Yintoni enokuba yiprotheyini kumchamo (proteinuria), iimpawu kunye nendlela yokunyanga

Umxholo

• Oonobangela kunye neentlobo zeproteinuria
• 1. Ukudlula kwiproteinuria
• 2. I-Orthostatic proteinuria
• 3. Ukuqhubeka kweproteinuria
• Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka
• Luqhutywa njani uviwo
• Ungazilungiselela njani iimviwo

Ubukho beprotein egqithisileyo kumchamo buyaziwa ngokwenzululwazi njengeproteinuria kwaye inokuba sisalathiso sezifo ezininzi, ngelixa amanqanaba asezantsi eprotini kumchamo athathwa njengesiqhelo. Kungenxa yokuba iimolekyuli zeprotheyini zikhulu ngobukhulu kwaye ke azinakugqitha kwi-glomeruli okanye izihluzo zezintso kwaye aziqhelekanga kumchamo.

Izintso zicoca igazi, zisuse okungakhathaliyo kunye nokugcina okubalulekileyo emzimbeni, nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, izintso zivumela iiproteni ukuba zidlule kwiifilitha zazo, zibangele ukwanda komxholo weprotini kumchamo.

Oonobangela kunye neentlobo zeproteinuria

Ukwanda kwenani leproteyini kumchamo kunokwenzeka ngenxa yeemeko ezininzi kwaye, ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nexesha apho ubukho beeproteni kumchamo bunokufunyanwa khona, iproteinuriauria inokuhlelwa:

1. Ukudlula kwiproteinuria

Iimeko ezibangela ukuphakama kwethutyana kweeproteni kumchamo zezi:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni;
• Uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo;
• Ukubonakaliswa kubanda kakhulu;
• Ifiva;
• Ukuzilolonga kakhulu.

Ezi meko ayisosizathu sokukhathazeka, kwaye zihlala zikhawuleza.

2. I-Orthostatic proteinuria

Kwi-orthostatic proteinuria, isixa seprotein kumchamo siyonyuka xa simile, kwaye sihlala sibonwa ebantwaneni nakubantu abancinci abade kwaye babhityile. Ukufihlwa kweeproteni kumchamo kwenzeka ikakhulu emini, xa amanqanaba emisebenzi ephezulu, ke ukuba umchamo uqokelelwe kusasa, akufuneki ube neeproteni.

[uphononongo lokujonga kwakhona]

3. Ukuqhubeka kweproteinuria

Izifo kunye neemeko ezibangela amanqanaba aphezulu eeprotheyini kumchamo kunokuba zezi zilandelayo:

• I-Amyloidosis, equlathe ukuqokelelwa okungaqhelekanga kweeproteni kwizitho;
• Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile, anje ngee-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo okanye isifo sezintso se-polycystic okanye usulelo lwezintso;
• Isifo sentliziyo okanye usulelo lwangaphakathi lwangaphakathi lwentliziyo;
• IHodgkin's lymphoma kunye ne-myeloma ezininzi;
• Glomerulonephritis, equlathe ukudumba glomeruli kwezintso;
• Iswekile, kuba ichaphazela izintso ukukwazi ukucoca igazi okanye ukuphinda ubambe iiproteni egazini;
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, olonakalisa imithambo ebekwe ngaphakathi nakwiindawo ezikufutshane nezintso, ezichaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwala malungu;
• I-nephropathy ye-IgA, equlathe ukudumba kwezintso okubangelwa kukuqokelelwa kwintsholongwane ye-immunoglobulin A;
• I-Sarcoidosis, equka ukukhula kunye nokukhula kwamaqela eeseli ezitshisayo kumalungu;
• I-anemia yesifo sokugula;
• ULupus;
• Isifo seengcongconi;
• Irheumatoid Arthritis.

Amaxabiso aphezulu eprotein kumchamo nawo angenzeka ngexa lokukhulelwa, kwaye inokunxulumana nezinto ezininzi, ezinjengokwanda komsebenzi wezintso ukucoca ulwelo olugqithisileyo, uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, usulelo lomjelo womchamo, okanye kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, -eclampsia. Bona ngakumbi malunga nezi mpawu zeproteinuria ekukhulelweni.

I-Preeclampsia yingxaki enkulu yokukhulelwa, ekufuneka ifumaneke ngokukhawuleza, ukuthintela iingxaki zempilo kumfazi okhulelweyo, ezinokuthi zinxulunyaniswe nezinye izinto ezinje ngokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi, intloko ebuhlungu okanye ukudumba emzimbeni. Funda ngakumbi malunga ne-pre-eclampsia.

Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka

Iproteinuria inokuba sisiphumo seemeko ezininzi, iimpawu ezingangqinelani ngqo nobukho beeproteni kumchamo, kodwa koonobangela.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iproteinuria ibonisa isifo sesifo sezintso, ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela, ezinjengokugabha kunye nokugabha, ukwehla kwemveliso yomchamo, ukudumba emaqatheni kunye nokujikeleza kwamehlo, incasa engathandekiyo emlonyeni, ukudinwa, ukuphefumla kancinci kunye nokutya, pallor, ukoma kunye nokubamba ngokubanzi kwesikhumba. Ukongeza, umchamo unokuba negwebu kwaye ubangele iintlungu kunye nokutsha xa uchama. Qonda ukuba yintoni ukusilela kwezintso, iimpawu kunye nendlela olwenziwa ngayo unyango.

Unyango luxhomekeke kakhulu kwisizathu seproteinuria, ke umntu makaye kwindawo ukuze enze uxilongo oluchanekileyo, kwaye abone ukuba yintoni ebangela iprotheyini egqithileyo kumchamo.

Luqhutywa njani uviwo

Iiprotein zinokufunyanwa ngokulula kumchamo ngokujonga umchamo wohlobo 1, okwabizwa ngokuba yi-EAS, apho isiziba sephepha esinezixhobo zeekhemikhali sifakwe kwisampulu yomchamo, kwaye ukuba kukho inani elikhulu leprotein kwisampulu, isabelo isiqwenga sitshintsha umbala. Jonga indlela yokuqonda iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-EAS.

Ukuba kufumaneke ukuba umchamo unezixa ezikhulu zeprotein, uvavanyo lomchamo lweeyure ezingama-24 lunokwenziwa ukulinganisa ukususwa kweprotein kunye ne-creatinine, enceda ukuvavanya nokulawula ukusebenza kwezintso, ngaloo ndlela kunceda ekufumaniseni izifo ezinokubakho. Funda konke malunga novavanyo lomchamo lweeyure ezingama-24.

Iisampulu zomchamo ziqokelelwa kwisikhongozeli esinye okanye nangaphezulu kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 kwaye zigcinwe kwindawo epholileyo. Emva koko, zithunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuba zihlolwe. Olu vavanyo alubonisi ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zeprotein ezikhoyo kumchamo, ke ukumisela iintlobo zeeprotein ezikhoyo, ugqirha unokukucebisa ukuba wenze ezinye iimvavanyo ezinje nge-electrophoresis yeeproteni ezikhoyo kumchamo.

Ungazilungiselela njani iimviwo

Ngaphambi kokwenza uvavanyo, kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha ukuze uzilungiselele ngokuchanekileyo, ukuze iziphumo zingalunganga. Ke, kunokuba yimfuneko ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza athile okanye izongezo ezinokuphazamisa iziphumo zovavanyo.

Ezinye izinto zinokuphazamisana novavanyo, njengokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okanye ukungaseli manzi ngokwaneleyo, emva kokuvavanywa ngohlobo lwe-radiology apho uhlobo oluthile lwedayi lusetyenzisiweyo, ekubeni ubephantsi kwemeko yoxinzelelo olukhulu lweemvakalelo, ukwenza umthambo kakhulu, ukuba usulelo lwe-urinary tract, okanye ukuba umchamo wakho uxutywe nokufihla ubufazi, igazi okanye incindi yobudoda.

Ukuba uvavanyo lomchamo lwenziwe kwabasetyhini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ulinde iintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-10 emva kokuphela komjikelo wokuya exesheni ngaphambi kokwenza uvavanyo, ukunqanda ukungcolisa umchamo kunye nomkhondo wegazi ovela kwelo xesha.