya.

Amaqela afana noMbutho weSwekile, uMbutho wabaCoci beCorners, uMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe woKutya iiMveliso zoMveliso zoMmbila, kunye noMbutho weSnack Food Association babhala iileta bekhalazela ingcebiso ngezizathu zokuba kwakungekho bungqina baneleyo bokuxhasa amabango. "Babanga ukuba akukho kutya kungalunganga, kuphela kukutya okungalunganga, kwaye oku kungenxa yokuzikhethela," utshilo uNorway, uKaare R. Norum, uprofesa kwiYunivesithi yaseOlso, wabhala ngokushishina ngoshishino.

Umzi-mveliso weswekile waya kude ubuze uTommy Thompson, emva koko-e-U.S. Unobhala wezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu, ukubamba intlawulo yase-US kwi-WHO ukuba ingxelo ipapashiwe. Eli nyathelo lalithelekiswa nobugwenxa kwaye lijongwa njengembi kunalo naliphi na iqhinga elisetyenziswe kwishishini lecuba.

Yapapashwa kwaye akukho mali ibanjiweyo.

Ukunyuka kweeSuars ezongeziweyo

Iswekile sele ijolise ekujoliseni kwezondlo, njenge-cholesterol kunye namafutha agcweleyo nangaphambi kwayo. Ngexesha lokulungiswa kokutya, izondlo ezibalulekileyo kunye nefayibha ziyasuswa ngelixa iswekile yongezwa ukuyenza inencasa. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje oluvela kwiBritish Medical Journal lufumanise ukuba ukutya okugqitywe kakhulu-ezo zinezinto zokwenziwa ezenziweyo zenza iipesenti ezingama-58 zeekhalori ezisetyenzisiweyo, iipesenti ezingama-90 zazo zongezwa iswekile. Ngokubanzi, abaphandi bafumanise, ngaphezulu kweepesenti ze-82 zabantu abangama-9,317 abaphononongiweyo bagqitha kwiipesenti ezili-10 zeekhalori ezivela kwiswekile.

Iswekile, iyodwa, ayinguye umtyholi ekhabhathini, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo okugqithileyo kuneengcali ezininzi ezikhathazekile ngempilo yesizwe sethu. Omnye wabagxeki abakhulu ngalo mbandela nguGqirha Robert Lustig, ugqirha wezonyango endocrinologist kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Francisco, kunye nomsunguli weZiko leZondlo eziXanduva. Akanantloni ukubiza ubukho beswekile kukutya kwaseMelika ityhefu okanye ityhefu.

"Sifuna utshintsho kunikezelo lokutya," utshilo uLustig kwiHealthline. “Asifuni shukela ukuze siphile. Akukho mntu uyenzayo. ”

Imbali yeSwekile

Iswekile yinxalenye yokutya kwabantu kangangeenkulungwane. Wakha wagqalwa njengobutofotofo, uChristopher Columbus wade weza nezityalo "zegolide emhlophe" kuhambo lwakhe lwango-1492 lokuya eMntla Merika, kwaye isivuno sommoba sachuma. Ngama-1800s, umndilili waseMelika wasebenzisa iiponti ezi-4 zeswekile ngonyaka. Isisesona sityalo sikhulu semali ehlabathini kunye nenxalenye phantse yayo yonke inkcubeko kwiplanethi.

Kodwa xa sithetha ngeswekile, asithethi nje ngeswekile yetafile eyenziwe ngomoba kunye neebhitruthi, kodwa nazo zenziwe ngombona, njengesiraphu yengqolowa kunye nesiraphu yengqolowa ephezulu-fructose. Yonke into exeliweyo, iswekile yaziwa ngamagama angama-56, nayiphi na inokuthi ivele kwiilebheli zokutya. Yongeza zonke ezo zinto zifunyenwe phantsi kwesambulela se-caloric sweeteners kwaye ngo-1999, amaMerika ayedla iipilisi ezili-155 ze-caloric sweeteners ngonyaka, okanye malunga neetapuni ezingama-52 ngosuku, ngokweSebe lezoLimo lase-US (USDA).

Ngoku umndilili wonyaka osetyenziswa eMelika umalunga neepawundi ezili-105 ngonyaka, uphawu lokuba isimo sengqondo sabathengi malunga nezinto ezimhlophe sele siqalisile ukutshintsha.

“Ngandlel 'ithile, iswekile yeyona nto iphambili ekudleni kokutya. Ivela kwiindawo ezingalindelekanga, ezinje nge-pizza, isonka, izinja ezishushu, irayisi edityanisiweyo, isuphu, ispaghetti isosi, inyama yasemini, imifuno enkonkxiweyo, iziselo zeziqhamo, iyogathi enencasa, isoso, isaladi yokunxiba, imayonnaise, kunye namandongomane ibhotolo ”

Ukususela ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2009, iipesenti ezingama-77 zazo zonke iikhalori ezithengiweyo e-US ziqulethe i-caloric sweeteners, ngo-2012 kwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina eChapel Hill. Bafunyenwe kuninzi lweendawo onokuzilindela-amashwamshwam amnandi, iipie, iicookies, iikeyiki, kunye neswekile-iziselo ezinencasa- kodwa nakwizinto ekulungele ukutyiwa ukutya okuziinkozo kunye negranola, iproteni kunye nemivalo yamandla, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla. .Isiraphu yengqolowa sesona siswiti sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike yokutya yase-U.S. Ilandelwa ngamazimba, iswekile yommoba, isiraphu yengqolowa ene-high-fructose, kunye nomxube wejusi yeziqhamo.

"Bakukutya okucutshungulwayo okunje ngeyogathi, njenge-barbecue sauce, i-ketchup, i-hamburger buns, inyama ye-hamburger," utshilo uLustig. "Phantse yonke into kwivenkile yokutya igcwele iswekile eyongeziweyo, ngenjongo, ngumzi mveliso wokutya, kuba bayazi ukuba xa beyongeza uyathenga ngakumbi."

Hayi 'Iikhalori ezingenanto'

Ke zeziphi ezilungileyo kuwe, iswekile okanye iilekese ezisekwe kumbona?

Esi yayisisiseko somgwebo phakathi kweshishini leswekile kunye nabenzi besiraphu yengqolowa ephezulu. Bobabini bathi omnye uthethe kakubi omnye komnye kwizibhengezo, kubandakanya nentengiso yesiraphu yengqolowa yokuba zonke iiswekile ziyafana kwaye "Umzimba wakho awunokwazi umahluko." Emva kweminyaka besezinkundleni, eli tyala lagqitywa laya eLos Angeles ngo-Novemba ophelileyo, kodwa nge-20 kaNovemba ngo-Novemba, la maqela mabini abhengeza ukuba bafikelele kwisivumelwano esasiyimfihlo. I-FDA, nangona kunjalo, iswekile, nokuba ivela kumbona, ii-beet okanye umoba, ngokufanayo ziyafana kwaye icebisa ukuba wonke umntu anciphise ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonke.

Izinto ezininzi eziswiti zingakhokelela kwizifo. Mncinci kakhulu? Ewe, akukho nto injalo.

Iswekile ngokwendalo, njengalezo ziziqhamo okanye iimveliso zobisi, zinika iingcali inkxalabo encinci kuba nazo zizisa ifayibha, izimbiwa kunye nezinye izakha mzimba. U-Greene uthi ngelixa kunqabile ukubona umntu esitya ii-apile ezintlanu zilandelelana, akuqhelekanga ukubona umntu edla inqanaba leswekile elifanayo, ukuba akunjalo, ngelixa etya iicookies okanye esela isoda.

"Inkqubo ixutywe ngala manqanaba ayilungiselelwe ukujongana nayo," watsho.

Iswekile ecoliweyo kunye nezinye izinto eziswiti-kubandakanya isiraphu yengqolowa ene-fructose ephezulu kunye nezinye iiswekile ezongeziweyo ngesimamva -ukunikezela ngeekhalori kuphela kwaye akukho xabiso lesondlo. Ebhalwe "iikhalori ezingenanto," iingcali zithi iikhalori zeswekile azinanto kwaye zenza umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni womntu kunokuba zaziqonda. Zizinto ezincinci zokutya ezingenamandla, oku kuthetha ukuba kunika amandla amaninzi kodwa akukho nto enye into efunwa ngumzimba. Kwaye ukuba awutshisi loo mandla, umzimba wakho uwuguqulela ube ngamanqatha. Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuza kwifom engamanzi kuba umzimba awuziva ugcwele, ngokungathi batyiwe ngendlela eqinileyo.

Umbuzo ngowokuba kutheni iswekile ingako kuko konke ukutya, nakuzo zonke iiresiphi, nakuko konke ukutya okwenziweyo? ” Utshilo uLustig. “Kwaye impendulo kukuba iswekile iyathengisa. Kwaye ndiyazi ukuba iyathengisa, kodwa ngelishwa, njengoko sifundile, ayikulungelanga. "

Jonga ukuba kutheni ilixesha #BreakUpWithSugar