Yintoni iAnencephaly?

Umxholo

• Yintoni ebangela oko kwaye ngubani osemngciphekweni?
• Kufunyaniswa njani?
• Ziintoni iimpawu?
• Inyangwa njani?
• I-Anencephaly vs. i-microcephaly
• Yintoni imbonakalo?
• Ngaba inokuthintelwa?

Ushwankathelo

I-Anencephaly sisiphene sokuzalwa apho ingqondo namathambo okakayi angenzi ngokupheleleyo xa umntwana esesibelekweni. Ngenxa yoko, ingqondo yomntwana, ngakumbi i-cerebellum, ikhula kancinci. I-cerebellum yinxalenye yengqondo ikakhulu ejongene nokucinga, ukuhamba, kunye nokuziva, kubandakanya ukubamba, ukubona kunye nokuva.

I-Anencephaly ithathwa njengesiphene se-neural tube. Ityhubhu ye-neural sishafti esincinci esivamise ukuvala ngexesha lokukhula komntwana kwaye senze ingqondo kunye nentambo yomqolo. Oku kuhlala kwenzeka ngeveki yesine yokukhulelwa, kodwa ukuba ayenzi njalo, isiphumo sinokuba yi-anencephaly.

Le meko ingenakunyangeka ichaphazela malunga nokukhulelwa okuthathu kwi-10,000 e-United States minyaka le, ngokwe-. Malunga neepesenti ezingama-75 zamatyala, umntwana uzalwa efile. Olunye usana oluzelwe lune-anencephaly lunokuphila kuphela iiyure ezimbalwa okanye iintsuku.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukukhulelwa kubandakanya isiphene se-neural tube siphela kukuhamba kwesisu.

Yintoni ebangela oko kwaye ngubani osemngciphekweni?

Isizathu se-anencephaly asaziwa ngokubanzi, esinokukhathaza. Kwezinye iintsana, unobangela unokunxulunyaniswa notshintsho lwemfuza okanye i-chromosome. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abazali bosana abanayo imbali yosapho ye-anencephaly.

Ukuvezwa kukamama kwityhefu ethile yendalo esingqongileyo, amayeza, okanye nokutya okanye iziselo zinokudlala indima. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi abazi ngokwaneleyo malunga nezi zinto zinokubangela umngcipheko okwangoku ukubonelela ngezikhokelo okanye izilumkiso.

Ukuvezwa kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nokuba avela kwi-sauna okanye ityhubhu eshushu okanye kwifiva ephezulu, kunokuphakamisa umngcipheko weziphene ze-neural tube.

Iklinikhi yaseCleveland icebisa ukuba amayeza athile amiselweyo, kubandakanya lawo asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo seswekile, anokunyusa umngcipheko we-anencephaly. Isifo seswekile kunye nokukhuluphala kunokubangela umngcipheko wokukhulelwa, ngenxa yoko kuhlala kufanelekile ukuba uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga naziphi na iimeko ezingapheliyo kunye nokuba zinokuchaphazela njani ukukhulelwa kwakho.

Enye into ebalulekileyo yomngcipheko enxulumene ne-anencephaly kukungonelisi ngokwaneleyo kwe-folic acid. Ukungabikho kwesi sondlo esiphakamileyo kunokuphakamisa umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana kunye nezinye iziphene ze-neural tube ngaphezu kwe-anencephaly, njenge-spina bifida. Abafazi abakhulelweyo bangawunciphisa lo mngcipheko ngezixhobo ze-folic acid okanye utshintsho lokutya.

Ukuba ukhe waba nosana olune-anencephaly, ithuba lakho lokuba nomntwana wesibini onemeko efanayo okanye elahlukileyo ityhubhu ye-neural tube inyuka nge-4 ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini. Ukukhulelwa okubini kwangaphambili okuchatshazelwe yi-anencephaly kukonyusa izinga lokuphindaphinda ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezili-10 ukuya kwezi-13.

Kufunyaniswa njani?

Oogqirha banokuchonga i-anencephaly ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye kwangoko emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Ekuzalweni, ukungaqheleki kolukakayi kunokubonwa ngokulula. Ngamanye amaxesha, inxenye yesikhumba sekhanda ilahlekile, kunye nokhakhayi.

Uvavanyo lokukhulelwa kwe-anencephaly lubandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi. Amanqanaba aphezulu eprotein yesibindi i-alpha-fetoprotein inokubonisa i-anencephaly.
• Amniocentesis. Ulwelo olukhutshiweyo kwingxowa ye-amniotic ejikeleze umbungu kunokufundwa ukukhangela amanqaku amaninzi okukhula okungaqhelekanga. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-alpha-fetoprotein kunye ne-acetylcholinesterase ayanyaniswa neziphene ze-neural tube.
• I-Ultrasound. Amaza esandi ahamba ngesantya esiphezulu anokunceda ukwenza imifanekiso (sonograms) yemveku ekhulayo kwiscreen sekhompyuter. Isonogram inokubonisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-anencephaly.
• Iskena seMRI esiswini. Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye namaza erediyo avelisa imifanekiso engekazalwa. Iskena se-MRI esingekazalwa sinika imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ngakumbi kune-ultrasound.

Iklinikhi yaseCleveland iphakamisa uvavanyo lwangaphambi kokubeleka lwe-anencephaly phakathi kwe-14 neye-18 iiveki zokukhulelwa. Iskena seMRI esingekazalwa senzeka nanini na.

Ziintoni iimpawu?

Ezona mpawu zibonakalayo ze-anencephaly ziindawo ezilahlekileyo zokakayi, ezihlala zingamathambo emva kwentloko. Amanye amathambo emacaleni okanye ngaphambili kolukakayi angaphinde alahleke okanye angakheki kakuhle. Ingqondo nayo ayenziwanga ngokufanelekileyo. Ngaphandle kwe-cerebellum esempilweni, umntu akanakuphila

Eminye imiqondiso inokubandakanya ukusongwa kweendlebe, inkalakahla ecandekileyo, kunye nengqondo engalunganga. Ezinye iintsana ezizalwe nge-anencephaly nazo zineziphene zentliziyo.

Inyangwa njani?

Akukho lunyango okanye unyango lwe-anencephaly. Umntwana ozelwe enale meko kufuneka agcinwe eshushu kwaye ekhululekile. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iinxalenye ze-scalp ezingekhoyo, iindawo ezifihlakeleyo zengqondo kufuneka zigqunywe.

Ukulindelwa kobomi bosana oluzelwe nge-anencephaly akukho ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezimbalwa, kunokwenzeka iiyure ezimbalwa.

I-Anencephaly vs. i-microcephaly

I-Anencephaly yenye yeemeko ezininzi ezaziwa ngokuba ziingxaki ze-cephalic. Zonke zinxulumene neengxaki nophuhliso lwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Esinye isifo esifana ne-anencephaly ngeendlela ezithile yi-microcephaly. Umntwana ozelwe enale meko unesijikelezo sentloko esincinci kunesiqhelo.

Ngokungafaniyo ne-anencephaly, ebonakalayo ekuzalweni, i-microcephaly inokubakho okanye ingabikho ngexesha lokuzalwa. Inokuphuhla kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yobomi.

Umntwana one-microcephaly unokufumana ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kobuso kunye namanye amalungu omzimba, ngelixa intloko ihlala incinci. Umntu one-microcephaly unokulibaziseka ekukhuleni kwaye ajongane nobomi obufutshane kunomntu ongenayo imeko ye-cephalic.

Yintoni imbonakalo?

Ngelixa ukuba nomntwana omnye ophuhlisa i-anencephaly kunokuba buhlungu, hlala ukhumbula ukuba umngcipheko wokukhulelwa okulandelayo okuvela ngendlela efanayo usezantsi kakhulu. Unokukunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko ngakumbi ngokuqinisekisa ukuba usebenzisa i-folic acid eyaneleyo ngaphambi nangexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho.

I-CDC isebenza namaZiko oPhando lokuThintela ukuZalwa nokuThintela kwizifundo ezihlola iindlela eziphuculweyo zokuthintela kunye nokunyanga i-anencephaly kunye nobubanzi beziphene zokuzalwa.

Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa, thetha nogqirha wakho kungekudala malunga nazo zonke iindlela onokunceda ngazo ukuphucula amathuba okuba ukhulelwe usempilweni.

Ngaba inokuthintelwa?

Ukuthintela i-anencephaly akunakwenzeka kuzo zonke iimeko, nangona kukho amanyathelo athile anokunciphisa umngcipheko.

Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye unokukhulelwa, iCDC icebisa ukuthatha yonke imihla ubuncinci. Yenza oku ngokuthatha isongezelelo se-folic acid okanye ngokutya ukutya okuqiniswe yi-folic acid. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ngokudibanisa zombini ezi ndlela, kuxhomekeke kwindlela otya ngayo.